2. Listening
Listening is a receptive skill which
involves making sense of meaningful
sounds of language.
3. To listen successfully we need:
To understand the context
To use our knowledge of language
To use our knowledge of the world
To understand different text types
To understand different speed and
accents
To use different subskills
4. Differences between spoken and
written languages:
WRITTEN LANGUAGE SPOKEN LANGUAGE
Stays on the page
Uses punctuation and
capital letters to show
sentences
Consists of letters, words
etc.
No body language involved
Well organized (logical
structure)
More complex grammar and
exact vocabulary
5. Differences between spoken and
written languages:
WRITTEN LANGUAGE SPOKEN LANGUAGE
Stays on the page Disappears as soon as it is
spoken
Uses punctuation and capital
letters to show sentences
Shows sentences through
stress and intonation
Consists of letters, words etc.
Consists of connected speech,
No body language involved sentences, incomplete
Well organized (logical sentences or words
structure) Body language, facial
More complex grammar and expressions, gestures
exact vocabulary May have interruptions,
repetitions
Uses rather general vocabulary
and simple grammar
7. Listening subskills:
Listen for gist
Specific information
Detail
Attitude (what attitude a speaker is
expressing)
Extensive listening
8. Separation of subskills training at
different age
Lower secondary student are trained to:
Identify important words
Understand and respond to simple
instuctions
Recognise basic differences in information
(commands vs questions)
Understand development of a simple story
Identify main idea
Etc.
9. Key concepts:
Supply your learners with many sourses of spoken
language
Listening based on visual support is easier to understand
Introduce authentic listening
Comprehension activities must be easier than the
listening itself
Choose interesting stories to listen
Vary focus – problem sounds, connected speech,
subskills, new language
10. Listening activities pattern
1. Intoduction (visualisation) – focus on
topic, language
2. Main activities – comprehension,
subskills
3. Post activities – personalisation,
discussion, dialogues
11. Speaking
Speaking is a productive skill, like
writing, and involves using language
to express meanings to other people.
12. Pronounce words Respond appropriately
Answer questions Persuade
Use intonation Tell stories
Ask for clarification Start speaking when
Correct themselves someone else stops
Take part in discussions Use accurate grammar and
vocabulary
Choose or change register
of the language according Use tenses
to the situation Take part in conversations
Plan what they will say
Smile
Ask for and give
information
14. Interactive strategies:
Making eye contact
Using facial expressions
Asking check questions
Clarifying your mening
Confirming understanding
15. Speaking subskills:
Fluency (speaking at a normal speed,
without hesitation, self-correction,
repetition with connected speech)
Accuracy (using correct forms of
grammar, vocabulary and
pronunciation)
16. Key concepts:
Focus learners on particular aspects of speaking
Vary controlled practice with freer practice in order not
to limit communication
Give learners a reason for communicating
Give enough support, time and assessment to provide a
friendly environment for speaking
Think of the way how to control (fluency vs accuracy)
Prepare learners for speaking with practiced vocabulary
and grammar
Don’t forget about TPR and silent period
17. Speaking activties pattern
Lead-in – intro to the topic
Practice activities
Post-activities – a task where learners
can freely use new language in a
situation