12c for Developers - Feb 2014

NOTE
itty bitty fonts in this
presentation

SQL> exec sample_font

Can you read this ?
1

Connor McDonald
OracleDBA
co.uk
2

2013

12c

2014

12.1.2

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

12.2
12c
desupported

management
visibility

"maybe"

some not so cool things....

18

tough for "home" exploring

20

SQL> create user DEV_TESTING
2
identified by MYPASS;
create user DEV_TESTING identified by MYPASS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

?
21

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/developer-vm/index.html

25

SQL> desc T

Name
----------------------------OWNER
OBJECT_NAME

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
------------VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(30)

SQL> desc T_AUDIT
Name
----------------------------AUDIT_DATE
AUDIT_ACTION
OWNER
OBJECT_NAME

Null?
Type
-------- -------------DATE
CHAR(1)
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

35

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

create or replace
trigger AUDIT_TRG
after insert or update or delete on T
for each row
declare
v_action varchar2(1) := case when updating then 'U'
when deleting then 'D' else 'I' end;
begin
if updating or inserting then
insert into T_AUDIT
values (sysdate
,v_action
,:new.owner
,:new.object_name);
else
insert into T_AUDIT
values (sysdate
,v_action
,:old.owner
,:old.object_name);
end if;
end;
/

Trigger created.
36

SQL>
2
3
4

insert
select
from
where

into T
owner, object_name
all_objects
rownum <= 10000;

10000 rows created.

38

SQL> insert
2 select
3 from
insert where
4 into T

into T
owner, object_name
all_objects
rownum <= 10000;

select owner, object_name
from
all_objects
10000 rownum <= 10000
rows created.
where
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------0.01
0.00
0
0
0
3.10
3.05
88
123
10642
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------3.12
3.06
88
123
10642

rows
---------0
10000
0
---------10000

INSERT INTO T_AUDIT
VALUES (SYSDATE ,:B3 ,:B1 ,:B2 )

call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute 10000
Fetch
0
------- -----total
10001

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.79
0.97
2
109
10845
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------0.79
0.97
2
109
10845

rows
---------0
10000
0
---------10000
38

a better, faster, robust version ...

49

SQL> create tablespace SPACE_FOR_ARCHIVE
2 datafile 'C:ORACLEDB11ARCH_SPACE.DBF'
3 size 100M;
Tablespace created.

51

SQL> CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE longterm
2 TABLESPACE space_for_archive
3 RETENTION 1 YEAR;
Flashback archive created.

52

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE LONGTERM;
Table altered.
[lots of DML]

53

SQL> select * from EMP;
-------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes |
-------------------------------------------------|
0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
|
14 |
518 |
|
1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP |
14 |
518 |
--------------------------------------------------

54

SQL> select * from EMP
2
AS OF TIMESTAMP SYSDATE-3;
-------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows | Bytes |
-------------------------------------------------|
0 | SELECT STATEMENT |
|
14 |
518 |
|
1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP |
14 |
518 |
--------------------------------------------------

55

[after DML and time passing]

SQL> select * from EMP
2
AS OF TIMESTAMP SYSDATE-3;
----------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name
| Rows |
----------------------------------------------------------------|
0 | SELECT STATEMENT
|
|
446 |
|
1 | VIEW
|
|
446 |
|
2 |
UNION-ALL
|
|
|
|* 3 |
FILTER
|
|
|
|
4 |
PARTITION RANGE ITERATOR|
|
445 |
|* 5 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| SYS_FBA_HIST_69539 |
445 |
|* 6 |
FILTER
|
|
|
|* 7 |
HASH JOIN OUTER
|
|
1 |
|* 8 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| EMP
|
1 |
|* 9 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| SYS_FBA_TCRV_69539 |
14 |
------------------------------------------------------------------

56

SQL> select table_name
2 from
user_tables
3 /
TABLE_NAME
--------------------------SYS_FBA_HIST_71036
SYS_FBA_TCRV_71036
SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_71036
EMP

57

but can also be your audit !

58

SQL> alter table EMP add
2
LAST_MOD timestamp default systimestamp;
SQL> update EMP
2 set
sal = sal*10
3 where empno = 7369;

SQL> delete from EMP
SQL> update EMP
2 set
job = 'SALES'
3 where ename = 'SMITH';
SQL> update EMP
2 set
comm = 1000
SQL> commit;
59

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

select empno, ename, job, sal, comm,
nvl(VERSIONS_STARTTIME,LAST_MOD) TS
,nvl(VERSIONS_OPERATION,'I') op
from EMP
versions between timestamp
timestamp '2014-02-11 20:12:00' and
systimestamp
order by empno;

EMPNO
---------7369
7369
7499
7521
7566
...
7900
7902
7934
7934

ENAME
---------SMITH
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES

JOB
SAL
COMM TS
--------- ---------- ---------- -----------CLERK
806
08.10.51 PM
SALES
8060
1000 08.12.10 PM
SALESMAN
1606 300000000 08.10.51 PM
SALESMAN
1256 500000000 08.10.51 PM
MANAGER
2981
08.10.51 PM

O
I
U
I
I
I

JAMES
FORD
MILLER
MILLER

CLERK
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK

I
I
I
D

956
3006
1306
1306

08.10.51
08.10.51
08.10.51
08.12.10

PM
PM
PM
PM

60

"yeah...but who ? where ? how ?"

63

SQL> alter table EMP add UPDATED_BY varchar2(10);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table EMP add UPDATED_PGM varchar2(10);
Table altered.
[etc]
[etc]

64

SQL> begin
2
dbms_flashback_archive.set_context_level(
3
level=> 'ALL');
4 end;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

70

SQL> update EMP
2 set
sal = sal*10
1 row updated.

SQL> commit;

71

SQL> select XID from SYS_FBA_HIST_510592;
XID
---------------09000B00C7080000

72

SQL> set serverout on
SQL> begin
2
dbms_output.put_line(
3
dbms_flashback_archive.get_sys_context (
4
'09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'SESSION_USER'));
5
6
7
8
'09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'HOST'));
9
10
11
12
'09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'MODULE'));
13 end;
14 /
SCOTT
WORKGROUPXPS
SQL*Plus

73

SQL> desc SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD
Name
Null?
------------------------- -------XID
ACTION
AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY
CLIENT_IDENTIFIER
CLIENT_INFO
CURRENT_EDITION_NAME
CURRENT_SCHEMA
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE_ROLE
DB_NAME
GLOBAL_UID
HOST
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE
INSTANCE_NAME
IP_ADDRESS
MODULE
OS_USER
SERVER_HOST
SERVICE_NAME

Type
-----------------RAW(8)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)

75

CLIENT_IDENTIFIER
CLIENT_INFO
CURRENT_SCHEMA
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE_ROLE
DB_NAME
GLOBAL_UID
HOST
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE
INSTANCE_NAME
IP_ADDRESS
MODULE
OS_USER
SERVER_HOST
SERVICE_NAME
SESSION_EDITION_NAME
SESSION_USER
SESSION_USERID
SESSIONID
TERMINAL
SPARE

VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
VARCHAR2(256)
76

SQL> @pt "select * from SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD
where xid = '09000B00C7080000'"
XID
CLIENT_IDENTIFIER
CLIENT_INFO
CURRENT_SCHEMA
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE_ROLE
DB_NAME
HOST
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE
INSTANCE_NAME
MODULE
OS_USER
SERVER_HOST
SERVICE_NAME
SESSION_EDITION_NAME
SESSION_USER
SESSION_USERID
SESSIONID
TERMINAL

