1. A synergetic use of observations from MODIS, SEVIRI MSG, ASAR and AMSR-E to infer a daily soil moisture index C. Notarnicola 1 , F. Di Giuseppe 2 , K. Lewinska 1 , L. Pasolli 1,3 , M. Temimi 4 , B. Ventura 1 , M. Zebisch 1 1 EURAC-Institute for Applied Remote Sensing, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy. 2 ARPA-ServizioIdroMeteoClima, Viale Silvani 6, Bologna, Italy 3 Dep. of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy. 4 NOAA-CREST/NOAA-CREST/The City University of New York, The City College, 140th St @ Convent Ave. Steinman Hall (T-109), New York, NY 10031. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, Canada - July 24-29, 2011

4. ATI from MODIS images (or equivalent sensors) ATI from MSG images (or equivalent sensors) Soil moisture estimates from AMSR-E sensors Soil moisture estimates from SAR sensors Check spatial distribution and calibration steps Check temporal trends and regularization Downscaling and cloud cover reduction Daily Soil Moisture Index (3-4 classes)

7. If the limit of  T =10K is considered in order to have reliable ATI estimates [Cai et al., 2007], the error on ATI is around 0.002 which corresponds to 5% of the lowest values detected in this analysis.

8. ATI-Ground measurements ATI=1.8*10 -3* SMC+0.0154 R 2 =0.76 (SMC expressed in %) ATI-SMC_SAR ATI=1.3*10 -3* SMC+0.019 R 2 =0.78 (SMC expressed in %) ATI SAR Three classes (Emilia Romagna Test site): ATI < 0.04, SMC-SAR < 10% 0.04 < ATI < 0.05, 10% < SMC-SAR < 15% ATI > 0.05, SMC-SAR > 15%, OA=72% Urban Forest Water bodies ATI (K -1 )

10. Analysis of temporal trends: Emilia Romagna Comparison of the temporal trend among SMC (cm3/cm3), ATI originally calculated and ATI filtered. H stands for High NDVI values (> 0.4) and L stand for Low NDVI values (< 0.4). Comparison between ATI and measured soil moisture values (SMC) over 1 year period for Emilia Romagna test site. The values represent the determination coefficients between ATI values and SMC in the different cases considered . No filter Simple filter Filter using AMSRE data NDVI < 0.4 0.58 0.59 0.72 NDVI > 0.4 0.45 0.45 0.56

12. Analysis of temporal trends: France Comparison of the temporal trend among SMC (cm3/cm3), ATI originally calculated and ATI filtered. H stands for High NDVI values (> 0.4) and L stand for Low NDVI values (< 0.4). Temporal comparison between ATI and measured soil moisture values (SMC) over 1 year period for France test site. The values represent the determination coefficients between ATI values and SMC in the different cases considered. No filter Simple filter Filter using AMSRE data NDVI < 0.4 0.61 0.68 0.70 NDVI > 0.4 0.23 0.24 0.43

13. SMC classes from ATI The overall accuracy with three classes is around 58%. If we exclude the values of ATI within the confidence interval corresponding to the error measurements of SMC values that can be misclassified, the accuracy raises to 73%. 3 - classes The ranges adopted are slightly different from the previous test site, because the SMC values were in general higher while the corresponding ATI did not change due to the presence of vegetation detected with high NDVI values. In fact in the confusion matrix most of the values of SMC higher than 0.35 cm 3 /cm 3 are in class 3 instead of 4. This happens because all the highest SMC values were in the period with the highest values of NDVI. ATI/SMC 2 (<0.06) 3 (0.06-0.085) 4 (>0.085) 2 (<0.25) 0.78 0.22 - 3 (0.25-0.35) 0.37 0.53 0.10 4 ( >0.35) 0.17 0.75 0.08

16. Time of acquisitions

20. Cross-comparison with SEVIRI- MSG data A cross-comparison with METEOSAT MSG data is under evaluation. Some MSG images contemporary to MODIS acquisitions have been processed and analyzed over the Emilia Romagna test sites. One of the major problems is the use of a correct cloud mask in order to not introduce not corrected ranges of ATI values.

22. Thank you for the attention! Comments/questions?