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Innovazione & Imprenditorialità


Definizione di Innovazione –
tipologie di innovazioni
Modulo 0.01




                                  1
Citazione raccomandata
Se non altrimenti citato, il materiale è tratto dal corso:
MIT OpenCourseWare | Sloan School of Management |
15.351 Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
Spring 2008

Prof. Fiona Murray, course materials for 15. 351
Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Spring
2008,
MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu),
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on 24 January 2009.


                                                             2
Contenuti
! Definizione di Innovazione;
                 Innovazione

! Introduzione al corso “Innovazione &
  Imprenditorialità”




                                         3
Definizione di
Invenzione e Innovazione
  Invention: An object, process, or technique which
  displays an element of novelty.
  Innovation (Classic definitions - Wikipedia) include:
      the act of introducing something new: something
  quot;

      newly introduced (The American Heritage
      Dictionary).
      the successful exploitation of new ideas
  quot;

      (Department of Trade and Industry, UK).
      a creative idea that is realized (Frans Johansson,
  quot;

      Harvard Business School Press, 2004)


                                                           4
Definizioni di Innovazione
  Innovazione: “mezzo per produrre, assimilare e
  sfruttare con successo la novità nei settori economici e
  sociale” (UE,COM 2003,112, Bruxelles, 11.3.2003).
  Innovazione: “il rinnovo e l’ampliamento della gamma
  dei prodotti e dei servizi, nonché dei mercati ad essi
  associati; l’attuazione di nuovi metodi di produzione,
  d’approvvigionamento e di distribuzione, l’introduzione
  di mutamenti nella gestione nell’organizzazione e nelle
  condizioni di lavoro nonché nelle qualifiche dei
  lavoratori” (Successiva definizione UE).


                                                        5
Innovazione_Definizione 2
   Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that
   can be completely new or an enhancement to
   something that already exists; it is a refreshing
   perspective that will challenge many who just
   cannot see beyond what their own experience is
   telling them to think or do.

   Innovazione è qualcosa di nuovo che aggiunge
   valore; creatività è qualcosa di nuovo.

Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”




                                                                         6
Innovazioni Indotte
! Innovations respond to need and economic conditions.
  Inventors, investors, and researchers put effort into
  solving burning problems, and that leads to
  innovations.
   • Labor shortages led to mechanized equipment.
   • Drought conditions led to improved irrigation.
   • Energy crises led to higher efficiency cars.
   • Farmers’ cooperatives were established during
     periods of excessive low farm prices.
! Environmental regulations trigger cleaner technologies
  (es. Supply Chain Verde).


                                                     7
Fonte dell’Innovazione
The “functional” source of innovation depends upon the
functional relationship between innovator and innovation:
   quot; An Innovation is anything new that is actually used

     (“enters the marketplace”) – whether major or
     minor.
   quot; An innovation is a USER innovation when the

     developer expects to benefit by USING it;
   quot; An innovation is a MANUFACTURER innovation when

     the developer expects to benefit by SELLING it.



                                                      8
Tipi di Innovatori
! In the past most innovations were introduced by practitioners.
  Even now practitioners are important innovators. They
  identify a way to meet needs.
! The scientific discoveries of the late 19th century gave rise to
  science-based innovations (Edison, Bell, Marconi).
! Major companies (IBM, Sony, Bell, Kodak, GM) built their own
  research labs.
! Public sector labs made important environmental discoveries.
! Universities and start-up companies are becoming major
  sources of new innovations.
! The ownership of a technology and leadership in its
  applications move between organizations over time.


                                                                     9
Che cosa fanno gli Innovatori
 ! Collegano l’incollegabile
 ! Sognano, Sognano, Sognano
 ! Vedono oltre ciò che è visibile
 ! Aspettano l’inaspettabile
 ! Gradiscono le contraddizioni, rifuggono dalla coerenza
 ! Memento: Gli esperimenti non falliscono mai, la
   mente/ le idee sì.

Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”



                                                                        10
Divisione del Lavoro
! Basic research: Gain more comprehensive knowledge
  or understanding of the subject under study, without
  specific applications in mind. Conventionally
  conducted by universities.
! Applied research: Apply knowledge. Often conducted
  by industries.
! Educational-industrial complex: University research
  has led to the creation of new firms and even
  industries, brought old ones down, and, in general,
  profoundly impacted rates of innovation in the larger
  economy.


                                                      11
La “vera” Innovazione
! La vera Innovazione inizia all’intersezione tra
  invenzione e intuito
! Fonde nuovi sviluppi e nuovi approcci per risolvere
  problemi reali
! Genera significativo valore per la società o il business:
         Crea nuove industrie
     !

         Sprona produttività e crescita economica
     !

         Alimenta creazione di benessere e profitti
     !

         Genera lavori ad alto-valore
     !

         Alza gli standard di vita
     !