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

09000B00C7080000
scott

ORA$BASE
SYS
SYS
PRIMARY
np12
WORKGROUPXPS
LOCAL
np12
SQL*Plus
xpshamcdc
xps
SYS$USERS
ORA$BASE
SCOTT
103
230698
XPS
77

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

select empno, ename, job, sal, comm,
VERSIONS_XID
from EMP
timestamp '2014-02-11 20:12:00' and
systimestamp
order by empno;

EMPNO
---------7369
7369
7499
7499
7499
7521

ENAME
---------SMITH
SMITH
ALLEN
ALLEN
ALLEN
WARD

JOB
SAL
COMM VERSIONS_XID
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------------CLERK
806
SALES
8060
1000 09001C00E04A0000
CLERK
16060 300000000 0A000A0024080000
SALESMAN
16060 300000000 09000B00C7080000
SALESMAN
1606 300000000
SALESMAN
1256 500000000

78

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

select ...
from
( select
empno, ename, job,
sal, comm, VERSIONS_XID
from EMP
timestamp '2014-02-11 20:12:00' and
systimestamp
) e, SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD a
where e.VERSIONS_XID = a.XID;

79

keep an eye on space

SYSTEM tablespace
80

oracle feature that is free !

78

compression

choose your cost

partitioning
87

so think about total recall

81

be careful...
silent errors

93

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE LONGTERM;
Table altered.
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-1950 in SQL create table "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938
(STARTSCN NUMBER, ENDSCN NUMBER...
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-942 in SQL insert into "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938
(ENDSCN, COLUMN_NAME, TYPE, ...
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-942 in SQL "select count(*) from "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938"

94

SQL> create table PARENT ( p int primary key );

Table created.
SQL> create table CHILD
2
( c int primary key,
3
p int references PARENT ( p )
4
);
Table created.
SQL> insert into PARENT values (1);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into CHILD

values (1,1);

1 row created.
89

SQL> truncate table PARENT;

truncate table PARENT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table
referenced by enabled foreign keys

90

SQL> create table CHILD
2
( c int primary key,
3
p int references PARENT ( p )
4
on delete cascade);

Table created.
SQL> insert into PARENT values (1);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into CHILD

values (1,1);

1 row created.
SQL> truncate table PARENT;
truncate table PARENT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by
enabled foreign keys
91

SQL> truncate table PARENT cascade;
Table truncated.

93

SQL> alter table child modify
2
constraint CHILD_FK on delete cascade;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended

SQL> alter table child add
2
constraint NEW_FK foreign key ( p )
3
references parent ( p ) on delete cascade;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02275: such a referential constraint already
exists in the table

95

Feature
session level sequence

98

SQL> create sequence SESS_SEQ session;
Sequence created.

99

SQL> select sess_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
---------1
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select sess_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
---------1

100

SQL> select X
2 from
GTT;

SQL> select X
2 from
GTT;

X
---------1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...

X
---------1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
103

SQL> create sequence NORMAL cache 1000;

Sequence created.
SQL> alter session set sql_trace = true;
Session altered.
SQL>
2
3
4

insert into GTT
select SESS_SEQ.NEXTVAL
from dual
connect by level < 50000;

49999 rows created.
SQL>
2
3
4

insert into GTT
select NORMAL.NEXTVAL
from dual

49999 rows created.
106

insert into GTT
select NORMAL.NEXTVAL
from dual
connect by level < 50000
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.35
0.35
0
147
642
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.35
0.35
0
147
642

rows
---------0
49999
0
---------49999

107

insert into GTT
select SESS_SEQ.NEXTVAL
from dual
connect by level < 50000
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.25
0.25
0
145
592
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.25
0.25
0
145
592

rows
---------0
49999
0
---------49999

108

update SEQ$
set increment$=:2,minvalue=:3,maxvalue=:4,
cycle#=:5,order$=:6,
cache=:7,highwater=:8,audit$=:9,
flags=:10,partcount=:11
where
obj#=:1
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
50
Fetch
0
------- -----total
51

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0
50
103
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
50
103

rows
---------0
50
0
---------50

109

and the absolute worst ...

112

SQL> create sequence seq;

Sequence created.
SQL> create table T ( pk number

, c1 int);

Table created.
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

create or replace
trigger FILL_IN_PK
before insert on T
for each row
begin
select seq.nextval into :new.pk from dual;
end;
/

Trigger created.

114

SQL> insert into T values (10,20);

1 row created.
SQL> select * from T;
PK
C1
---------- ---------1
20

115

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

create or replace
trigger FILL_IN_PK
before insert on T
for each row
when ( new.pk is null )
begin
select seq.nextval into :new.pk from dual;
end;
/

Trigger created.
1 row created.
PK
C1
---------- ---------1
20
20
20
117

over rated ...

for that stuff

insert /* with trigger */ into T
select rownum, rownum
from dual connect by level <= 50000
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
5.64
5.64
0
466
1608
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------5.64
5.65
0
466
1608

rows
---------0
50000
0
---------50000

insert /* without trigger */ into T
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.09
0.15
0
466
1620
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.09
0.15
0
466
1620

rows
---------0
50000
0
---------50000

SQL> create table T ( pk number default seq.nextval ,
2
c1 int);
Table created.
SQL> insert into T ( c1 ) values ( 0);
PK
C1
---------- ---------2
0

SQL> insert into T ( pk, c1 ) values (default, 1) ;
PK
C1
---------- ---------2
0
3
1
123

insert /* with default */ into T
call
count
------- -----Parse
1
Execute
1
Fetch
0
------- -----total
2

cpu
elapsed
disk
query
current
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0
467
1608
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------0.06
0.08
0
467
1608

rows
---------0
50000
0
---------50000

SQL> drop table t purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table T
2
( pk number generated as identity ,
3
c1 int);
Table created.
SQL> select object_id, object_name,
2
object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_ID
---------414914
414915

OBJECT_NAME
-----------------T
ISEQ$$_414914

OBJECT_TYPE
-----------TABLE
SEQUENCE

127

SQL> @pr "select * from user_sequences"
SEQUENCE_NAME
MIN_VALUE
MAX_VALUE
INCREMENT_BY
CYCLE_FLAG
ORDER_FLAG
CACHE_SIZE
LAST_NUMBER
PARTITION_COUNT
SESSION_FLAG
KEEP_VALUE

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

ISEQ$$_414914
1
9999999999999999999999
1
N
N
20
1
N
N

128

SQL> create table T
2
( pk number
3
generated as identity (cache 1000)
4
, c1 int);
Table created.
insert into T values (1,2)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always
identity column

can choose
129

SQL> create table T (
2
pk int,
3
status varchar2(1) default 'N' );
Table created.
SQL> insert into T (pk) values (1);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into T (pk, status) values (2,default);

1 row created.
SQL> insert into T (pk, status) values (3,null);
1 row created.

132

PK STATUS
---------- -----1
N
2
N
3

133

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

create or replace
procedure ins(p_pk int, p_status varchar2) is
begin
if p_status is null then
insert into T (pk, status)
values (p_pk, default );
else
insert into T (pk, status)
values (p_pk, p_status );
end if;
end;
/

Procedure created.

135

SQL> create table T (
2
pk
int,
3
status
varchar2(1)
4
start_date date
5
6
commission int
7
job_level
int
8
);

default on null 'N' ,
default on null
trunc(sysdate,'MM'),
default on null 1000,
default on null 1

Table created.
SQL> insert into T values (1,null,null,null,null);
1 row created.

PK S START_DAT COMMISSION JOB_LEVEL
---------- - --------- ---------- ---------1 N 01-JAN-14
1000
1
137

SQL> CREATE TABLE
2
empno
3
name
4
sal
5
deptno
6
start_dt
7
end_dt
8
9 );

emp_temporal (
NUMBER,
VARCHAR2(30),
NUMBER,
NUMBER,
DATE,
DATE,

Table created.

