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IGARSS2011-TDX_TandemL_v1.pdf
1. Tandem-L: Estimation of Vertical Forest Structure by means of
Multi-Baseline Pol-InSAR @ L-band for Global Biomass Mapping
M. Padrini, A. Torano Caioya, S-K. Lee, F. Kugler, I. Hajnsek & K. Papathanassiou
Microwaves and Radar Institute (DLR-HR)
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Microwaves and Radar Institute / Pol - InSAR Research Group
2. Interferometric ~( S S ) S1 S
2
S1 S2 γ 1 2
Coherence S1 S1 S 2 S
2
SAR Interferometry for Volume Structure
hv
f ( z ) eik z z dz
Volume ~ ( f ( z )) eik z z o
γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o
f ( z ) … vertical reflectivity function
~~
γ γ Temporal γ SNR ~ Volume
γ κΔ θ
Vertical Wavenumber: κ z
sin( θ0 )
~
γ Temporal … temporal decorrelation
γ SNR … additive noise decorrelation
~
γ Volume … geometric decorrelation
VU 2 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
3. Interferometric ~( S S ) S1 S
2
S1 S2 γ 1 2
Coherence S1 S1 S 2 S
2
hv
f ( z ) eik z z dz
Volume ~ ( f ( z )) eik z z o
γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o
f ( z )2 Layer reflectivity function
… vertical Inversion Model
2 σ( z ) z
κΔ θ
κ iz ) ~V m( w )
cos θ 0
f ( z) f0 e ~
m δ( z z 0 )Vertical Wavenumber: φ0 γ
G γ( w ) exp( sin( θ0() )
1 m w
hV
2 σ ( z ) z' mG (w )
cos θ dz'
I exp(iκ z z' ) exp m( w ) σ( z) has to be parameterised
Coherence
m V ( w )I0
0
Volume
~
I 0 Volume Height h V
γV hV
I0 2 σ( z ) z' κΔ θ Topography φ0
I0 0
cos θ dz'
exp
0
κz
Microwaves and Radar Institute sin( θ0 ) G/V Ratio
m( w ) > Autor Name
VU 3
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
4. Traunstein Test Site Forest type Temperate
Topography Moderate slopes
2003 Oct. Height 25 ~ 35m
Species N. Spruce, E. Beech, White Fir
Biomass 40 ~ 450 t/ha
50
40
30
20
10
HV Amplitude Image Pol-InSAR Forest Height Elevation Model
0m
VU 4 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
5. Traunstein Test Site
2003 Oct. 2008 June
50
40
30
20
10
0m
VU 5 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
7. Source: Marc Simard, JPL,Microwaves and Radar Institute
NASA 0 10 20 30 40 50 [m] 60
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
8. -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m
Traunstein Test Site
50
40
30
20
10
LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax)
0m
VU 9 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
9. -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m
Traunstein Test Site
Bias: 0.1 m Bias: 0.2 m
Std: 1.7 m Std: 2.8 m
50
40
30
20
10
LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax)
SAR – LIDAR DTM
0m
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
10. -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m
Traunstein Test Site
LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax) SAR DTM (Relax)
VU 11 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
11. -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m -15 m -5 m Master 5 m 10 m
Traunstein Test Site
Small Baselines / Large Baselines Small Baselines / Large Baselines
Bias: 0.1 Bias: 1 m
Std: 2.2 Std: 3.1 m
Bias: 0.1 Bias: -1.3 m
Std: 2.6 Std: 6.0 m
LIDAR DTM SAR DTM (Relax) SAR DTM (Relax)
VU 12 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
12. Traunstein Test Site
X-band
2003 Oct.
Phase Center Height
50
40
30
20
10
0m
VU 13 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
13. Polarimetric Coherence Tomography
f ( z ) … vertical reflectivity function
hv
f ( z ) eik z z dz
Volume ~ ( f ( z )) eik z z o
γ Vol o
hv
Coherence
f ( z ) dz f ( z)
o
f ( z ) … vertical reflectivity function
κΔ θ
f(z) Vertical Wavenumber: κz
sin( θ0 )
hv hv k zh v 1 k zh v
h i i z'
(1 f ( z' ))
ik z z ik z z
f ( z) e dz f (z) e dz v e 2
e 2
dz '
~ ( f ( z)) eik z zo o 0 2 1
γ Vol hv hv 1
h
f ( z) dz f ( z ) dz v
2 (1 f ( z ' )) dz '
o 0 1
1
2n 1
Fourier Legendre Series: f ( z' ) anPn (z' )
Microwaves and Radar Institute
where an
2
f ( z' )VUn14 z'Autor Name
P ( > )dz'
n 1
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
14. 690
Topo Height [m] Vertical Forest Profile Reconstruction
Mixed Forest Stand
570
Mature Spruce Stand
Topo Height [m]
PCT Reconstruction from 2 Baselines
570
Height H
f(z)
a0 a1 a2 a3
Test site: Traunstein, Germany, L-band @ HVand Radar Institute
Microwaves
Polarisation Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
15. Structure-to-Biomass Allometry
B = la * 1.66 H 1 . 50
H 3
B = 3.11 a P(z )
i =0 j =1
j j i
Height (m)
Biomass Mg/ha
f (z)
a0 a1 a2 a3
z
x
y
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
17. Summary
Multi-Baseline (Single-Pass) Polarimetric SAR Interferometry:
Accurate (<10%) estimation of forest top height at high spatial resolutions (20-50m Grid);
Estimation of Ground DEM – Removal of Vegetation Bias;
Resolving low frequency vertical forest structure using by a “realistic” number of acqisitions.
Above ground forest Biomass:
Structure based (AG) Biomass estimators promise accuracy & stability across very different
forest conditions;
Mapping of “radar” structure to biomass structure has to be resolved.
VU 19 > Autor Name
Microwaves and Radar Institute
Microwaves and Radar Institute > 30.05.2006
18. Tandem-L: Estimation of Vertical Forest Structure by means of
Multi-Baseline Pol-InSAR @ L-band for Global Biomass Mapping
M. Padrini A. Torano Caioya, S-K. Lee, Florian Kugler, Irena Hajnsek & K. Papathanassiou
Microwaves and Radar Institute (DLR-HR)
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Microwaves and Radar Institute / Pol - InSAR Research Group