                   Stephen W.Brian, GPE, IBM Asia Pacific, 2004

                                                                  12
Categorie di Innovazione
Wheelem & Hunger 2008

                         Categorie di Innovazione
    Nuove
                           3                   4
                    Sviluppo nuove       Cambiamento
   Organizzative



                        Capacità         Rivoluzionario
     Capacità




                           1                     2
                    Miglioramento         Sfruttare Van-
                    Core Business        taggi Strategici
  Esistenti
                   Limitato                       Illimitato
                              Ambito Strategico

                                                               13
L’Innovazione che conta
   Innovazione di Prodotto         Innovazione di Servizio
    Innovazione di Prodotto         Innovazione di Servizio

  Innovazione nei processi di Business
   Innovazione nei processi di Business

                    Innovazione nel modello di Business
                     Innovazione nel modello di Business

Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le
 Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le

   Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT
    Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT

          Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano
           Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano

                                                        14
Expanding the Innovation Horizon


  To create something of value,
  the imagination must soar,
  unfettered, it must fly like a bird
  in search of new horizons.




                                        15
How to be an Innovative Organization
• Create a Strategic Vision
• Establish Innovation as a Priority
• Create Organizational Structures
  that Promote Collaboration
• Establish Processes to Convert
  Ideas to Innovations
• Allocate Resources
• Train Workforce on Creativity Tools
• Measure & Communicate Results
• Recognize Creative Behavior
• Reward Innovative Results
Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation”

                                                                        16
Innovazione Tecnologica
 Innovation is the entire process by which an organization
 generates creative new technological ideas (invention) and
 converts them into novel, useful and viable commercial
 products, services, and business practices for (potential)
 economic gain (A Working Definition)
 Who Cares?
      Top managers & entrepreneurs -“competitive advantage
  quot;
      lies in the ability to create an economy driven not by cost
      efficiencies but by ideas and intellectual know-how”(HBR
      2007)
      National Leaders -“economic growth comes from
  quot;
      effectively linking the twin powers of the competitive market
      & the scientific method”(Romer, 2004)

                                                                 17
The key innovation challenges
(BCG Survey 2006)




                                18
Obiettivi del Corso
“Innovazione & Imprenditorialità”
  Provide the industrial & strategic context for
  managing technological innovation (Introduzione)
  Analyze the foundations you need to design & build
  teams, organizations & strategies that are more
  effective at technological innovation (MODULES 1-3)
  Focus on how these challenges arise in established
  firms facing “disruption”(MODULE 4)
  Provide knowledge & skills to go into a firm and
  diagnoseits innovation challenges & to organize your
  own innovative projects (iTeams, eLab, 100k)