142

12c part of the definition

143

SQL> CREATE TABLE emp_temporal (
2
empno
NUMBER,
3
name
VARCHAR2(30),
4
sal
NUMBER,
5
deptno
NUMBER,
6
start_dt
DATE,
7
end_dt
DATE,
8
PERIOD FOR valid_range (start_dt, end_dt)
9 );
Table created.

144

SQL> select * from emp_temporal
2 order by empno, start_dt;
EMPNO
---------7369
7369
7499
7499
7521
7521
7566
7566
7654
7654
7698

NAME
SAL
DEPTNO START_DT END_DT
------------ ---------- ---------- --------- --------SMITH
806
20 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
SMITHX
8060
21 02-MAR-14 01-OCT-14
ALLEN
1606
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
ALLENX
16060
31 02-MAR-14 01-OCT-14
WARD
1256
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
WARDX
12560
31 02-MAR-14 01-OCT-14
JONES
2981
20 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
JONESX
29810
21 02-MAR-14 01-OCT-14
MARTIN
1256
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
MARTINX
12560
31 02-MAR-14 01-OCT-14
BLAKE
2856
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14

146

SQL> select * from emp_temporal
2 as of period for valid_range '01-FEB-14';
EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521
7566
7654

NAME
SAL
DEPTNO START_DT END_DT
------------ ---------- ---------- --------- --------SMITH
806
20 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
ALLEN
1606
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
WARD
1256
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
JONES
2981
20 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14
MARTIN
1256
30 01-JAN-14 01-MAR-14

147

SQL> set autotrace traceonly stat
SQL> select * from MY_VIEW
2 where CREATED > sysdate

Statistics
-----------------------------------------651 recursive calls
0 db block gets
2243 consistent gets
24 physical reads

151

SQL> variable c clob
SQL> begin
2
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text
3
( 'select * from MY_VIEW'||
4
'where created > sysdate',:c);
5 end;
6 /

SQL> print c

152

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

create or replace
view MY_VIEW as
select
o.owner,
o.created,
s.bytes,
s.tablespace_name
from
dba_segments s,
all_objects o
where o.owner = s.owner
and
o.object_name = s.segment_name;

View created.

153

SELECT "A1"."OWNER" "OWNER",
"A1"."NAME" "NAME",
"A1"."CREATED" "CREATED",
"A1"."BYTES" "BYTES",
"A1"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME"
FROM (SELECT "A2"."OWNER" "OWNER",
"A2"."OBJECT_NAME" "NAME",
"A2"."CREATED" "CREATED",
"A3"."BYTES" "BYTES",
"A3"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME" FROM (SELECT "A4"
."OWNER" "OWNER",
"A4"."SEGMENT_NAME" "SEGMENT_NAME",
"A4"."PARTITION_NAME" "PARTITION_NAME",
"A4"."SEGMENT_TYPE" "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A4"."SEGMENT_SUBTYPE" "SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A4"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME",
"A4"."HEADER_FILE" "HEADER_FILE",
"A4"."HEADER_BLOCK" "HEADER_BLOCK",
DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"SYS"."DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN"."SEGMENT_NUMBER_BLOCKS"("A4"."TABLESPACE_ID",
"A4"."RELATIVE_FNO",
"A4"."HEADER_BLOCK",
"A4"."SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A4"."BUFFER_POOL_ID",
"A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",
"A4"."SEGMENT_OBJD",
"A4"."BLOCKS"),
"A4"."BLOCKS"))*"A4"."BLOCKSIZE" "BYTES",
DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"SYS"."DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN"."SEGMENT_NUMBER_BLOCKS"("A4"."TABLESPACE_ID",

154

"A4"."BLOCKS"),
"A4"."BLOCKS")) "BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."EXTENTS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"SYS"."DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN"."SEGMENT_NUMBER_EXTENTS"("A4"."TABLESPACE_ID",
"A4"."EXTENTS"),
"A4"."EXTENTS")) "EXTENTS",
"A4"."INITIAL_EXTENT" "INITIAL_EXTENT",
"A4"."NEXT_EXTENT" "NEXT_EXTENT",
"A4"."MIN_EXTENTS" "MIN_EXTENTS",
"A4"."MAX_EXTENTS" "MAX_EXTENTS",
"A4"."MAX_SIZE" "MAX_SIZE",
"A4"."RETENTION" "RETENTION",
"A4"."MINRETENTION" "MINRETENTION",
"A4"."PCT_INCREASE" "PCT_INCREASE",
"A4"."FREELISTS" "FREELISTS",
"A4"."FREELIST_GROUPS" "FREELIST_GROUPS",
"A4"."RELATIVE_FNO" "RELATIVE_FNO",
DECODE("A4"."BUFFER_POOL_ID",1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE','DEFAULT') "BUFFER_POOL",
DECODE("A4"."FLASH_CACHE",1,'KEEP',2,
'NONE','DEFAULT')
"FLASH_CACHE",DECODE("A4"."CELL_FLASH_CACHE",1,'KEEP',2,'NONE','DEFAULT')
"CELL_FLASH_CACHE"
FROM ( (SELECT NVL("A199"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",
"A198"."NAME" "SEGMENT_NAME",

155

"A198"."SUBNAME" "PARTITION_NAME",
"A196"."OBJECT_TYPE" "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A195"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",DECODE(BIT
AND("A195"."SPARE1",2097408),2097152,'SECUREFILE',256,'ASSM','MSSM')
"SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A197"."TS#" "TABLESPACE_ID",
"A197"."NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME",
"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "BLOCKSIZE",
"A194"."FILE#" "HEADER_FILE",
"A195"."BLOCK#" "HEADER_BLOCK",
"A195"."BLOCKS"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "BYTES",
"A195"."BLOCKS" "BLOCKS",
"A195"."EXTENTS" "EXTENTS",
"A195"."INIEXTS"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "INITIAL_EXTENT",
"A195"."EXTSIZE"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "NEXT_EXTENT",
"A195"."MINEXTS" "MIN_EXTENTS",
"A195"."MAXEXTS" "MAX_EXTENTS",DECODE(BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",4194304),4194304,
"A195"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",TO_CHAR(DECODE(
BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",2097152),2097152,
DECODE("A195"."LISTS",0,'NONE',1,'AUTO',2,'MIN',3,'MAX',4,'DEFAULT','INVALID'),N
ULL))
"RETENTION",DECODE(BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",2097152),2097152,
"A195"."GROUPS",NULL)
"MINRETENTION",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",3),1,TO_NUMBER(NULL),
"A195"."EXTPCT") "PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",32),32,
TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A195"."LISTS",0,1,
"A195"."LISTS"))
"FREELISTS",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A195"."G
ROUPS",0,1,
"A195"."GROUPS")) "FREELIST_GROUPS",
"A195"."FILE#" "RELATIVE_FNO",BITAND("A195"."CACHEHINT",3) "BUFFER_POOL_ID",
BITAND("A195"."CACHEHINT",12)/4 "FLASH_CACHE",BITAND("A195"."CACHEHINT",48)/16
"CELL_FLASH_CACHE",
NVL("A195"."SPARE1",0)
"SEGMENT_FLAGS",DECODE(BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",1),1,
"A195"."HWMINCR",
"A198"."DATAOBJ#") "SEGMENT_OBJD" FROM "SYS"."USER$" "A199",
"SYS"."OBJ$" "A198",
"SYS"."TS$" "A197", ( (SELECT

