Babur, Akbar the Great, Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal

1. Name of MuseumThe Wonders of
the Mughal Empire

2. Name of Museum
This painting depicts Babur in battle with
Ibrahim Lodi, ruler of the Lodi Dynasty.
The 16th-century battles of Panipat, which
took place 30 years apart, are little known
in the West. But they were pivotal events
in the making of the Mughal Empire as the
dominant power of northern India.
An Illustration from the Baburnama,
c. 1590-1593
Babur at the First Battle of
Panipat, 1526
Do Now: Analyze this painting and
compare how Babur and India are similar to
Osman and the Ottomans.
Do Now: Analyze this painting and
compare how Babur and India are similar to
Osman and the Ottomans.
"By the grace of the Almighty God, this difficult
task was made easy to me and that mighty army,
in the space of a half a day was laid in dust."
"By the grace of the Almighty God, this difficult
task was made easy to me and that mighty army,
in the space of a half a day was laid in dust."

3. Name of Museum
• Military general who invaded
and conquered Northern India
• Writer, loved music and art
• Did little to ___________ the
empire – Son, Humayun,
almost lost power
Babur (1526-1530)
Founder of the
Mughal Dynasty
administer

4. Name of Museum
Humayun almost lost his empires
suffering form some early defeats
against his rivals. However, he later
recovered his lost land but died after
falling down the steps of his library.
Humayun almost lost his empires
suffering form some early defeats
against his rivals. However, he later
recovered his lost land but died after
falling down the steps of his library.
HumayunHumayun

5. Name of Museum
Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims
evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?
Do Now: How did relations between Muslims and non-Muslims
evolve over time? What would Akbar gain by taking this approach?
“The Hindus and idol-worshippers…now erected new idol temples in the city and…
in opposition to the Law of the Prophet which declares that such temples are not to
be tolerated. Under Divine guidance I destroyed these edifices, and I killed those
leaders of infidelity who seduced others into error…”
- Sultan of Delhi Firuz Shah (1351-1389)
“O God, in every temple I see people that seek you. In every language I hear
spoken, people praise you. If it be a mosque, people murmur the holy prayer. If
it be a Christian Church, they ring the bell for love of you… It is you whom I seek
from temple to temple.”
- Akbar the Great (1542-1605)
Do Now:

6. Name of MuseumAkbar the Great
(1542-1605)
Born on October 15, 1542 in
Umarkot, India, and enthroned at
age 14, Akbar the Great began his
military conquests under the
tutelage of a regent before claiming
imperial power and expanding the
Mughal Empire. Known as much for
his inclusive leadership style as for
his war mongering, Akbar ushered
in an era of religious tolerance and
appreciation for the arts. Akbar the
Great died in 1605.
Born on October 15, 1542 in
Umarkot, India, and enthroned at
age 14, Akbar the Great began his
military conquests under the
tutelage of a regent before claiming
imperial power and expanding the
Mughal Empire. Known as much for
his inclusive leadership style as for
his war mongering, Akbar ushered
in an era of religious tolerance and
appreciation for the arts. Akbar the
Great died in 1605.

7. Name of Museum
Jesuits at Akbar’s Court
Back to Room 1
Akbar constructed a special _________________
where he presided over intellectual discussion with
representatives of many religions – Muslim, Hindu,
Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, Jain, and Zoroastrian.
The Akbarnāma, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551-1602).
“House of Worship”

8. Name of Museum
• Allowed Hindu temples to be built
• Ordered Muslims to respect _____
• The _________ attempted to Blend faiths
together and unite Hindus and Muslims
• Faith did not last after Akbar’s death
• Allowed Hindu temples to be built
• Ordered Muslims to respect _____
• The _________ attempted to Blend faiths
together and unite Hindus and Muslims
• Faith did not last after Akbar’s death
• Accepted ______________ –
• Encouraged intermarriage
• Abolished ________ tax on non-Muslims
• Promoted Hindus to high gov’t positions
• Accepted ______________ –
• Encouraged intermarriage
• Abolished ________ tax on non-Muslims
• Promoted Hindus to high gov’t positions
Religious Tolerance
Hinduism
Jizya
cows
Din-I-Ilahi

