Skema Program Perlindungan Sosial di Indonesia

1. Recent Development on Social
Protection Policy and Programs
viviyulaswati@bappenas.go.id
Director for Social Protection and Welfare, Bappenas
Workshop for Capacity Building on “Poverty and Social Protection”
Jakarta, May 9th, 2012
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2. Outline
• Where are we now? Some basis, current schemes, and
challenges
• Where do we want to go?
 Vision in long-medium term
 SP Transformation
• How are we going to go?
 From poverty to vulnerability focus
 Universal coverage in stages
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3. WHERE ARE WE NOW?
THE BASIS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICY
 Constitution (UUD 1945 and its amendment: article 28, 28H, and 34)
 Law No. 4/1979 on Children Welfare
 Law No. 3/1997 on Court for Children
 Law No. 4/1997 on Disabilities
 Law No. 13/1998 on Old Age Welfare
 Law No. 23/2002 on Child Protection
 Law No. 21/2007 on Elimination of Human Trafficking;
 Law No. 11/2009 on Social Welfare
 Law No. 13/2011 on Services for the Poor
 Law No. 19/2011 on Ratification of Convention on People with Disabilities
 Law No. 40/2004 on National Social Security System/SJSN (about participation, size of fee and
benefit, implementation mechanism, and institution)
 Law No. 24/2011 ttg Social Security Institution/BPJS (about institution of UHC and Labor)
 Gov’t Regulation No. 22/1988 on Social Welfare for Children with adversity
 Gov’t Regulation No. 22/1988 on Social Welfare for Disabilities
 Gov’t Regulation No. 73/1991 on Education out of School
 Presidential Decree No. 36/1990 on Ratification for Children’s Right Convention
 Presidential Decree No. 59/2002 on Elimination of Children in Hazardous Works
 Presidential Instruction No. 1/2010 on the Acceleration of National Development Priorities
 Presidential Instruction No. 3/2010 on Fair and Just Development
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 And many others of the elaboration the above regulations Presidential

4. CURRENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SCHEME
Social Q5Social Assistance
Q5 Insurance
•Pension.
Q4
Cluster 3
•Old Age Security.
Cluster 2
Q3 •Health. National
Credit
Program on
Facility to
Cluster 1 SMEs
•Work Injury. Community
•Scholarship for the poor Empowerment
Q2 •Subsidized Rice. (PNPM):
•Death. •CCT (for the poorest) Urban, rural, rural
•Disabled infrastructure, less-
•Children with adversity
Q1 •Neglected old ages
developed regions
•Indigenous communities
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5. Social Insurance
Civil Servants
Scheme Private Employees
Military & Police Non-Military
1. Work Injury 1. Old Age Benefit 1. Work Injury
2. Pension 2. Pension 2. Old Age Benefit
Program
3. Health Care 3. Health Insurance 3. Health Insurance
4. Death Benefit
500,000 4,100,000 8,000,000
Active Member (0.5% of total (4.3% of total (7.4% of total
workforce) workforce) workforce)
Notes: many (informal) workers rely on kin-based support system – family, neighbors, or
hometown-based groups in urban areas for assistance in cash or in-kind
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6. THE PROGRESS OF INDONESIA’S CCT-PKH
 PKH is one example of a new generation of social assistance programs that incorporates support
system, ie. MIS, facilitators, supply readiness, and build-in evaluation from the beginning of the
program.
 The evaluation showed that the program has increased 10% beneficiaries’ monthly expenditure
by spending on higher protein foods and health cost, positive impact on children’s health
quality, and has spill-over effect to neighboring households that didn’t receive cash transfer.
Indicators 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
No. of HH
620.755 726.000 772.000 1.116.000 1.516.000
beneficiaries
No. of Province 13 13 20 25 33
No. of Districts 70 70 88 118 166
No. of Sub-district 629 729 954 1.262 1.551
No. of facilitators 2.469 3.069 3.669 5.069 7.069
Rp. 1,006 Rp. 1,1 Rp. 1,3 Rp. 1,61 Rp. 2,08
Budget
Triliun Triliun Triliun Triliun Triliun
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7. Some National Programs on Child Protection
No Programs Indicators Target
2013 2014 2015 2016
1 Program Keluarga Harapan Very poor households 2.400.000 3.000.000 2.766.000 2.766.000
(PKH) receiving conditional
cash transfer.
2 Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Children receiving 2.460 2.460 1.949 2.211
Anak (PKSA) youth saving accounts
and counselling.
3 Perlindungan Pekerja Child workers 11.000 12.500 12.500 12.500
Perempuan dan Penghapusan withdrawn from
Pekerja Anak – Protection of working place and
Female Workers and Child receiving education or
Labor Elimination acquiring skills.
4 Pelayanan, Perlindungan, dan Children (neglected, 169.461 169.461 134.262 152.329
Rehabilitasi Anak (Dalam dan disabled, and law
Luar Panti) problems) who receive
special treatment
inside/outside nursing
institution (panti)
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8. Variability of Child’s Problems
Child Problems Units 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009
Neglected Infant childs 1.178.824 1.138.126 618.296 303.629 1.186.941
Neglected Children childs 3.488.309 3.308.642 2.815.393 2.367.693 3.176.462
Disabled Children childs 367.520 365.868 295.763 n.a. n.a.
Delinquent childs 193.155 189.075 228.851 201.653 155.444
Street Children childs 94.674 98.113 144.889 107.778 83.776
Source: Pusdatin Kemensos
Law No.23/2002 on Child Protection, article 59 stated that specific treatment
Poor Children Population should be given to children:
1. In emergency situation (refugee of conflict, natural disaster, war)
Near Poor 4.634.390 2. Having problem with law
3. Of minority and isolated group
4. Exposed by economic/sexual abused
Poor 9.174.977 5. Human trafficking, kidnapping, abduction
6. Narcotics, alcohol, psichotropic and other adictives (napza)
Poorest 7.487.153 7. Phisical and/or mentally abused
8. Abandontment/misconduct
Source: PPLS 2008 9. Disability
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9. Social Assistance Expenditure
Social Assistance Budget of MoSA (2009)
2011 Annual
Categories Expenditure (IDR) %
Assistance for Elderly 101.114.400.000 0,37%
Health Assistance (Jamkesmas) 5.100.000.000.000 18,85%
Child Protection 287.127.300.000 1,06%
Disaster Assistance and Relief 429.040.000.000 1,59%
Other Social Assistance
(disability, old age benefits) 358.890.800.000 1,33%
Rice for the Poor (Raskin) 15.267.000.000.000 56,43%
Scholarship for the Poor 3.900.000.000.000 14,42%
Conditional Cash Transfer (PKH) 1.610.000.000.000 5,95%
All Social Assistance 27.053.172.500.000,0 100,00%
Share to State Budget (APBN) 1.320.751.300.000.000 2,05%
Share to GDP 7.226.900.000.000.000 0,37%
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10. Evaluation on Child Protection Programs
• Evaluation of Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (PKSA)
shows that improvements are needed*:
– More effective targeting;
– strong integrated baseline information,
– monitoring and evaluation system;
– professional social workers to support families;
– efficient dissemination and complaint handling;
– better coordination among several responsible ministries.
• PKH needs improvement on increasing the benefit level and
delivery schedule of the cost-effective program**. Scaling
up is necessary to reach all chronically poor households
and the collection of programs that target marginalized
populations.
*) Results from Bappenas-Puska PA UI study (2011)
**) Excerpts from World Bank SAPER report (2012) 10

11. Existing Health Protection in Indonesia (63%)
PRIVATE
SCHEMES ASKES JAMSOSTEK JAMKESMAS JAMKESDA SELF-INSURED INSURANCE
STARTED 1984 1992 2005 2006-2007
Mid to Large
Enterprises with
Civil Servants & Formal Workers & Very Poor, Poor & Non-Quota Poor more than 250 Mid to Large
WHO ? Families, Pensions Families Near Poor Population employees Enterprises
Local Government
Social Social Selected diseases Initiatives,
cover all population: 4 out of 33
Notes Insurance Insurance Leukemia, Provinces, it covers
Thalasemia, all of uninsured
Maternity Care population
TOTAL 36 million when it
POPULATION was started,
COVERAGE expand to 76.4
(2010) 16.4 million 5.5 million million in 2008 32 million 10 million 5 million
Contribution –
% salary paid by Contribution –
FINANCING Employer + % salary paid by Central Government Local Government Contribution from Contribution from
SOURCES Employees Employers Subsidy Subsidy Employers Employers
TOTAL PREMIUM
COLLECTED USD 634.02 USD 102.93 USD 565.22 USD 195.65 USD 2,492.39 USD 279.34
(2010) million *) million *) million *) million million **) million **)
USD 0.60 - USD 10.00 -
PMPM (2010) USD 3.26 USD 1.96 USD 0.65 USD 3.50 USD 20.77 USD 75.00
*) TNP2K, “Jaminan Kesehatan, 2010"
**) National Health Account Estimation for 2010, Ministry of Health

