2. What is Technology?
Technology is comprised of the products and processes created
by engineers to meet our needs and wants.
3. Technology vs. Science
Technology
– Study of our human-made
world.
– Deals with “what can be”.
Science
– Study of our natural world.
– Deals with “what is”.
4. How Does Technology Address
Human Needs and Wants?
Transportation
Technology
Medical
Manufacturing
&
Construction
Bio-Related and
Agriculture
Nanotechnology
Information Communication
Energy and
Power
Environmental
6. Impacts of Information Technology
POSITIVE
IMPACTS
NEGATIVE
IMPACTS
INTERNET –
Information is
stored for easy
access
INTERNET – Harder
to distinguish between
reliable and unreliable
sources
8. Impacts of Communication Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
DIGITAL
CAMERAS Allow
you to edit and print
only the pictures you
like
COMPUTERS,
PRINTERS, &
DIGITAL CAMERAS
Make forgery and
plagiarism easier
9. Bio-related and Agricultural Technology
Biotechnology transforms living things into
products or new forms of life.
Examples:
Genetic engineering, bionics.
Agricultural Technology produces plants and animals for
food, fiber, and fuel.
Examples: Irrigation, food preservation, weed and
insect control.
Both deal with living things:
Plants, animals, and people
DNA Replication image
from the Human
Genome Project
10. Impacts of Bio-Related Technology
POSITIVE
IMPACTS
NEGATIVE
IMPACTS
HEALTH –
Improves quality
of life, vitamins,
vaccines,
medications.
HEALTH – Side
effects of some
medications –
nausea, shortness
of breath, etc.
11. Impacts of Agricultural Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
FERTILIZERS– can
make plants produce
more food per acre.
FERTILIZERS– have
found their way into ground
water, polluting good
drinking water.
13. Impacts of Medical Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
X-RAYS – Make it
easier to diagnose
injuries
X-RAYS – Too many
x-rays can cause
cancer.
14. Environmental Technology
Environmental Technology creates tools to minimize the
effect of technology on the development of living things.
Example’s: Hybrid vehicles, conservation, waste
management (recycling)
15. Impacts of Environmental Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
RECYCLING –
Improves water and air
quality
RECYCLING –
Disposal of garbage is
more complicated and
time consuming
17. Manufacturing
changes natural or synthetic
materials into usable products.
Examples: Clothing, vehicles,
food
Construction Technology
builds structures that support loads
and protect us from the
environment.
Examples: House, bridge, roads
Production Technology
18. Impacts of Production Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
MANUFACTURING – MANUFACTURING –
CONSTRUCTION – CONSTRUCTION –
New products help to make
our life easier and increase
leisure time.
Many industries use
materials that can harm the
environment.
Provides shelter, improves
roads, creates employment
opportunities.
Noise and debris, traffic
problems, accidents and
injuries.
19. The development of materials with outstanding
combinations of mechanical, chemical, and
electrical properties that make other
advances possible.
Examples: Mosquito repellent clothing,
artificial skin grafts for burn victims.
Materials Technology
20. Impacts of Materials Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
NEW MATERIALS –
able to reuse recycled
materials to help the
environment
NEW MATERIALS –
don’t know how the
materials will behave
over long periods of
time.
21. Transportation Technology
Transportation Technology Provides a
way for people, animals, products, and
materials to be moved from one place to
the next.
Examples: Flight – Airplane, rocket,
space shuttle Land – Train, subway,
automobile, bicycle Water –
Commercial, cruise ships
Non-vehicle – Conveyor belts, pipelines
22. Impacts of Transportation Technology
POSITIVE
IMPACTS
NEGATIVE
IMPACTS
Traveling long
distances faster
Accidents
23. Energy and Power Technology
Energy is the ability or capacity to do work.
Examples:
Chemical Energy Gasoline
Mechanical Energy Motion
Thermal Energy Steam
Electrical Energy Electricity
Radiant Energy Light
24. Energy and Power Technology
Power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to
another.
Examples:
Electrical power – provides light and operates motors
Mechanical power – moves automobiles, trains, and airplanes
Fluid power – uses fluids to produce motion
Hydraulic – uses a liquid
Pneumatic – uses a gas
25. Impacts of Energy and Power Technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
Without energy and
power, most technologies
would not exist or work
Overuse of nonrenewable
resources
27. Impacts of Nanotechnology
POSITIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS
IMPLANTED SENSORS IMPLANTED SENSORS
Continuously sense and
adjust medical treatment
Impede privacy
28.
29. Learning Objectives
• The negative effects of screen time on children’s social-
emotional and cognitive development.
• The health implication of too much screen time in young
children.
