2. Nutrition The process which animals consume and utilize food. Feed efficiency= rate of gain To insure proper nutrition the feed must also have proper nutrients to support the life processes of the animal. The diet must also provide a balanced ration Balanced ration- Total amount of feed an animal gets in a 24-hour period
4. Importance Needed to insure life Provide lots of energy Without all 6: problems in reproduction, lactation, body mass, and maturity can occur
5. water THIS IS SUPER IMPORTANT to EVERY diet! Helps dissolve and carry nutrients the animal eats Helps control body temperature Helps chemical reactions take place Animal bodies are made up of 40%-80% of water
6. carbohydrates Provide ENERGY for body cells which powers muscular movements like heartbeat, walking, breathing, and digestive contractions. Produce the body heat to keep the animal warm. Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat Simple Carbs= sugars and starches (easily digested) Complex Carbs= cellulose and fiber (more difficult to digest)
7. Lipids and fats Provide energy and body heat Carry the fat-soluble vitamins in the feed Has 2.5 times the energy value of carbs Easily digested by animals Comes from veggie and animal sources Feeds contain 1%-5% fat
8. Protein Supply material to build body tissue Essential for fetal development Needed for hair, hooves, skin, internal organs, and muscles There are 10 amino acids essential for swine and 4 for poultry 13 nonessential are needed by animals, but are synthesized in the body from other amino acids(ruminants) Monogastric have to get amino acids in their feed
9. minerals Provide material for bone, teeth, and tissue growth Aid in muscular activity, reproduction, digestion, repair and formation of tissue, and release of energy for body heat Major minerals= those needed in large amounts Trace minerals= needed in small amounts Lack of minerals leads to deficiency All minerals are inorganic
10. vitamins Aids in disease resistance Carries out body functions Fat soluble= vitamin A, D, E, K Water soluble= vitamin C, B *Needed only in very small amounts All vitamins are organic
12. maintenance Keep em just the way they are Diet consists of high in carbs and fats, but low in protein, vitamins, and minerals Dogs and cats that are matured are usually on this diet
13. Growth Increasing the size of muscles, organs, and bones Diet consists of protein, minerals, and vitamins Usually not matured animals are on this diet such as dairy heifers and weight gaining animals
14. reproduction Breeding stage or when animal is pregnant Diet consists of vitamins, minerals, and protein Examples of animals on reproductive diet is any pregnant animal
15. lactation Mammals with a baby (nursing) Diet consists of fats, proteins, calcium, and phosphorus Examples of animals lactating are those producing eggs and milk
16. work Animals used for labor Diet consists of salt, water, carbs, minerals, vitamins Examples of these animals include a mule, donkey, or a horse
