End of World War II: Atlantic and Pacific Theater

1. End of World War II

2. European Theater of Operations

3. The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,
1945 was the1945 was the largest landlargest land battle of World War II in which thebattle of World War II in which the United StatesUnited States
participated. More than a million men fought in this battle including someparticipated. More than a million men fought in this battle including some
600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.
The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,
1945 was the1945 was the largest landlargest land battle of World War II in which thebattle of World War II in which the United StatesUnited States
participated. More than a million men fought in this battle including someparticipated. More than a million men fought in this battle including some
600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.

4. Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge
At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000
U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000
Germans killed, wounded or captured.Germans killed, wounded or captured.
At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000
U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000
Germans killed, wounded or captured.Germans killed, wounded or captured.

5. In February 1945 the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big Three, met at Yalta on
the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied military strategy in the final months of World War II
In February 1945 the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big Three, met at Yalta on
the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied military strategy in the final months of World War II
The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference

6. The Battle of Berlin
•By April 1, 1945, the Russians were outside Berlin. They built up for two weeks, knowing that
Berlin would be heavily contested.
•Berlin’s fate was sealed, but the resistance continued. The Soviets sustained 305,000 dead; the
Germans sustained as many as 325,000, including civilians.
•By April 1, 1945, the Russians were outside Berlin. They built up for two weeks, knowing that
Berlin would be heavily contested.
•Berlin’s fate was sealed, but the resistance continued. The Soviets sustained 305,000 dead; the
Germans sustained as many as 325,000, including civilians.

7. Hitler Commits Suicide
April 30, 1945
The FThe Füührer’shrer’s
BunkerBunker
Film Clip
On April 30, Adolf Hitler married Eva
Braun, took cyanide and shot himself.
On April 30, Adolf Hitler married Eva
Braun, took cyanide and shot himself.

8. Berlin surrendered on May 2. Soviet soldiers ransacked the city, raping
100,000 German women of all ages and looting anything of value.
Berlin surrendered on May 2. Soviet soldiers ransacked the city, raping
100,000 German women of all ages and looting anything of value.
Film ClipFilm Clip

9. The Battle of Berlin was
over, and with it went the
Third Reich. The thousand-
year Reich had lasted for
twelve years, and 50
million people were dead.
The German surrender was
signed on May 7 in
Rheims, France.
The Battle of Berlin

10. VE Day marks the day of the Allies’ victory in Europe during
World War II. After 3½ years of war, Nazi Germany surrendered
unconditionally in 1945.
VE Day marks the day of the Allies’ victory in Europe during
World War II. After 3½ years of war, Nazi Germany surrendered
unconditionally in 1945.

11. Pacific Theater of Operations
- Seized Hong
Kong and Malaya
-
Conquered
Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies
(islands of Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
and Celebes)
- Took Burma
(between China
and India)
- Captured the
Philippines
- Seized Hong
Kong and Malaya
-
Conquered
Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies
(islands of Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
and Celebes)
- Took Burma
(between China
and India)
- Captured the
Philippines
Japan had conquered more than 1 million square
miles of land with about 150 million people.

12. U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,
the Philippines [March, 1942]

13. Bataan Death March: April,
1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to
POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to
POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.
Film Clip
2:41-
7:00

14. The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by
Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death
The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by
Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death
Bataan Death March: April,
1942

15. Island Hopping in the Pacific!Island Hopping in the Pacific!

16. Island Hopping Strategy SuccessfulIsland Hopping Strategy Successful
Led by Douglas McArthur, the United States began an
island-hopping campaign to push the Japanese back to Japan.
Midway,
1942
Iwo Jima,
1944-45
Guadalcanal,
1942-43
Philippines,
1944
Okinawa,
1945

17. Turning Point: MidwayTurning Point: Midway
The Battle of Midway was a victory for American forces and marked
a turning point in the Pacific theater during World War II.
The Battle of Midway was a victory for American forces and marked
a turning point in the Pacific theater during World War II.

18. Turning Point: Midway:Turning Point: Midway:
June 4-6, 1942June 4-6, 1942
The Japanese lost four aircraft carriers, two cruisers, and three
destroyers. The U.S. lost the aircraft carrier Yorktown and one destroyer.
The Japanese lost four aircraft carriers, two cruisers, and three
destroyers. The U.S. lost the aircraft carrier Yorktown and one destroyer.

19. A Voice From The PastA Voice From The Past
“Hell was furry red spiders as big as your fist, giant lizards as long as your leg, leeches
falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of fire, scurrying
scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere,
and rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the sour, foul smell of the squishy
jungle, humidity that rotted a body within hours…Hell was an enemy…so fanatic that
it used its own dead as booby traps.”

20. Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to
the Philippines! [1944]

21. Leyte GulfLeyte Gulf
American ground troops continued to push toward the Philippines, landing at Leyte
Island in October 1944.
The Japanese used nearly their entire fleet against MacArthur’s troops, making this the
largest naval engagement in history.
American ground troops continued to push toward the Philippines, landing at Leyte
Island in October 1944.
The Japanese used nearly their entire fleet against MacArthur’s troops, making this the
largest naval engagement in history.

22. MacARTHUR’S PROCLAMATION “IHAVERETURNED”
Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________the Allied forcesthe Allied forces
prevailed.prevailed.

