The Renaissance was a period between the 14th and 16th centuries that saw a revival of art and intellectual thought rooted in classical antiquity. Notable early Renaissance artists included Giotto, Donatello and Brunelleschi in Florence. The High Renaissance of the 15th century was marked by artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mannerism followed as a brief period characterized by elongated figures and flattened space. Key developments included increased naturalism, linear perspective techniques, and elevating the status of artists.

1. The Renaissance 0

2. The fundamental principle will be that all steps of learning should be sought from Nature; the means of perfecting our art will be found in diligence, study, and application. – Leone Battista Alberti 0

7. LIMBOURG BROTHERS. “May” from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (1416). Illumination. 8 7⁄8 ” x 5 3⁄8 ” .

9. ROBERT CAMPIN. Merode Altarpiece: The Annunciation with Donors and St. Joseph , (c. 1425–1428). Oil on wood. Center: 24 1⁄4 ” x 24 7⁄8 ” ; Wings: each 25 3⁄8 ” x 10 7⁄8 ” .

11. JAN VAN EYCK. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride (1434). Oil on wood. 33 ” x 22 1⁄2 ” .

14. MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD. The Crucifixion, center panel of The Isenheim Altarpiece (exterior) (completed 1515). Oil on panel. 8 ’ 10 ” x 10 ’ 1 ” .

15. ALBRECHT DÜRER. Adam and Eve (1504). Engraving, 4th state. 9 7⁄8 ” x 7 5⁄8 ” .

16. ALBRECHT DÜRER. Knight, Death, and Devil (15 13) . Engraving, 9 7⁄8 ” x 7 5⁄8 ” .

18. CIMABUE. Madonna Enthroned (c. 1280–1290). Tempera on wood panel. 12 ’ 7 ” x 7 ’ 4 ” .

19. GIOTTO. Madonna Enthroned (c. 1310). Tempera on wood panel. 10 ’ 8 ” x 6 ’ 8 ” .

21. FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI. Sacrifice of Isaac (1401–1402). Gilt bronze. 21 ” x 17 1⁄2 ” .

22. LORENZO GHIBERTI. Sacrifice of Isaac (1401–1402). Gilt bronze. 21 ” x 17 1⁄2 ” .

24. DONATELLO. David (1408). Bronze. H: 5 ’ 2 ” .

25. Florence Cathedral (Gothic, begun 1368 CE). Dome by Brunelleschi.

26. FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI. Construction of the cathedral dome, Florence (1420–1436).

27. MASACCIO. Holy Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence (c. 1428). Fresco. 21 ’ x 10 ’ 5 ” .

29. ANDREA DEL VERROCCHIO. David (c. 1470). Bronze. H: 49 5⁄8 ” .

30. PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA. Resurrection (c. late 1450s). Fresco. 7 ’ 5 ” x 6 ’ 6 1⁄2 ” .

32. SANDRO BOTTICELLI. The Birth of Venus (c. 1486). Tempera on canvas. 5 ’ 8 7⁄8 ” x 9 ’ 1 7⁄8 ” .

33. SANDRO BOTTICELLI. The Birth of Venus (detail) c. 1486 . Tempera on canvas. 5 ’ 8 7⁄8 ” x 9 ’ 1 7⁄8 ” .

34. LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI. Palazzo Rucellai, Florence (1446–1451).

36. LEONARDO DA VINCI. Madonna of the Rocks (c . 1483). Oil on panel, transferred to canvas. 78 ½ ” x 48 ” .

37. LEONARDO DA VINCI. The Last Supper (1495–1498). Fresco (oil and tempera on plaster). 13 ’ 9 ” x 29 ’ 10 ” .

38. LEONARDO DA VINCI. Human Proportions . Journal drawing

39. LEONARDO DA VINCI. Mona Lisa (c .1501 ). Oil on panel

40. RAPHAEL. The School of Athens (1510–1511). Fresco. 26 ’ x 18 ’ .

41. MICHELANGELO. The Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome (1508–1512). 5,800 sq. ft.

42. MICHELANGELO. The Creation of Adam (1508–1512). Detail from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome.

43. M ICHELANGELO. David (1501–1504). Marble. H: 13 1⁄2 ’ .

44. GIANLORENZO BERNINI. David (1623). Marble. H: 6 ’ 7 ” .

46. TITIAN. Venus of Urbino (1538). Oil on canvas. 47 ” x 65 ” .

47. TINTORETTO. The Last Supper (1592–1594). Oil on canvas. 12 ’ x 18 ’ 8 ” .

49. EL GRECO. The Burial of Count Orgaz (1586). Oil on canvas. 16 ’ x 11 ’ 10 ” .

50. PIETER BRUEGHEL THE ELDER. The Peasant Wedding (1568). Oil on wood. 45 ” x 64 1⁄2 ” .

52. JACOPO PONTORMO. Entombment (1525–1528). Oil on panel. 10 ’ 3 ” x 6 ’ 4 ” .