156

DECODE(BITAND("A209"."PROPERTY",8192),8192,'NESTED TABLE','TABLE')
"OBJECT_TYPE",
2 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A209"."OBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A209"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TAB$" "A209" WHERE
BITAND("A209"."PROPERTY",1024)=0) UNI
ON ALL (SELECT 'TABLE PARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",19 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A208"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TABPART$" "A208") UNION ALL
(SELECT 'CLUSTER' "OBJECT_TYPE",3 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A207"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."CLU$" "A207") UNION ALL
(SELECT DECODE("A206"."TYPE#",8,'LOBINDEX','INDEX') "OBJECT_TYPE",1
"OBJECT_TYPE_ID",6 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A206"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."IND$" "A206" WHERE "A206"."TYPE#"=1 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=2 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=3 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=4 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=6 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=7 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=8 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=9) UNION ALL
(SELECT 'INDEX PARTITION'
"OBJECT_TYPE",20 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",6 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",

157

"A205"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."INDPART$" "A205") UNION ALL
(SELECT 'LOBSEGMENT' "OBJECT_TYPE",21 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",8 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A204"."LOBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A204"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."LOB$" "A204" WHERE
BITAND("A204"."PROPERTY",64)=0 OR
BITAND("A204"."PROPERTY",128)=128) UNION ALL
(SELECT 'TABLE SUBPARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",34 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A203"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TABSUBPART$" "A203") UNION ALL
(SELECT 'INDEX SUBPARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",35 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",6
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A202"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."INDSUBPART$" "A202") UNION ALL
(SELECT DECODE("A201"."FRAGTYPE$",'P','LOB PARTITION','LOB SUBPARTITION')
"OBJECT_TYPE",DECODE("A201"."FRAGTYPE$",'P',40,41) "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",8
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A201"."FRAGOBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A201"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."LOBFRAG$" "A201")) "A196",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A195",
"SYS"."FILE$" "A194" WHERE "A195"."FILE#"="A196"."HEADER_FILE" AND
"A195"."BLOCK#"="A196"."HEADER_BLOCK" AND
"A195"."TS#"="A196"."TS_NUMBER" AND
"A195"."TS#"="A197"."TS#" AND
"A198"."OBJ#"="A196"."OBJECT_ID" AND
"A198"."OWNER#"="A199"."USER#"(+) AND
"A195"."TYPE#"="A196"."SEGMENT_TYPE_ID" AND
"A198"."TYPE#"="A196"."OBJECT_TYPE_ID" AND
"A195"."TS#"="A194"."TS#" AND

158

"A195"."FILE#"="A194"."RELFILE#") UNION ALL
(SELECT NVL("A193"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",
"A191"."NAME" "SEGMENT_NAME",NULL "PARTITION_NAME",
DECODE("A190"."TYPE#",1,'ROLLBACK',10,'TYPE2 UNDO') "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A190"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",NULL "SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A190"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",NULL "RETENTION",NULL "MINRETENTION",
"A190"."EXTPCT"
"PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A192"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A190"
."LISTS",0,1,
"A190"."LISTS"))
"FREELISTS",DECODE(BITAND("A192"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),
DECODE("A190"."GROUPS",0,1,"A190"."GROUPS")) "FREELIST_GROUPS",
"A190"."FILE#" "RELATIVE_FNO",BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",3)
"BUFFER_POOL_ID",BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",12)/4 "FLASH_CACHE",
BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",48)/16 "CELL_FLASH_CACHE",NVL("A190"."SPARE1",0)
"SEGMENT_FLAGS",
"A191"."US#" "SEGMENT_OBJD" FROM "SYS"."USER$" "A193","SYS"."TS$" "A192",
"SYS"."UNDO$" "A191",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A190",
"SYS"."FILE$" "A189" WHERE "A190"."FILE#"="A191"."FILE#" AND
"A190"."BLOCK#"="A191"."BLOCK#" AND
"A190"."TS#"="A191"."TS#" AND
"A190"."TS#"="A192"."TS#" AND
"A190"."USER#"="A193"."USER#"(+) AND
("A190"."TYPE#"=1 OR
"A190"."TYPE#"=10) AND
"A191"."STATUS$"<>1 AND

159

"A191"."TS#"="A189"."TS#" AND
(SELECT NVL("A188"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",
TO_CHAR("A185"."FILE#")||'.'||TO_CHAR("A186"."BLOCK#") "SEGMENT_NAME",NULL
"PARTITION_NAME",
DECODE("A186"."TYPE#",2,'DEFERRED ROLLBACK',3,
'TEMPORARY',4,'CACHE',9,'SPACE HEADER','UNDEFINED') "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A186"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",NULL
"RETENTION",NULL
"A186"."EXTPCT")
"PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A187"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A186"
."LISTS",0,1,
"A186"."LISTS"))
ROUPS",0,1,
"A186"."FILE#" "RELATIVE_FNO",BITAND("A186"."CACHEHINT",3)
"BUFFER_POOL_ID",BITAND("A186"."CACHEHINT",12)/4
"FLASH_CACHE",BITAND("A186"."CACHEHINT",48)/16
"CELL_FLASH_CACHE",NVL("A186"."SPARE1",0) "SEGMENT_FLAGS",
"A186"."HWMINCR" "SEGMENT_OBJD" FROM "SYS"."USER$"
"A188",
"SYS"."TS$" "A187",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A186",
"SYS"."FILE$" "A185" WHERE "A186"."TS#"="A187"."TS#" AND
"A186"."USER#"="A188"."USER#"(+) AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>1 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>5 AND

160

"A186"."TYPE#"<>6 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>8 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>10 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>11 AND
"A186"."TS#"="A185"."TS#"
AND
(SELECT NVL("A184"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",'HEATMAP' "SEGMENT_NAME",
NULL "PARTITION_NAME",'SYSTEM STATISTICS' "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A183"."BLO
CKSIZE" "BLOCKSIZE",
"A182"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",NULL "RETENTION",NULL
"A182"."EXTPCT")
"PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A183"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DEC
ODE("A182"."LISTS",0,1,
"A182"."LISTS"))
ROUPS",0,1,
"A182"."FILE#" "RELATIVE_FNO",BITAND("A182"."CACHEHINT",3) "BUFFER_POOL_ID",
BITAND("A182"."CACHEHINT",12)/4 "FLASH_CACHE",BITAND("A18
2"."CACHEHINT",48)/16 "CELL_FLASH_CACHE",NVL("A182"."SPARE1",0) "SEGMENT_FLAGS",
"A182"."HWMINCR" "SEGMENT_OBJD" FROM "SYS"."USER$" "A184",

