11. Case Study – Ultimate-guitar.com Provides tabs for guitar and bass Has video lessons for some tabs
12. Case Study – Ultimate-guitar.com Musical News – up to date info on bands Music Reviews Music Interviews
13. Business Models Some of the most successful Internet businesses have leveraged the Long Tail as part of their businesses. The adoption of video games and massively multiplayer online games such as Second Life as tools for education and training is starting to show a long-tailed pattern.
14. Criticism Anita Elberse, professor of business administration at Harvard Business School,calls the Long Tail theory into question. Elbersedefined head and tail using percentages, while Anderson uses absolute numbers. SergueiNetessine and Tom F. Tan agreed with Elberse.
15. CROWDS The "crowds" of customers, users and small companies that inhabit the Long Tail distribution can perform collaborative and assignment work. Some relevant forms of these new production models are: Peer-to-peer collaboration groups that produce open-source software or create wikis such as Wikipedia.
16. CROWDS The crowd-sourcing model, in which a company outsources work to a large group of market players using a collaborative online platform. The model of ‘crowd-casting’: the process of building a network of users and then delivering challenges or tasks to be solved with the purpose of gaining insights or innovative ideas.