9. Name of Museum
•Akbar encouraged widow
remarriage and prohibited
the act of ______
•Akbar discouraged child
marriages
•Encouraged special
market days for women
only, to help women
trapped in _______,
seclusion in their homes.
•Women could own land
and they were paid
salaries for their work
•Women were educated
and they learned how to
paint and write poetry
•Women could participate
in business activities.
•Akbar encouraged widow
remarriage and prohibited
the act of ______
•Akbar discouraged child
marriages
•Encouraged special
market days for women
only, to help women
trapped in _______,
seclusion in their homes.
•Women could own land
and they were paid
salaries for their work
•Women were educated
and they learned how to
paint and write poetry
•Women could participate
in business activities.
sati
purdah
Social Reforms

10. Name of Museum
Legacy
Back to Room 1
Akbar moved
capital to Agra and
built the Red Fort
in 1573
Akbar moved
capital to Agra and
built the Red Fort
in 1573What was Akbar’s
greatest achievement?
What was Akbar’s
greatest achievement?

11. Name of Museum
• Great military commander
• Expanded the empire to twice its size!
• Reformed government -
• Emperor had ___________ power
• Vazirs – royal officials who advised Emperor
• Mansabdari System – _____________ system that divided empire into small regions led
by Mansabars (governors)
• ___________– anyone could gain high office
• Great military commander
• Expanded the empire to twice its size!
• Reformed government -
• Emperor had ___________ power
• Vazirs – royal officials who advised Emperor
• Mansabdari System – _____________ system that divided empire into small regions led
by Mansabars (governors)
• ___________– anyone could gain high office
Akbar The GreatPolitical SystemPolitical System
absolute
Bureaucratic
Meritocracy

12. Name of MuseumAkbar The Great
Mughal Empire •Akbar equipped his armies with heavy
artillery and _____________
•He extended his rule into much of
______________________.
•Akbar unified a land of 100 million
people—more than in all of Europe put
together.
A Military Conqueror
Political StructureReligious Tolerance
Mansabdar System
Social and Cultural Reforms
* Akbar treated all his subjects
_______and invited people of all
faiths to his court.
•Akbar married a Hindu princess
•Akbar abolished the hated
______________, or tax on non­­
Muslims.
•Din-i-ilahi was a new religion
suggested by Akbar to unite all
the people
* Akbar governed through a
___________________ of officials.
* Akbar used Hindu and Muslim
laws and reformed common laws.
* Akbar levied a fair and
affordable ________ based on a
percentage of the value of the
peasants’ crops.
• Akbar gave the mansabdar (a
military officer) Land grants and
the right to tax the people in their
area.
• The Mansabdar promised loyalty
and _____________to fight for
Akbar in wartime.
• The system was not hereditary
which helped Akbar keep his
power from the nobles.
Art and Architecture
• Mughal ___________combined
Persian and Hindu influences.
• Akbar led workshops for painters,
musicians, poets and period of
Mughal painting began.
• Akbar period architecture
combined Hindu, Persian, and
Muslim styles and known for
massive but graceful structures
decorated with intricate
____________________.
• Akbar was against ___________
marriage and prohibited marriage
before the age of 12.
• Akbar was also against the inhuman
practice of _____________.
• Akbar led the “House of Worship” to
unite all men in a common bond of
peace.
• This cultural blending affected art,
education, politics, and language.
Name________________
What is Akbar’s greatest achievement?
Explain why?

13. Name of Museum
Back to Room 2
“The Greatest Love
Story of all Time!”

14. Name of Museum
Taj Mahal is regarded by many as
the finest example of Mughal
___________ , combining
elements from Islamic, Persian,
Ottoman Turkish and Indian
architectural styles.
The Taj Mahal
• Took 22 years to complete
(1631-1653)
• The construction had a labor force of
_____________
• Over 1,000 elephants were used
• 28 types of precious and semi-
precious stones were usedTomb of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz MahalTomb of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
architecture
20,000 workers

15. Name of Museum
A Black Taj Mahal?