161

"SYS"."TS$" "A183",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A182",
"SYS"."FILE$" "A181" WHERE "A182"."TS#"="A183"."TS#" AND
"A182"."USER#"="A184"."USER#"(+) AND
"A182"."TYPE#"=11 AND
"A182"."TS#"="A181"."TS#" AND
"A182"."FILE#"="A181"."RELFILE#")) "A4") "A3", (SELECT "A5"."NAME" "OWNER",
"A6"."NAME" "OBJECT_NAME",
"A6"."SUBNAME" "SUBOBJECT_NAME",
"A6"."DATAOBJ#" "DATA_OBJECT_ID",DECODE("A6"."TYPE#",0,'NEXT OBJECT',1,'INDEX',
2,'TABLE',3,'CLUSTER',4,'VIEW',5,'SYNONYM
',6,'SEQUENCE',7,'PROCEDURE',8,'FUNCTION',9,'PACKAGE',11,'PACKAGE BODY',12,
'TRIGGER',13,'TYPE',14,'TYPE BODY',19,'TABLE PARTITION',20,'INDEX PARTITION',
21,'LOB',22,'LIBRARY',23,'DIRECTORY',24,'QUEUE',28,'JAVA SOURCE',29,'JAVA CLASS',30,
'JAVA RESOURCE',32,'INDEXTYPE',33,'OPERATOR',34,
'TABLE SUBPARTITION',35,'INDEX SUBPARTITION',40,'LOB PARTITION',41,'LOB SUBPARTITION',42
,NVL( (SELECT 'REWRITE EQUIVALENCE' "'REWRITEEQUIVALENCE'" FROM SYS."SUM$" "A52" WHERE
"A52"."OBJ#"="A6"."OBJ#" AND
BITAND("A52"."XPFLAGS",8388608)=8388608),'MATERIALIZED VIEW'),43,'DIMENSION',
44,'CONTEXT',46,'RULE SET',47,'RESOURCE PLAN',48,'CONSUMER GROUP',55,'XML SCHEMA',56,'JAVA
DATA',57,'EDITION',59,'RULE',
60,'CAPTURE',61,'APPLY',62,'EVALUATION CONTEXT',66,'JOB',67,'PROGRAM',68,'JOB CLASS',69,
'WINDOW',72,'SCHEDULER GROUP',74,'SCHEDULE',79,'CHAIN',81,'FILE GROUP',82,'MINING
MODEL',87,'ASSEMBLY',90,'CREDENTIAL',92,'CUBE
DIMENSION',93,'CUBE',94,'MEASURE FOLDER',95,'CUBE BUILD PROCESS',100,'FILE WATCHER',
101,'DESTINATION',114,'SQL TRANSLATION PROFILE',115,'UNIFIED AUDIT POLICY','UNDEFINED')
"OBJECT_TYPE",
"A6"."CTIME" "CREATED",
"A6"."MTIME" "LAST_DDL_TIME",TO_CHAR("A6"."STIME",'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS') "TIMESTAMP",DEC
ODE("A6"."STATUS",0,'N/A',1,'VALID','INVALID')
"STATUS",DECODE(BITAND("A6"."FLAGS",2),0,'N',2,'Y','N')
"TEMPORARY",DECODE(BITAND("A6"."FLAGS",4),0,'N',4,'Y','N')
"GENERATED",DECODE(BITAND("A6"."FLAGS",16),0,'N',16,'Y','N') "SECONDARY",
"A6"."NAMESPACE" "NAMESPACE",
"A6"."DEFINING_EDITION" "EDITION_NAM
E",DECODE(BITAND("A6"."FLAGS",196608),65536,'METADATA LINK',131072,'OBJECT LINK','NONE')
"SHARING",
CASE WHEN ("A6"."TYPE#"=4 OR
"A6"."TYPE#"=5 OR

162

back to temporal validity

164

SQL> variable c clob
SQL> begin
2
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
3
q'{select * from emp_temporal
4
as of period for valid_range '01-FEB-14'}',:c);
6 end;
7 /

SQL> print c

C
-----------------------------------------------SELECT
"A1"."EMPNO"
...
FROM (
SELECT "A2"."EMPNO" "EMPNO",
"A2"."NAME"
FROM "SCOTT"."EMP_TEMPORAL" "A2"
WHERE ("A2"."START_DT" IS NULL
OR "A2"."START_DT"<='01-FEB-14')
AND ("A2"."END_DT" IS NULL
OR "A2"."END_DT">'01-FEB-14')
) "A1"

166

SQL> desc EMPLOYEE

Name
Null?
------------------------- -------EMPNO
ENAME
JOB
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO

Type
--------------NUMBER(4)
VARCHAR2(10)
VARCHAR2(9)
NUMBER(4)
DATE
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(12,2)
NUMBER(2)

SQL> alter table EMPLOYEE add period for TIME_RANGE;
Table altered.

168

SQL> desc EMPLOYEE

Name
Null?
------------------------- -------EMPNO
ENAME
JOB
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO

Type
--------------NUMBER(4)
VARCHAR2(10)
VARCHAR2(9)
NUMBER(4)
DATE
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(12,2)
NUMBER(2)

still looks the same ?
169

SQL>
2
3
4

select column_name , hidden_column
from user_tab_cols
where table_name = 'EMPLOYEE'
order by column_id;

COLUMN_NAME
-----------------------------EMPNO
ENAME
JOB
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
TIME_RANGE_START
TIME_RANGE_END
TIME_RANGE

HIDDEN_COLUMN
------------NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
170

SQL> alter table EMP_TEMPORAL add period for CAL_RANGE;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table EMP_TEMPORAL add period for FINYR_RANGE;
Table altered.

172

SQL> alter table EMP_TEMPORAL add primary key (empno);
Table altered.
SQL> insert into EMP_TEMPORAL
2
(empno, name, start_dt, end_dt )
3 values (20,'BROWN', '01-FEB-14','01-MAR-14');
1 row created.
2
3 values (20,'BROWN', '01-MAY-14','01-SEP-14');

insert into EMP_TEMPORAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS_C009892) violated
175

2
3 values (10,'JONES', '01-JAN-14','01-MAY-14');
1 row created.
2
3 values (10,'JONES', '01-FEB-14','01-MAR-14');
1 row created.

SQL>
2
3
4

update EMP_TEMPORAL
as of period for valid_range '01-FEB-14'
set sal = 10
where empno = 20;

*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-08187: snapshot expression not allowed here

SQL> update
2
( select * from EMP_TEMPORAL
3
4
)
5 set sal = 10
6 where empno = 20;
1 row updated.

181

"Temporal validity is not supported
with a multitenant container
database"

183

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

create or replace procedure P is
x int;
y int;
begin
x := 10;
select
into
from
where

count(*)
y
all_objects
object_name = 'NUFFIN';

x := x / y;

select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
end;
/

Procedure created.
186

SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.P", line 13
ORA-06512: at line 1

187

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

x int;
y int;
begin
x := 10;
select
into
from
where

count(*)
y
all_objects

x := x / y;

select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
end;
/

Procedure created.
188

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

x int;
y int;
begin
x := 10;
select
into
from
where

count(*)
y
all_objects

x := x / y;
select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
exception
when others then
log_error;
raise;
end;
/

190

SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

x int;
y int;
begin
x := 10;
select
into
from
where

count(*)
y
all_objects

?

x := x / y;
select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
exception
when others then
log_error;
raise;
end;
/

192

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

x int;
y int;
begin
x := 10;
select
into
from
where

count(*)
y
all_objects

x := x / y;
select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
exception
when others then
dbms_utility.format_call_stack);
raise;
end;
/

SQL> exec P;
----- PL/SQL Call Stack ----object
line object
handle
number name
0x14b1e3900
21 procedure SCOTT.P
0x12521b8d8
1 anonymous block
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

194

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

x int;
y int;
l_debug varchar2(4000);
begin
l_debug := dbms_utility.format_call_stack;
x := 10;
select count(*)
into
y
from
all_objects
where object_name = 'NUFFIN';
x := x / y;
select rownum
into
x
from
dual;
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line(l_debug);
raise;
end;

SQL> exec P;
----- PL/SQL Call Stack ----object
line object
handle
number name
0x14b1e3900
16 procedure SCOTT.P
0x12521b8d8
1 anonymous block
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

196

SQL> create or replace procedure P is
2
x int;
3
y int;
4
5 begin
6
7
...
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

exception
when others then
l_debug := substr(l_debug,instr(l_debug,chr(10),1,3));
l_debug := regexp_replace(l_debug,chr(10)||'.*$');
dbms_output.put_line(l_debug);
raise;
end;
/

SQL> exec P;
0x14b1e3900
BEGIN P; END;

16

procedure SCOTT.P

*
ERROR at line 1:

198

DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE

200

2
x int;
3
y int;
4
5 begin
6
7
8
x := 10;
9
...
23
24 exception
25
when others then
26
27
DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE );
28
raise;
29 end;

SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;

*
ERROR at line 1:

202

2
x int;
3
y int;
4 begin
5
x := 10;
6
...
17
18 exception
19
when others then
20
for i in 1 .. utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth loop
21
22
utl_call_stack.unit_line(i)||'-'||
23
utl_call_stack.concatenate_subprogram(
24
utl_call_stack.subprogram(i))
25
);
26
end loop;
27
raise;
28 end;

206

SQL> exec P;
16-P
1-__anonymous_block
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

SQL> create or replace package PKG is
2
procedure p;
3
procedure p1;
4
procedure p2;
5
procedure p3;
6 end;
7 /
Package created.

