2. DO NOW: Below is a painting of Pope Urban II calling for a crusade to the Middle East to expel Muslims from Jerusalem. Religious reasons aside, why, do you think, Urban II would have called for a crusade? Consider: If you are the Pope, how do you get thousands of people to travel thousands of miles and risk their lives by going to war? Who do you think is going to be the real political winner because of the Crusades – the kings or the Pope? Why? Calling for a Crusade!
13. Saladin Saladin was a great Muslim leader. His real name was Salah al-Din Yusuf. He united and led the Muslim world and in 1187, he recaptured Jerusalem for the Muslims after defeating the King of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin near the Lake of Galilee. When his soldiers entered the city of Jerusalem, they were not allowed to kill civilians, rob people or damage the city. The more successful Saladin was, the more he was seen by the Muslims as being their natural leader.
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15. Richard the Lionheart The Christians of Western Europe were stunned by the success of Saladin. The pope, Gregory VIII, ordered another crusade immediately to regain the Holy City for the Christians. This was the start of the Third Crusade and was led by King Richard I (Richard the Lionheart). It was to last from 1189 to 1192. In July 1191, Richard was able to capture the port city of Acre. While in control of Acre, the Christians massacred 2000 Muslim soldiers who they had captured. Saladin had agreed to pay a ransom for them but somehow there was a breakdown in the process of payment and Richard ordered their execution.
16. Both sides fought at the Battle of Arsur in September 1191. Richard won but he delayed his attack on Jerusalem as he knew that his army needed to rest. However, by now even Richard the Lionheart was suffering. He had a fever and appealed to his enemy Saladin to send him fresh water and fresh fruit. Saladin did just this - sending frozen snow to the Crusaders to be used as water and fresh fruit. Why would Saladin do this? Richard was determined to get to Jerusalem and he was prepared to take on Saladin. The Crusaders kept as near to the coast as possible to allow ships to supply them. It was also slightly cooler with a coastal breeze. Regardless of this, the Christians suffered badly from the heat and lack of fresh water. At night when the Crusaders tried to rest, they were plagued by tarantulas. Their bites were poisonous and very painful.
17. First, I am a very devout Muslim. One of the main beliefs of Islam is that Muslims should help those in need. Secondly, I used this opportunity to send my men into Richard's camp with the supplies and spy on what he had in terms of soldiers, equipment etc. What they found was that I only had 2,000 fit soldiers and 50 fit knights to use in battle. With such a small force, I could not hope to take Jerusalem. Perhaps I should make a truce with Saladin? Okay, Let’s make a truce! Acre can remain a Christian controlled port but Jerusalem will remain under the Muslim control. However, Christian pilgrims from the west will be allowed to visit Jerusalem without being troubled by any Muslims. Agreed!
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20. Why Did the Crusades Fail? 4. Refusal to swear allegiance to Byzantine emperor and receive his support and information. 5. Difficulties in maintaining supplies led to "barbarian' acts by civilized Europeans. 6. They established a castle defense only along the coast and never incorporated the allegiance of the local people. Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople on 12 April 1204
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25. The Crusades: 1095-1272 Life Before the Turning Point Europe was in the Dark Ages. There was little trade and lack of education . Serfs worked the land and did not leave their manor. The Church dominated socially and politically. Turning Point Pope Urban II called for all Christians to unite and fight the Muslims to regain control of the Holy lands . Effects/Changes/Impact After four Crusades, the Muslims won control of the Holy lands. However, the crusades resulted in increased trade in Europe and the development of towns . Trade routes needed to be protected, which led to the rise of power of Kings and the decrease of power of the nobles.