• The importance of real life experiences and face-to-face
interactions to the overall development of young children.
31. Language Delay
In children under 3, the use of screen media is linked to a
delay in language acquisition. Research shows that adolescents that
watched 1 additional hour of television each day as toddlers have
lower math scores and poorer school achievement.
32. Fast-Paced Television
• Research shows that just 20
minutes of a fast-paced,
animated show can negatively
impact executive functioning
skills in young children.
• Executive functioning skills
include attention span,
delaying gratification, self-
regulation, and problem
solving.
34. TV and Sleep Problems
• Studies have shown that a greater
amount of TV time watched per
day is associated with and
increase in both irregular naptime
and bedtime schedules.
• The same study showed that the
amount of TV viewed overall by
children during bedtime had a
heavy association with sleep
disturbances.
• The areas of sleep that appeared to
be most impacted were: resistance
to bedtime, later bedtimes, anxiety
around sleep and less overall
sleep.
35. Excessive Screen Time & the Brain
• Research states there has been shrinkage in the part of the brain
(gray matter) where processing occurs when there is a
internet/gaming addiction.
• Studies show that when video games are being played, the brain
produces a natural substance called dopamine which your body
craves. The changes in the brain caused by this release of
dopamine are similar to what happens when a person craves
drugs.
• With that said, immoderate amounts of screen-time appear to
damage brain structure and function.
37. The research is clear: infants, toddlers,
and young children learn best through
interactions with the people in their
environment when all of their senses
are in use.
Real world, hands-on activities such as
gardening, cooking and woodworking
support children’s creative play where-
as screen-time eliminates creativity.
In early childhood, the developing brain
benefits the most when children are
talked to, read to, and played with.
Children enjoy when they are given
opportunities to engage meaningfully
with the adults and peers in their
surroundings.
38. Books are Best!
• “Nothing stimulates the intellect like
a good book” –Richard Lewis, UK
• Books require children to use their
imaginations more than electronic
devices.
• E-readers and other devices distance
young children from the real-world
whereas books provide children with
hands-on experience.
• Paper books allow children to stay
engaged with a story more than
devices because devices have
buttons to push and games to play.
39. Importance of Hands-On, Creative Play
• Caregivers are more likely to provide more physically active
experiences and plenty of time for child initiated play when screen-
time is not an option.
• Children are lacking fine motor development in their hands when
they start school due to more time spent with screens and less time
spent utilizing their bodies in meaningful ways.
• Open-ended hands-on exploration and play fosters experiences for
children to develop their creativity and problem solving skills.
• Digital technologies limit opportunities for children to engage their
curiosities because of the parameters that are already set with
technological devices.
Notas del editor
Human innovation in action!
People have to need it – people have to want it – in order for technology to happen.
When we study Science, we look at it in different subject areas.
Earth Science
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Astronomy
Meteorology
Other specialty areas such as Quantum Physics and Computer Science
Just like with science, when we study technology we look at it in the following categories
These forms of technology will be discussed throughout the presentation.
Information Technology is the process of gathering and storing data to be used in various forms.
Provides streamlined access to vast sources of information
Allows us to produce more accurate forms of communication
Includes expanded resource choices
Enables us to retrieve data in seconds
Impacts slides will provide one positive and one negative example. There should be a class discussion about how other technologies impact the student, school, community, world, etc.
COMPUTERS – Use of a computer to easily gather and store data
OBSCELENCE –Machines must be maintained and upgraded
Yellow Pages book compared to finding phone numbers on line – or stored in the memory of a phone.
Communication Technology is a process of giving or exchanging information.
Provides streamlined publishing techniques and allows us to produce more accurate drawings
Includes expanded entertainment choices
Enables us to contact people thousands of miles away
CAD – Using a computer to generate more accurate drawings in a shorter period of time
PAPER USAGE – People tend to create and print more documents
Bio-related Technology
Pharmaceuticals
Artificial limbs
Genetic engineering
Hydroponics
Imaging devices
Cardiovascular devices
Ethics
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the great feats of exploration in history. The HGP gave us the ability to, for the first time, to read nature's complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.
Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses. Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering. Biotechnology provides farmers with tools that can make production cheaper and more manageable. For example, some biotechnology crops can be engineered to tolerate specific herbicides, which makes weed control simpler and more efficient. Other crops have been engineered to be resistant to specific plant diseases and insect pests, which can make pest control more reliable and effective, and/or can decrease the use of synthetic pesticides. These crop production options can help countries keep pace with demands for food while reducing production costs. Advances in biotechnology may provide consumers with foods that are nutritionally-enriched or longer-lasting, or that contain lower levels of certain naturally occurring toxicants present in some food plants. Developers are using biotechnology to try to reduce saturated fats in cooking oils, reduce allergens in foods, and increase disease-fighting nutrients in foods. They are also researching ways to use genetically engineered crops in the production of new medicines, which may lead to a new plant-made pharmaceutical industry that could reduce the costs of production using a sustainable resource. http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&navid=AGRICULTURE&contentid=BiotechnologyFAQs.xml
DISEASE – Research on controlling and eliminating diseases
DISEASE – Not all cultures embrace use of vaccines and thus disease spreads
FOOD – More variety, healthier choices, processed so that it is safe and tastes good
GENTICALLY ALTERED CROPS – Potential for weeds and insects to mutate and become resistant
Environmental Technology is study of processes to control waste, soil erosion, reducing sediment in waterways, conserving water, and improving water quality.
DISEASE – Reduces chance of disease from pollution and chemicals
Natural (found in nature) or Synthetic (human-made)
Examples of Manufacturing Technology: Clothing, entertainment devices, automobiles, chemical products, lumber, steel, food
Examples of Construction Technology: Houses, high-rise buildings, bridges, roads, dams, schools
Decking - Recycled plastic and saw dust to make simulated wood deck materials
Car bodies can be made from plastic instead of metal. The B-2 bomber uses high tech composites to achieve its stealth capabilities.
The materials that form a composite are not changed. They work together to create a new material with desirable qualities.
Materials technology enables us to design durable construction components. The ability to design and adopt better-performing, energy-saving, cost-efficient materials with known durability characteristics is key to our construction industries future.
Traveling long distances faster
Use of energy, pollution
Technological products and systems need energy to function.
The availability of energy often determines the development of technology.
In the last slide, we stated that energy is the capacity to do work. In this definition, we are referring to potential energy.
Once we have potential energy, we put it to use by converting it into kinetic energy.
We have power when we can apply kinetic energy over a period of time to do work.
Power makes work easier.
Burning fossil fuels causes greenhouse gases associated with global warming.
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale (1-100 nanometers), and exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, electrical...) at that length scale. For comparison, 10 nanometers is 1000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. A scientific and technical revolution has just begun based upon the ability to systematically organize and manipulate matter at nanoscale. http://www.ipt.arc.nasa.gov/nanotechnology.html
MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING – Faster diagnosis of diseases
MOLECULAR MANUFACTURING – Weapons and surveillance devices can be made small, cheap, and powerful.
Because screen time is a fact
of life for millions of American children these days, it is important
that families and caregivers are aware of the impacts of screen time
on the development of children and that they limit screen time and
increase children's interactions with their 3-D environments,
families and peers.
On any given day….
29% of babies under 1 year watch TV and videos for an average of 90 minutes.
64% of children 12-24 months watch TV and videos averaging just over 2 hours.
1- Areas affected include the frontal lobe where executive functioning happens as well as impulse control. Volume loss was also seen in the striatum, which is involved in reward pathways and the suppression of socially unacceptable impulses. A finding of particular concern was damage to an area known is the insula, which is involved in our capacity to develop empathy and compassion for others and our ability to integrate physical signals with emotion. Aside from the obvious link to violent behavior, these skills dictate the depth and quality of personal relationships.
2-translates into loss of communication within the brain, including connections to and from various lobes of the same hemisphere, links between the right and left hemispheres, and paths between higher (cognitive) and lower (emotional and survival) brain centers. White matter also connects networks from the brain to the body and vice versa. Interrupted connections may slow down signals, “short-circuit” them, or cause them to be erratic (“misfire”).
3-Much of the damage occurs in the brain’s frontal lobe, which undergoes massive changes from puberty until the mid-twenties. Frontal lobe development, in turn, largely determines success in every area of life—from sense of well-being to academic or career success to relationship skills. Use this research to strengthen your own parental position on screen management, and to convince others to do the same.
Promoting creative play is the most effective way to engage children in their 3-D environment and influence their learning and behavior.
Kids lose the tactile experiences of handling a traditional book, turning pages, or sharing their favorites with friends.
Real books give children and adults more opportunities to build relationships. Research shows that with devices, parents tend to be more controlling and worried about what their children are doing rather reading the story and staying engaged.
According to one elementary school principal, he has hired an occupational therapist to work with all of his students to improve the motor development of the hands so that young children can do things like hold scissors or complete arts/crafts which then leads to the development of the ability to write.
Research shows that as a society, our creativity is declining and yet a Global survey of 1500 CEO’s names creativity as the number one attribute for leadership.