SQL> create or replace package body PKG is
2
3 procedure p is
...
19
20 exception
21
when others then
22
for i in 1 .. utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth loop
23
24
utl_call_stack.unit_line(i)||'-'||
25
utl_call_stack.concatenate_subprogram(
26
utl_call_stack.subprogram(i))
27
);
28
end loop;
29
raise;
30 end;
31
32 procedure p1 is begin p; end;
33 procedure p2 is begin p1; end;
34 procedure p3 is begin p2; end;
35
36 end;
37 /
210

SQL> exec pkg.p3
23-PKG.P
32-PKG.P1
33-PKG.P2
34-PKG.P3
1-__anonymous_block
BEGIN pkg.p3; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.PKG", line 29

SQL> exec pkg.p3
23-PKG.P
32-PKG.P1
33-PKG.P2
34-PKG.P3
1-__anonymous_block

subprogram !!!

BEGIN pkg.p3; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

Feature
inline PLSQL in SQL

214

SQL> select surname
2 from
names;
SURNAME
-----------------------------jones
brown
SMITH

sigh...

"no problem.... I'll use initcap"

220

SQL> select initcap(surname)
2 from
names;
INITCAP(SURNAME)
-----------------------------Jones
Brown
Smith

SQL> select initcap(surname)
2 from
names;
INITCAP(SURNAME)
-----------------------------Jones
Brown
Smith
Mcdonald
Johnson'S

uh oh

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

create or replace
function my_initcap(p_string varchar2) return varchar2 is
l_string varchar2(1000) := p_string;
begin
if regexp_like(l_string,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])') then
null;
elsif l_string like '''%' then
null;
else
l_string := initcap(l_string);
if l_string like '_''S%' then
null;
else
l_string := replace(l_string,'''S','''s');
end if;
end if;
return l_string;
end;
/

Function created.

SQL> select my_initcap(surname)
2 from
names;
MY_INITCAP(SURNAME)
-------------------------Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
Johnson's

"don't call PLSQL from SQL !!!!"

230

SQL> select max(x)
2 from (
3
select /*+ no_merge */ initcap(source) x
4
from
sys.source$
5 );
...
Elapsed: 00:00:00.48

SQL> select max(x)
2 from (
3
select /*+ no_merge */ initcap(source) x
4
from
sys.source$
5 );
...
SQL> select max(x)
2 from (
Elapsed: select /*+ no_merge */ my_initcap(source) x
00:00:00.48
3
4
from
sys.source$
5 );
Elapsed: 00:00:09.37

SQL> select
2
case
3
when regexp_like(surname,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])') then surname
4
when surname like '''%' then surname
5
when initcap(surname) like '_''S%' then surname
6
else replace(initcap(surname),'''S','''s')
7
end ugh
8 from names;

UGH !!!
------------------------------Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
Johnson's

"Always code as if the person who
ends up maintaining your code is a
psychopathic killer who knows
where you live."
- source unknown

234

12c ... user defined functions

SQL> WITH
2
3
4
begin
5
6
null;
7
...
17
18
return l_string;
19
end;
20 select my_initcap(surname)
21 from
names;
MY_INITCAP(SURNAME)
----------------------------------------Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
O'Brien
Johnson's

236

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

WITH
function is_scottish(p_string varchar2) return boolean is
begin
return regexp_like(p_string,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])');
end;
begin
if is_scottish(l_string) then
null;
null;
else
if l_string like '_''S%' then
null;
else
l_string := replace(l_string,'''S','''s');
end if;
end if;

return l_string;
end;
select my_initcap(surname)
from
names;
/
238

SQL> WITH
2
3
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-06553: PLS-103: Encountered the symbol "end-of-file" when
expecting one of the following:
. ( * @ % & = - + ; < / > at in is mod remainder not rem
<an exponent (**)> <> or != or ~= >= <= <> and or like like2
like4 likec between || multiset member submultiset
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

begin
null;
null;
else

241

workaround

SQL> set SQLTERMINATOR ...

242

SQL> create or replace
2 procedure NAMES_PROCESSOR is
3
cursor C is
4
WITH
5
6
7
begin
...
23
24
from
names;
25 begin
26
null;
27 end;
28 /
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
SQL> sho err
Errors for PROCEDURE NAMES_PROCESSOR:

LINE/COL
-------3/7
4/18
22/7

ERROR
-----------------------------------------------PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
PL/SQL: ORA-00905: missing keyword
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "SELECT"
244

SQL> create or replace
2 procedure NAMES_PROCESSOR is
3
rc sys_refcursor;
4 begin
5
open rc for
6
q'{ WITH
7
8
9
begin
...
23
return l_string;
24
end;
25
26
from
names
27
}';
28 end;
29 /
Procedure created.

WITH_PLSQL

unrelated to previous
246

SQL> insert into NAMES2
2 WITH
3
function my_initcap(p_string varchar2)
4
return varchar2 is
5
6
begin
...
20
end;
22 from
names;
23 /
WITH
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause

248

SQL> insert /*+ WITH_PLSQL */ into NAMES2
2 WITH
3
function my_initcap(p_string varchar2)
4
return varchar2 is
5
6
begin
...
20
end;
22 from
names;
23 /
5 rows inserted.

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

with
function f return timestamp as
begin
return systimestamp;
end;
select f
from dual
connect by level <= 10;
/

F
---------------------------------------05-JAN-14 08.09.43.969000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.970000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.970000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.971000000 PM
...

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

with
function f return timestamp DETERMINISTIC as
begin
end;
select f
from dual
/

F
---------------------------------------05-JAN-14 08.09.52.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.146000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.146000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.147000000 PM
...

conventional scalar caching

254

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

with
function f return timestamp as
begin
end;
select ( select f from dual )
from dual
/

F
---------------------------------------05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
...

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6

create or replace
function F return number is
begin
return 1;
end;
/

Function created.

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

select sum(f)
from
( select level from dual
connect by level <= 1000 ),
connect by level <= 1000 )
;

SUM(F)
---------1000000
Elapsed: 00:00:02.04

258

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

with
function f1 return number is
begin
return 1;
end;
select sum(f1)
from
/

SUM(F1)
---------1000000
Elapsed: 00:00:00.52

"but what about all my PLSQL !!!"