12. PARTICIPATION OF FORMAL WORKER IN HEALTH INSURANCE
Formal
Workers
± 25,000.000 workers
 Main characteristics are
workers in small firms
Jamsostek
and has small number of
Participants workers.
7,689, 444 workers
 Need socialization for
16.147.832 family member
(assumption: family ratio 2.1) health insurance
 Needs data of workers
and their families
Health
insurance
participants
 Only 25% of workers and
2,567, 671 workers
5.884.528 family members 41,3% of firms under
Jamsostek that has health
insurance
 Will be transformed into
BPJS 1 (Health)
automatically by January
1,2014 12

13. BASIC HEALTH PROTECTION – CURRENT SITUATION
JAMKESMAS JAMKESDA JAMSOSTEK ASKES
Poor Unemployed Informal workers Private formal workers Gov’ employees
(PNS/TNI/Polri)
Gov’t subsidy for
Premium Worker’s contribution
Except Jamkesmas, benefit schemes are vary, relatively low, and patchy Benefit scheme is higher and more comprehensive
Fragmented coverage of protection: participation, benefit
scheme, program
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14. THE CHALLENGES
• Big gap between laws and the implementation
– Fragmented and scattered programs
– Administrative feasibility (corruption, capacity, costs, transparency)
– Weak coordination and no sharing agenda between ministries as well as local
governments.
• A large number of people remain excluded from the existing
scheme.
– Low and unequal access to SP, many are particularly vulnerable groups (including
disabled children/with special needs).
– Difference in database (no single format of reporting, scattered/unintegrated
database), targeting and performance measurement
• Unclear role and responsibity of stakeholders
– Under decentralization, local government is important to synergize among
sectors and information
– Political support and public attitudes
– Affordability (% of GDP, % of public spending)
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15. WHERE DO WE WANT TO GO?
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16. VISION 2025
• The vision of national development
until 2025 (Law No. 17) is to “Create
nation that is self-sufficient,
advanced, just, and prosperous”
• With assumption real growth 7-8% per
annum starting 2013, GDP in 2025 will
be around US$ 3.76 – 4.47 billion.
• With population projection around
293 million people, it is estimated GDP
per capita will be around US$ 12.855 –
16.160.
• Based on Goldmann Sachs &
Economist projection, Indonesia’s GDP
in 2050 will be more than US$ 26.000
billion and will be one of important
world economics.
“Build Indonesia to be a country among the 10th big
global economies in 2030 and among 6th big economies
in 2050 through ”High Inclusive and Sustainable
Acceleration and Expansion of Inclusive
Economic Growth to Improve The People’s Growth”
Welfare 16