                                                    19
Organizzazione del corso
“Innovazione & Imprenditorialità”




                                    20
claudiog.casati@gmail.com

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2009 Innova Mod.0.01

  • 1. Innovazione & Imprenditorialità Definizione di Innovazione – tipologie di innovazioni Modulo 0.01 1
  • 2. Citazione raccomandata Se non altrimenti citato, il materiale è tratto dal corso: MIT OpenCourseWare | Sloan School of Management | 15.351 Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Spring 2008 Prof. Fiona Murray, course materials for 15. 351 Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Spring 2008, MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on 24 January 2009. 2
  • 3. Contenuti ! Definizione di Innovazione; Innovazione ! Introduzione al corso “Innovazione & Imprenditorialità” 3
  • 4. Definizione di Invenzione e Innovazione Invention: An object, process, or technique which displays an element of novelty. Innovation (Classic definitions - Wikipedia) include: the act of introducing something new: something quot; newly introduced (The American Heritage Dictionary). the successful exploitation of new ideas quot; (Department of Trade and Industry, UK). a creative idea that is realized (Frans Johansson, quot; Harvard Business School Press, 2004) 4
  • 5. Definizioni di Innovazione Innovazione: “mezzo per produrre, assimilare e sfruttare con successo la novità nei settori economici e sociale” (UE,COM 2003,112, Bruxelles, 11.3.2003). Innovazione: “il rinnovo e l’ampliamento della gamma dei prodotti e dei servizi, nonché dei mercati ad essi associati; l’attuazione di nuovi metodi di produzione, d’approvvigionamento e di distribuzione, l’introduzione di mutamenti nella gestione nell’organizzazione e nelle condizioni di lavoro nonché nelle qualifiche dei lavoratori” (Successiva definizione UE). 5
  • 6. Innovazione_Definizione 2 Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exists; it is a refreshing perspective that will challenge many who just cannot see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. Innovazione è qualcosa di nuovo che aggiunge valore; creatività è qualcosa di nuovo. Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation” 6
  • 7. Innovazioni Indotte ! Innovations respond to need and economic conditions. Inventors, investors, and researchers put effort into solving burning problems, and that leads to innovations. • Labor shortages led to mechanized equipment. • Drought conditions led to improved irrigation. • Energy crises led to higher efficiency cars. • Farmers’ cooperatives were established during periods of excessive low farm prices. ! Environmental regulations trigger cleaner technologies (es. Supply Chain Verde). 7
  • 8. Fonte dell’Innovazione The “functional” source of innovation depends upon the functional relationship between innovator and innovation: quot; An Innovation is anything new that is actually used (“enters the marketplace”) – whether major or minor. quot; An innovation is a USER innovation when the developer expects to benefit by USING it; quot; An innovation is a MANUFACTURER innovation when the developer expects to benefit by SELLING it. 8
  • 9. Tipi di Innovatori ! In the past most innovations were introduced by practitioners. Even now practitioners are important innovators. They identify a way to meet needs. ! The scientific discoveries of the late 19th century gave rise to science-based innovations (Edison, Bell, Marconi). ! Major companies (IBM, Sony, Bell, Kodak, GM) built their own research labs. ! Public sector labs made important environmental discoveries. ! Universities and start-up companies are becoming major sources of new innovations. ! The ownership of a technology and leadership in its applications move between organizations over time. 9
  • 10. Che cosa fanno gli Innovatori ! Collegano l’incollegabile ! Sognano, Sognano, Sognano ! Vedono oltre ciò che è visibile ! Aspettano l’inaspettabile ! Gradiscono le contraddizioni, rifuggono dalla coerenza ! Memento: Gli esperimenti non falliscono mai, la mente/ le idee sì. Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation” 10
  • 11. Divisione del Lavoro ! Basic research: Gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study, without specific applications in mind. Conventionally conducted by universities. ! Applied research: Apply knowledge. Often conducted by industries. ! Educational-industrial complex: University research has led to the creation of new firms and even industries, brought old ones down, and, in general, profoundly impacted rates of innovation in the larger economy. 11
  • 12. La “vera” Innovazione ! La vera Innovazione inizia all’intersezione tra invenzione e intuito ! Fonde nuovi sviluppi e nuovi approcci per risolvere problemi reali ! Genera significativo valore per la società o il business: Crea nuove industrie ! Sprona produttività e crescita economica ! Alimenta creazione di benessere e profitti ! Genera lavori ad alto-valore ! Alza gli standard di vita ! Stephen W.Brian, GPE, IBM Asia Pacific, 2004 12
  • 13. Categorie di Innovazione Wheelem & Hunger 2008 Categorie di Innovazione Nuove 3 4 Sviluppo nuove Cambiamento Organizzative Capacità Rivoluzionario Capacità 1 2 Miglioramento Sfruttare Van- Core Business taggi Strategici Esistenti Limitato Illimitato Ambito Strategico 13
  • 14. L’Innovazione che conta Innovazione di Prodotto Innovazione di Servizio Innovazione di Prodotto Innovazione di Servizio Innovazione nei processi di Business Innovazione nei processi di Business Innovazione nel modello di Business Innovazione nel modello di Business Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le Innovazione nei processi di management e nella cultura az.le Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT Innovazione nella infrastruttura ICT Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano Innovazione nella gestione del Capitale Umano 14
  • 15. Expanding the Innovation Horizon To create something of value, the imagination must soar, unfettered, it must fly like a bird in search of new horizons. 15
  • 16. How to be an Innovative Organization • Create a Strategic Vision • Establish Innovation as a Priority • Create Organizational Structures that Promote Collaboration • Establish Processes to Convert Ideas to Innovations • Allocate Resources • Train Workforce on Creativity Tools • Measure & Communicate Results • Recognize Creative Behavior • Reward Innovative Results Fonte: Dr.V.S.R.Krishnaiah, Sr.Technical Director, NIC, “Managing Innovation” 16
  • 17. Innovazione Tecnologica Innovation is the entire process by which an organization generates creative new technological ideas (invention) and converts them into novel, useful and viable commercial products, services, and business practices for (potential) economic gain (A Working Definition) Who Cares? Top managers & entrepreneurs -“competitive advantage quot; lies in the ability to create an economy driven not by cost efficiencies but by ideas and intellectual know-how”(HBR 2007) National Leaders -“economic growth comes from quot; effectively linking the twin powers of the competitive market & the scientific method”(Romer, 2004) 17
  • 18. The key innovation challenges (BCG Survey 2006) 18
  • 19. Obiettivi del Corso “Innovazione & Imprenditorialità” Provide the industrial & strategic context for managing technological innovation (Introduzione) Analyze the foundations you need to design & build teams, organizations & strategies that are more effective at technological innovation (MODULES 1-3) Focus on how these challenges arise in established firms facing “disruption”(MODULE 4) Provide knowledge & skills to go into a firm and diagnoseits innovation challenges & to organize your own innovative projects (iTeams, eLab, 100k) 19
  • 20. Organizzazione del corso “Innovazione & Imprenditorialità” 20