260

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

create or replace
function F return number is
pragma udf;
begin
return 1;
end;
/

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

select sum(f)
from
;

SUM(F)
---------1000000
Elapsed: 00:00:00.36

Feature
top-n simplifications

262

"5 most recently hired employees"

263

SQL>
2
3
4

select empno, ename, hiredate
from emp
where rownum <= 5
order by hiredate desc;

EMPNO
---------7654
7566
7521
7499
7369

ENAME
---------MARTIN
JONES
WARD
ALLEN
SMITH

HIREDATE
------------------28/09/1981 00:00:00
02/04/1981 00:00:00
22/02/1981 00:00:00
20/02/1981 00:00:00
17/12/1980 00:00:00

264

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

select *
from (
from emp
order by hiredate desc
)
where rownum <= 2;

EMPNO
---------7876
7788

ENAME
---------ADAMS
SCOTT

HIREDATE
--------23-MAY-87
19-APR-87

266

-----------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows |
-----------------------------------------------|
|
|
2 |
|* 1 | COUNT STOPKEY
|
|
|
|
2 |
VIEW
|
|
14 |
|* 3 |
SORT ORDER BY STOPKEY|
|
14 |
|
4 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| EMP |
14 |
------------------------------------------------

267

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

select *
from (
select
empno, ename, hiredate,
row_number() over ( order by hiredate desc) rn
from emp
)
where rn <= 2;

268

------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows |
------------------------------------------------|
|
|
14 |
|* 1 | VIEW
|
|
14 |
|* 2 |
WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK|
|
14 |
|
3 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| EMP |
14 |
------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
--------------------------------------------------1 - filter("RN"<=2)
2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER
( ORDER BY HIREDATE") DESC )<=2)

269

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch first 2 rows only;

EMPNO
---------7876
7788

ENAME
---------ADAMS
SCOTT

HIREDATE
--------23-MAY-87
19-APR-87

271

------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows |
------------------------------------------------|
|
|
14 |
|* 1 | VIEW
|
|
14 |
|* 2 |
WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK|
|
14 |
|
3 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| EMP |
14 |
------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
--------------------------------------------------1 - filter("from$_subquery$_002".
"rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=2)

2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER
( ORDER BY HIREDATE") DESC )<=2)
273

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch first 1 row only;

EMPNO ENAME
HIREDATE
---------- ---------- --------7876 ADAMS
23-MAY-87

275

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch first 5 row only;

EMPNO
---------7876
7788
7934
7900
7902

ENAME
---------ADAMS
SCOTT
MILLER
JAMES
FORD

HIREDATE
--------23-MAY-87
19-APR-87
23-JAN-82
03-DEC-81
03-DEC-81

276

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch first 10 percent rows only;

EMPNO
---------7876
7788

ENAME
---------ADAMS
SCOTT

HIREDATE
--------23-MAY-87
19-APR-87

277

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
offset 5 rows fetch next 3 rows only;

EMPNO
---------7839
7654
7844

ENAME
---------KING
MARTIN
TURNER

HIREDATE
--------17-NOV-81
28-SEP-81
08-SEP-81

279

SQL> select empno, ename, hiredate
2 from emp
4


EMPNO
---------7369
7499
7521

ENAME
---------SMITH
ALLEN
WARD

HIREDATE
--------17-DEC-80
20-FEB-81
22-FEB-81

281

----------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name | Rows |
----------------------------------------------|
|
|
14 |
|* 1 | VIEW
|
|
14 |
|* 2 |
WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY|
|
14 |
|
3 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| EMP |
14 |
----------------------------------------------1 - filter("from$_subquery$_002"."rowlimit_$
2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY NULL ) <= 3

282

SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch LAST 5 rows only;

fetch LAST 5 rows only
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00905: missing keyword

284

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

select *
from (
from emp
order by hiredate asc
fetch first 5 rows only
)
order by hiredate desc;

EMPNO
---------7698
7566
7521
7499
7369

ENAME
---------BLAKE
JONES
WARD
ALLEN
SMITH

HIREDATE
--------01-MAY-81
02-APR-81
22-FEB-81
20-FEB-81
17-DEC-80

285

SQL>
2
3
4
5

from emp
offset ( select count(*)-5 from emp) rows

EMPNO
---------7698
7566
7521
7499
7369

ENAME
---------BLAKE
JONES
WARD
ALLEN
SMITH

HIREDATE
--------01-MAY-81
02-APR-81
22-FEB-81
20-FEB-81
17-DEC-80

287

---------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name
| Rows |
---------------------------------------------|
|
|
14 |
|* 1 | VIEW
|
|
14 |
|
2 |
WINDOW SORT
|
|
14 |
|
3 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP
|
14 |
|
4 |
SORT AGGREGATE
|
|
1 |
|
5 |
INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_EMP |
14 |
----------------------------------------------

ugh
288

SQL>
2
3
4
5

from emp
offset 20 percent fetch
next 10 percent rows only;

offset 20 percent fetch next 10 percent rows only
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00905: missing keyword

290

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6

from emp
offset
( select 20/100*count(*) from emp) rows
fetch next 10 percent rows only;

EMPNO
---------7934
7902

ENAME
---------MILLER
FORD

HIREDATE
--------23-JAN-82
03-DEC-81

291

"Note that in real life,
you would use bind variables
instead of hard-coded literals"
- Tom Kyte,
Oracle Magazine, Sep 13
293

SQL> variable x number
SQL> exec :x := 5
SQL>
2
3
4

from emp
fetch first :x rows only;

EMPNO
---------7876
7788
7934
7900
7902

ENAME
---------ADAMS
SCOTT
MILLER
JAMES
FORD

HIREDATE
--------23-MAY-87
19-APR-87
23-JAN-82
03-DEC-81
03-DEC-81
295

SQL> declare
2
l_num number := 5;
3 begin
4
for i in (
5
6
from emp
7
8
fetch first l_num rows only
9 )
10 loop
11
null;
12 end loop;
13 end;
14 /
declare
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 26618
Session ID: 25 Serial number: 53023
296

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

declare
l_num number := 5;
begin
for i in (
from emp
fetch first cast(l_num as number) rows only
)
loop
null;
end loop;
end;
/


297

SQL> create table emp2 as
2 select * from emp;
Table created.
SQL> select *
2 from emp e,
3
emp2 e2,
4
dept d
5 where e.deptno = d.deptno(+)
6 and
e2.deptno = d.deptno(+)
7 and
e.empno = e2.empno
8 /
where e.deptno = d.deptno(+)
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-01417: a table may be outer joined to at most
one other table

300

but ANSI syntax works …

301

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

select *
from emp e,
emp2 e2,
dept d
where e.deptno = d.deptno(+)
and
e2.deptno = d.deptno(+)
and
e.empno = e2.empno
/

EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR
---------- ---------- --------- ---------7934 MILLER
CLERK
7782
...

303

SQL> drop table DEPT_BENEFITS purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table DEPT_BENEFITS as
2 select d.*, 10 benefits from dept d;
Table created.
SQL> insert into DEPT_BENEFITS
2 select d.*, 20 benefits from dept d;

4 rows created.

305

SQL>
2
3
4
5

select e.empno, e.deptno, d.benefits
from
emp e,
DEPT_BENEFITS d
where e.deptno = d.deptno
order by 1,3;

EMPNO
DEPTNO
BENEFITS
---------- ---------- ---------7369
20
10
7369
20
20
7499
30
10
7499
30
20
7521
30
10
7521
30
20
...
...

306

"benefits for each employee"

307

SQL> select e.empno, d.deptno, b.benefits
2 from
emp e,
3
( select benefits
4
from
DEPT_BENEFITS d
5
where d.deptno = e.deptno
6
) b
7 order by 1,3;
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00904: "E"."DEPTNO": invalid identifier

308

SQL> select e.empno, e.deptno, b.benefits
2 from
emp e
3
CROSS APPLY
4
( select benefits
5
from
DEPT_BENEFITS d
6
7
) b
8 order by 1,3;
EMPNO
DEPTNO
BENEFITS
---------- ---------- ---------7369
20
10
7369
20
20
7499
30
10
...
...