17. THE MASTER PLANS – COMPLEMENTARY BETWEEN
MP3EI AND MP3KI
LONG-TERM NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
MEDIUM-TERM NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Primary Strategy: Pro-Growth, Pro-Job, Pro-Poor, Pro-Environment
MP3EI MP3KI
Objective : Growth with Equity Objective : Accelerated Poverty Reduction
Target : GDP/Capita 2025  USD 13.000-16.000 Target : Poverty Rate 2025 : 4-5% , Employment
Approach : Increase in value added of commodity- Opportunities, Gini Coefficient.
based flagship areas involving
Approach : improve people’s welfare through synergies
government, state-owned enterprises, among poverty reduction programs and P4
and private sector. (Public-Private-People Partnership)
Strategy: 3 pillars 
Strategy : (a) Comprehensive social protection System, (b)
1) Determining 6 Economic Development Corridors,
basic needs and services, (c) community empowerment, (d)
2) Strengthening National Connectivity;
access to capital, market, extention to services & networks
3) Enhancing HRD and R&D capability
Documents: Documents:
1. National Connectivity Action Plan 1. National Action Plan on Accelerated Poverty Reduction
2. Government Work Plan (RKP) 2. Improved Poverty Reduction Program Designs
3. ... 3. Road maps transformation of Social Security Institutions
Quick wins: ground breaking investment
Quick wins: launching the implementation of 4 cluster
government, state-owned enterprises, and private
programs PK in various chosen locations
sector in corridors
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18. Transformation Scenario of Social Protection
Poverty Rate PDB/capita (US$)
Outlook Poverty 14.963
and Economic 10,5-11,5 %
Target Poverty Line
8-10% (thousand Rp)
Notes:
10.278
Elasticity 0,243
1. PDB/Capita: MP3EI target 686
2. Poverty rate: RPJP target 6.097 6-7%
3. Poverty lines tend to
increase 3.729 0,083 467 4-5%
4. The elasticity of poverty
level to GDP/capita growth 0,045
is decreasing 318 0,023
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2012 2015 2020 2025
EXISTING POVERTY SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS
Strategic Program
REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Social Insurance:
Poverty Reduction  Health Insurance
Cluster I
 Life Insurance
Strategy Social Assistance and Insurance
 Old Age Savings
 Pension
Cluster II TRANSFORMATION  Work accident insurance
Social Empowerment
Social Assistance:
Cluster III  Food stamps
Small and Medium Enterprises  Temporary shelter
 Beasiswa miskin
Cluster IV ...
“Pro-Rakyat” Program
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD
Community Empowerment , extention to service, network, financial, market Access
10 % lowest
30 % lowest 20 % lowest
Target Group poor households, vulnerables
(PPLS 2014/2017) (PPLS 2017/2020)
(PPLS 2023)
(40 % lowest PPLS 2011)
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19. Social Protection System Framework
Objectives
Preventing people from falling Protecting the poor and the Promotive - support Transformative - to address
into (further) poverty and vulnerable from risks and investment, enhance income concerns of social equity and
vulnerabilities mitigating the pressures & capabilities exclusion
Risks and Vulnerabilities
Individual Life Cycle: Economic: Social: Environment:
Hunger and malnutrition, Unemployment, social disaster, neglected, natural disasters, drought,
injury, illness, disability, old underemployment, low and housing insecurity, land flood, fire, man-made
age, death. irregular incomes, economic tenure. disaster.
crises.
Strategies
Social Insurance Social Welfare Labour Market Program Social Safety Nets
• Health Insurance • Basic social services • Employment generation • Emergency assistance
• Minimum Guaranteed • Cash transfer (conditional) • Skills development and • Price subsidies
Income and in-kind assistance training • Food subsidies
• Crop Insurance • Capacity building • Labour and trade • Emergency employment
• Supporting program policies • Retraining and emergency
(targeting, safe-guarding, • Agricultural support loans
Early Warning System)
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20. Major risks throughout the life cycle
Early childhood Childhood and
Youth Adulthood Old age
(from pregnancy) adolescence
Delays in early Incomplete schooling (primary or Insufficient
childhood secondary) income
development
• Children more vulnerable owing to physical Insufficient job skills
& psychological over vulnerabilities (natural
disasters, broken home, & other social risks),
• Family & school/community violence
diminished adult care, discrimination, Low quality employment
• Physical/psychological vulnerabilities
compounded by voicelessness
Unemployment
Poor health conditions (including disabilities)
Income poverty
Source: Verónica Silva V, March 2012, modified.

