1. Life expectancy has increased significantly over the past century from 47 years to over 76 years due to control of infectious diseases and medical innovations.
2. Gerontology is the comprehensive study of aging while geriatrics focuses on diseases and problems of older adults.
3. Many body systems are impacted by aging including decreased function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
4. Promoting healthy behaviors such as exercise, nutrition, social engagement and annual health screenings can help optimize health and functioning in older adults.
6. Gerontology vs. Geriatrics Gerontology - the comprehensive study of aging and its effects. Geriatrics - deals with the problems and diseases of old age and aging people. (illnesses)
18. Take note: hypertension Shown to be a serious risk factor at all ages for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Only confirmed by TWO SUBSEQUENT READINGS Classified as: 1. Isolated systolic hypertension 2. Primary hypertension 3. Secondary hypertension
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33. Genitourinary System 1. Changes in kidney function -> Decreased filtration rate -> Diminished tubular function 2. Older women suffer from stress & urge incontinence 3. Common finding in men is BPH
54. Pharmacologic Aspects of Aging Medications capable of altering nutritional status a. antacids b. cathartics c. Antibiotics & phenytoin d. Phenothiazines, estrogen & corticosteroids
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57. Steps to improve compliance a. Explain the action, side effects, & dosage b. Write out medication schedule & review periodically c. Destroy old, unused medications d. Discourage OTC medications & herbal agents Medication dispenser
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59. Physical Health Problems in Older Population 1. Impaired mobility -> Caused by: Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis -> encourage to stay active as possible -> when bed rest cannot be avoided, do aROM -> frequent turning
60. 2. Increased susceptibility to infection -> possibly due to -> influenza vaccines -> vitamin and dietary supplements
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63. Additional risk factors: 1. Certain medicines or combination of medicines 2. Damage to body image (from amputation, cancer surgery, or heart attack) 3. Family history of major depressive disorder 4. Living alone, social isolation 5. Recent bereavement
64. Depression self-help for seniors 1. Getting out in to the world 2. Connecting to others 3. Participating in activities you enjoy 4. Taking care of a pet 5. Exercising 6. Make sure all medications are taken as instructed