SQL> select e.empno,
2 from
emp e,
3
( select
4
from
5
where
6
) b
7
8 order by 1,3;

d.deptno, b.benefits
benefits
DEPT_BENEFITS d
d.deptno = e.deptno

312

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

select e.empno, d.deptno, b.benefits
from
emp e,
( select benefits
from
DEPT_BENEFITS d
) b
order by 1,3;

312

"best benefit for each employee"

313

SQL> select e.empno, e.deptno, b.benefits
2 from
emp e
3
CROSS APPLY
4
( select benefits
5
from
DEPT_BENEFITS d
6
7
order by benefits desc
8
fetch first 1 rows only
9
) b
10 order by 1,3;
EMPNO
DEPTNO
BENEFITS
---------- ---------- ---------7369
20
20
7499
30
20
7521
30
20
7566
20
20
7654
30
20
...

314

SQL> create table PARENT ( p int, pdata varchar2(20) );
Table created.
SQL> create table CHILD ( c int, p int, cdata char(200));
Table created.
SQL>
2
3
4

insert into PARENT
select rownum*2+1, rownum
from
dual

500 rows created.

SQL>
2
3
4

insert into CHILD
select rownum, mod(rownum,1000)*2, rownum
from
dual

9999 rows created.

316

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('','PARENT')
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('','CHILD')

SQL> create index CHILD_IX on CHILD ( p ) ;
Index created.
SQL> select count(*) from PARENT
2 where p < 10;
COUNT(*)
---------4
317

SQL> set autotrace traceonly explain
SQL>
2
3
4
5

select *
from
PARENT p,
CHILD c
where p.p < 10
and
p.p = c.p;

--------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name
| Rows |
--------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
4 |
|
1 | NESTED LOOPS
|
|
|
|
2 |
NESTED LOOPS
|
|
4 |
|* 3 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| PARENT
|
4 |
|* 4 |
INDEX RANGE SCAN
| CHILD_IX |
1 |
|
5 |
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| CHILD
|
1 |
--------------------------------------------------------Note
----- this is an adaptive plan
318

SQL>
2
3
4

insert into PARENT
select mod(rownum,5)*2+1, rownum
from dual

20000 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(*) from PARENT
2 where p < 10;
COUNT(*)
---------20004

320

SQL>
2
3
4
5

select /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ *
from
CHILD c,
PARENT p
where p.p < 10
and
p.p = c.p;

no rows selected
SQL> select *
2 from table(
3
dbms_xplan.display_cursor(
4
null,null,'ALLSTATS LAST +ADAPTIVE'));

322

----------------------------------------------------------|
Id | Operation
| Name
|
----------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
| * 1 | HASH JOIN
|
|
|2 |
NESTED LOOPS
|
|
|3 |
NESTED LOOPS
|
|
|4 |
STATISTICS COLLECTOR
|
|
| * 5 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| PARENT
|
|- * 6 |
INDEX RANGE SCAN
| CHILD_IX |
|7 |
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID
| CHILD
|
|
8 |
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| CHILD
|
| * 9 |
INDEX RANGE SCAN
| CHILD_IX |
-----------------------------------------------------------

SQL> select *
2 from table(
3
dbms_xplan.display_cursor(
4
null,null,'ALLSTATS LAST'));
--------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation
| Name
|
--------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
|* 1 | HASH JOIN
|
|
|* 2 |
TABLE ACCESS FULL
| PARENT
|
|
3 |
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED| CHILD
|
|* 4 |
INDEX RANGE SCAN
| CHILD_IX |
--------------------------------------------------------Note
----- this is an adaptive plan

327

tools will (hopefully) catch up

329

Feature
invisible columns

330

have been there "forever"

331

SQL> create table T
2
( x int,
3
y int);
Table created.
SQL> create index IX on T (x+0);
Index created.
SQL> alter table T set unused column Y;
Table altered.

334

SQL>
2
3
4

select
from
where
order

column_name, data_default
USER_TAB_COLS
table_name = 'T'
by column_id;

COLUMN_NAME
DATA_DEFAULT
------------------------------ ---------------X
SYS_NC00003$
"X"+0
SYS_C00002_14020720:50:28$

335

SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int, c3 int );
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
---------------------------- -------C1
C2
C3

Type
------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

SQL> alter table T modify c1 invisible;
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
---------------------------- -------C2
C3

Type
------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

337

SQL> alter table T modify c1 visible;
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
---------------------------- -------C2
C3
C1

Type
------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

339

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7

create or replace
procedure P is
begin
insert into T (c1,c2,c3)
values (1,10,100);
end;
/

Procedure created.
SQL> exec P
Table altered.
SQL> alter table T modify c1 visible;

Table altered.
341

SQL> exec P

C2
C3
C1
---------- ---------- ---------10
100
1
1
10
100
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
------------------- -------C2
C3
C1

Type
-------------------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

342

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

create or replace
procedure FIX_COLS(p_tab varchar2, p_col_list varchar2) is
l_col_list varchar2(1000) := p_col_list||',';
type clist is table of varchar2(30)
index by pls_integer;
c clist;
l_col varchar2(30);
l_id int;
begin
while instr(l_col_list,',') > 1 loop
c(c.count+1) := substr(l_col_list,1,instr(l_col_list,',')-1);
l_col_list
:= substr(l_col_list,instr(l_col_list,',')+1);
dbms_output.put_line(c(c.count));
end loop;
for i in 1 .. c.count loop
loop
select column_name
into
l_col
from
user_tab_columns
where table_name = p_tab
and
column_id = i;
exit when l_col = c(i);
execute immediate 'alter table '||p_tab||' modify '||l_col||' invisible';
execute immediate 'alter table '||p_tab||' modify '||l_col||' visible';
end loop;
end loop;
end;
/

343

SQL> exec FIX_COLS('T','C1,C2,C3');
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
---------------------------- -------C1
C2
C3

Type
------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

344

SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int ) ;
Table created.

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

create or replace
procedure APP1 is
begin
insert into T
select object_id, data_object_id
from
all_objects
where rownum < 10;
end;
/

Procedure created.
SQL> exec APP1;

347

SQL> alter table T add c3 int;
Table altered.

SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

create or replace
procedure APP2 is
begin
for i in ( select c1,c2,c3 from T )
loop
dbms_output.put_line(i.c1);
end loop;
end;
/

Procedure created.

349

SQL> exec APP2;
28
28
15
15
29
29
25
25
54

350

SQL> exec APP1
BEGIN APP1; END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00905: object SCOTT.APP1 is invalid
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

353

Table altered.

SQL> exec APP2;
28
28
15
15
29
29
25
25
54
SQL> exec APP1;

354

SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int invisible);
Table created.

SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
Type
------------------------- -------- -----------------C1
NUMBER(38)
SQL> set colinvisible ON
SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
------------------------- -------C1
C2 (INVISIBLE)

Type
----------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

356

SQL> alter table T add "C3 (INVISIBLE)" int;
Table altered.

358

SQL> alter table T add "C3 (INVISIBLE)" int;
Table altered.

SQL> desc T
Name
Null?
------------------------- -------C1
C3 (INVISIBLE)
C2 (INVISIBLE)

Type
-----------NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)
NUMBER(38)

358

and a whole lot more features

we didnt get to today ...

359

12c for Developers - Feb 2014

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (19)

Destacado

Destacado (8)

Similar a 12c for Developers - Feb 2014

Similar a 12c for Developers - Feb 2014 (20)

Más de Connor McDonald

Más de Connor McDonald (20)

Último

Último (20)

12c for Developers - Feb 2014