23. Victory With A Steep PriceVictory With A Steep Price
Such victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While theSuch victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While the
Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945,Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945,
fierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fullyfierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fully
conquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost ofconquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost of
60,000 American lives.60,000 American lives.
Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat,Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat,
the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.

24. Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze PilotsKamikaze Pilots
SuicideSuicide
BombersBombers
Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing theirlives in a last-ditch effort to stop the
American advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships.

25. US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

26. Battle of Iwo JimaBattle of Iwo Jima
In March of 1945, American marines gained control of the tiny, but strategically located,
island of Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima is just 660 miles from Tokyo. This victory came after losing
more than 20,000 more soldiers than they had ever lost in a single battle.
In March of 1945, American marines gained control of the tiny, but strategically located,
island of Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima is just 660 miles from Tokyo. This victory came after losing
more than 20,000 more soldiers than they had ever lost in a single battle.

27. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a
Japanese city and military center. The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city. An
estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed and thousands more were made
homeless.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a
Japanese city and military center. The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city. An
estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed and thousands more were made
homeless.
Atomic Bomb

28. NagasakiNagasaki
Three days later, on August 9th
, a second bomb was dropped on the city of
Nagasaki. Over 40,000 people died instantly. In the successive weeks,
thousands more Japanese died from the after effects of the _______________
exposure of the blast.
Three days later, on August 9th
, a second bomb was dropped on the city of
Nagasaki. Over 40,000 people died instantly. In the successive weeks,
thousands more Japanese died from the after effects of the _______________
exposure of the blast.
radiation

29. VJ-Day: The War is Over!VJ-Day: The War is Over!
Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945,
aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to
World War II (1939-1945).
Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945,
aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to
World War II (1939-1945).

30. VJ-Day: The War is Over!VJ-Day: The War is Over!

31. The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project
Dr. RobertDr. Robert
OppenheimerOppenheimer
I am become
death,
the shatterer
of worlds!
Film Clip
President HarryPresident Harry
TrumanTruman
1. How should President Truman end the war? What are
his options?
2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb?
1. How should President Truman end the war? What are
his options?
2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb?

32. Reasons and Motivations
• Extreme nationalism
and militarism of
Japanese
• Military who refused
to surrender.
• Kamikaze pilots were
killing American
soldiers and causing
damage to U.S. ships.
•Risk of Land invasion – Americans calculated over
1 million American and Japanese casualties
•Need to end war before Stalin and Soviet Union
could arrive to help.

33. Method and Strategy
Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man
Used the crew of the
Enola Gay to drop first
bomb on Hiroshima

34. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed70,000 killed
immediately.immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.48,000 buildings.
destroyed.destroyed.
© 100,000s died of100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &radiation poisoning &
cancer later.cancer later.
Aftermath and Impact

35. © 40,000 killed40,000 killed
immediately.immediately.
© 60,000 injured.60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of100,000s died of
radiation poisoningradiation poisoning
& cancer later.& cancer later.
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
Aftermath and Impact

36. Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

37. Hiroshima Memorials

38. Costs of the WarCosts of the War
• Mass DestructionMass Destruction
• 40 Million dead – 25 million wounded40 Million dead – 25 million wounded
• Europe, USSR, North Africa, East Africa wereEurope, USSR, North Africa, East Africa were
destroyeddestroyed
• Major cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, TokyoMajor cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, Tokyo
• Holocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualtiesHolocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualties

39. Creation and Restructuring of New NationsCreation and Restructuring of New Nations
• Germany Split:Germany Split:
East – controlledEast – controlled
by USSRby USSR
West – USA,West – USA,
France, BritainFrance, Britain
• Japan occupied byJapan occupied by
the U.S. – Led bythe U.S. – Led by
MacArthur -MacArthur -
Created aCreated a
constitution andconstitution and
democracydemocracy
• Israel Declared aIsrael Declared a
sovereign nationsovereign nation
• DecolonizationDecolonization
begins in India andbegins in India and
AfricaAfrica

40. Development of SuperpowersDevelopment of Superpowers
• U.S. and USSR become world SuperpowersU.S. and USSR become world Superpowers
• US – Democracy and CapitalismUS – Democracy and Capitalism
• USSR – Totalitarian and CommunismUSSR – Totalitarian and Communism
• Yalta Conference – Division of Europe led toYalta Conference – Division of Europe led to
USSR control of Eastern Europe and the “IronUSSR control of Eastern Europe and the “Iron
Curtain”Curtain”

41. New TechnologyNew Technology
• Atomic BombsAtomic Bombs
• Improved tanks, planes, submarines, weaponsImproved tanks, planes, submarines, weapons
• Aircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, SonarAircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, Sonar
• Leads to arms race and space race between USALeads to arms race and space race between USA
and USSRand USSR

42. United NationsUnited Nations
• 1945 - Replaces1945 - Replaces
League of NationsLeague of Nations
• Goal – MaintainGoal – Maintain
peace, promotepeace, promote
cooperation betweencooperation between
nations, fight worldnations, fight world
hunger, disease,hunger, disease,
ignoranceignorance
• Most nations joined –Most nations joined –
General AssemblyGeneral Assembly
• Security Council –Security Council –
USA, USSR, Britain,USA, USSR, Britain,
France, ChinaFrance, China