1. Quality Circle
SAIKAT GHOSH
SR MGR(TQM)

2. Quality Circle
• A Quality Circle is a volunteer group composed
of workers (or even students)
• usually under the leadership of their supervisor
(but they can elect a team leader)
• who are trained to identify, analyse and solve
work-related problems
• and present their solutions to management
• in order to improve the performance of the
organization
• and motivate and enrich the work of employees

3. • When matured, true quality circles become self-
managing, having gained the confidence of management
• . Quality circles are an alternative to the dehumanising
concept of the Division of Labour, where workers or
individuals are treated like robots
• They bring back the concept of Craftsmanship, which
when operated on an individual basis is uneconomic
• but when used in group form (as is the case with Quality
Circles), it can be devastatingly powerful
• and enables the enrichment of the lives of the workers or
students and creates harmony and high performance in
the workplace

4. • Their name Quality Circles received from PDSA
circles of Dr. W.Edward Deming. Quality circles
were first established in Japan in 1962
• Kaoru Ishikawa has been credited with their
creation. The movement in Japan was coordinated
by the Japanese Union of Scientists and
Engineers (JUSE).
• The first circles were established at the Nippon
Wireless and Telegraph Company but then spread
to more than 32 other companies in the first year
• By 1978 it was claimed that there were more
than one million Quality Circles involving some 10
million Japanese workers

5. CONTOL CHART
• The control chart, also known as the
Shewhart chart or process-behaviour
chart
• in statistical process control is a tool
used to determine whether a
manufacturing or business process is in a
state of statistical control or not.

6. The control chart
• is one of the seven basic tools of quality
control along with
• the histogram
• Pareto chart, check sheet
• cause-and-effect diagram
• flowchart
• scatter diagram).

7. The control chart
• was invented by Walter A. Shewhart
• while working for Bell Labs in the 1920s

9. HISTOGRAM
• In statistics, a histogram is a graphical
display of tabulated frequencies
• shown as bars
• It shows what proportion of cases fall into
each of several categories
• it is a form of data binning.

10. Histograms
• are used to plot density of data
• and often for density estimation estimating the
probability density function of the underlying
variable
• The total area of a histogram always equals 1
• If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are
all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative
frequency plot.

12. FISH-BONE DIAGRAM
• Ishikawa diagrams
• also called fishbone diagrams
• or cause-and-effect diagrams
• are diagrams that show the causes of a certain
event.
• Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention
• to identify potential factors causing an overall
effect.

13. Ishikawa diagrams
• Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru
Ishikawa[1] in the 1960s
• who pioneered quality management
processes in the Kawasaki shipyards
• and in the process became one of the
founding fathers of modern management.

14. fishbone diagram
• It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of
the seven basic tools of quality management
• along with the histogram
• Pareto chart
• check sheet
• control chart
• flowchart
• and scatter diagram
• It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape,
similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.

15. The original 4 M's
• Machine (Equipment)
• Method (Process/Inspection)
• Material (Raw,Consumables etc.)
• Man

17. More categories
• Mother Nature (Environment)
• Man Power (physical work)
• Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions
• Measurement (Inspection)
• Maintenance
• Money Power
• Management

18. The 8 P's (Used In Service
Industry)
• People
• Process
• Policies
• Procedures
• Price
• Promotion
• Place/Plant
• Product

19. The 4 S's (Used In Service Industry)
• Surroundings
• Suppliers
• Systems
• Skills

20. Pareto chart
• A Pareto chart is a type of chart which
contains both bars and a line graph
• The bars display the values in descending
order
• and the line graph shows the cumulative
totals of each category, left to right.
• The chart was named for Vilfredo Pareto.

22. A simple flowchart
• A flowchart is a common type of chart, that
represents an algorithm or process
• showing the steps as boxes of various kinds
• and their order by connecting these with
arrows.
• Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing,
documenting or managing a process or program
in various fields.[1]

24. flow process chart
• The first structured method for documenting
process flow, the "flow process chart", was
introduced by Frank Gilbreth
• to members of ASME in 1921 as the
presentation “Process Charts
• First Steps in Finding the One Best Way.
Gilbreth's tools quickly found their way into
industrial engineering curricula.

25. flow process chart
• In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer,
Allan H. Mogensen began training business
people
• in the use of some of the tools of
industrial engineering
• at his Work Simplification Conferences in
Lake Placid, New York.

26. flow process chart
• Douglas Hartree explains that Herman
Goldstine and John von Neumann
• developed the flow chart (originally,
diagram) to plan computer programs.[
• 2] His contemporary account is endorsed
by IBM engineers[3] and by Goldstine's
personal recollections.[4]

27. TYPES
• [9] More recently Mark A. Fryman (2001) stated
that there are more differences
• . Decision flowcharts
• logic flowcharts
• systems flowcharts
• product flowcharts
• and process flowcharts
• are "just a few of the different types of
flowcharts that are used in business and
government.[10]

28. scatter plot
• A scatter plot is a type of display using
Cartesian coordinates to display values for two
variables for a set of data.
• The data is displayed as a collection of points
• each having the value of one variable
determining the position on the horizontal axis
• and the value of the other variable determining
the position on the vertical axis
• [2] A scatter plot is also called a scatter chart,
scatter diagram and scatter graph.