21. CLUSTER 1 TRANSFORMATION
(SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND INSURANCE)
2025
2020
2015
2012
“UPGRADING” “UPSTREAMING” “UPSHIFTING”
Focus Optimization of Cluster I Program (Social Development of Social Protection Expansion of Social Protection
Assistance) Program Program
Objectives • Providing targeted social assistance. • The development of more systematic • Social insurance is expanded to the
• Social insurance mechanism developed social assistance programs. all community.
particularly for targeted households and • The institutionalization and development • Development of comprehensive
informal sector workers. of social insurance programs. social protection system.
Intervention • Improvement of Raskin, BSM & PKH and • Improved benefits and expanded • Strengthening the role of local
other social assistance program beneficiaries. authorities and communities in
• Transforming Jamkesmas/da into BPJS 1/ • Integration and synchronization of social assistance.
Health (Jan 1, 2014). various social insurance scheme. • Social protection for certain
• Establishing BPJS 2/Employment (July 1, • Innovation for of alternative funding condition (disaster, crisis).
2015)* sources (incl. premium schemes).
• Establishing social security system (i.e. • Crisis monitoring Protocol
Premium Subsidy, dissemination/
”sosialisasi”, capacity building).
Notes: BPJS 2 will start Work Accident Insurance and Life Insurance in 2017 for ex-Jamsostek and all workers in 2020.
BPJS 2 will start Old Age Savings Insurance in 2017-2028 for ex-Jamsostek and all workers in 2029
BPJS 2 will start pension scheme in 2029 for all workers
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22. HOW ARE WE GOING TO GO?
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23. MAJOR CHANGES NEEDED IN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
Change into FROM TO
Approach POVERTY (income) VULNERABILITY (risks)
Intervention focus INDIVIDUALS/INSTITUTION FAMILIES (household)
INTEGRATED PROVISION
Management model FRAGMENTATION OF SERVICES
EFFICENCY + EFFICACY + COMPLEMENTARITY + QUALITY

24. A LINKAGE MODEL: FROM POVERTY TO
VULNERABILITY
Policy objectives
• Equalization of Accesibility Timeliness
opportunities. Institutional Mechanisms to ensure
– Unified database and arrangements that effectiveness of the
creating referral system facilitate the beneficiaries institutions to meet the
entry to the system beneficiaries demands
(single entry point) (guarantees)
• Support throughout Services
the life cycle.
Permanent adjustments Institutional networks
to the contents of social close to beneficiaries.
• Assurance for the services and benefits (Municipalities and
(service standards) Local Networks)
entire population
basic welfare levels. Quality Local provision

25. Universal Health Coverage Strategy
Increase in cost proportion
employee and employer)
(gov’t, premium from
Increase in benefit
package
Increase coverage of beneficiaries

26. But…. there are still gaps in the supply side
Gap indicators Puskesmas Pustu Total
Clean water 517 2.837 3.355
Incubator for baby 5.860 22.154 28.014
Electricity 305 10.282 10.629
(incl. Poskesdes
& Polindes)
Physicians 733 20.871 21.603
Midwifes 187 5.831 6.017
Distribution of Midwifes at village level

27. THE WAY FORWARD TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BPJS
BPJS HEALTH BPJS EMPLOYMENT
Univeral coverage Participation Universal coverage (formal
Coverage and informal workers)
Health insurance
Protection  Pension, accident, old saving &
Program Life insurances
 Program Desain Implementation  Program Design
 Regulation harmonization regulation  Regulation Harmonization
Askes/JPK/Jamkesmas/Jam Institutional
Taspen/Asabri ke BPJS (2029)
- kesda to BPJS 1 (2014) Transformation
 Program Transformation/  Benefit feasibility
integration Operasional Program Sustainability
 Sevice quality
Notes: Transformation principles 
• The benefit package can’t lower than the current level
• There is no stop for services for older members
• 1 member should only pay once for each program
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28. Conclusions
• Social protection can reduce future poverty through preventing risks, protecting from impact,
promoting proactive responses and transforming the legal environment and/or societal values
– High returns to investment
– Short window opportunity, High risks that investment will not happen
– Strong gains from combination of interventions
• As children’s experiences of poverty and vulnerability differently from those of adults, child
sensitive social protection therefore is needed
– to have a multidimensional focus
– to be developed as an evidence-based approach
– Aim at maximizing opportunities and developmental outcomes for children within given constraints
– raise awareness and build a coalition for making social protection child sensitive
• Some Future works:
– Having some pilots for transformation/transition of expansion/redesign programs.
– Enforcing the Minimum Service Standards, norms, procedure and criteria to ensure service delivery.
– Improve allocative efficiency, and generate contribution (contributory scheme of social insurance)
• The Social Protection Floor Initiative could help the acceleration of toward more
comprehensive social protection in Indonesia
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29. Terima Kasih
Thank You
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