2. MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
in diabetic patients include
disorders of libido, ejaculatory
problems, and erectile dysfunction
(ED)
3. DEFINITION
inability to achieve, maintain
or sustain an erection firm
enough for sexual intercourse
that may result from
psychological, neurological,
hormonal, arterial, or
cavernosal impairment or
from a combination of these
factors,
4. PREVALENCE
varies from 35% to 90%
3x more common in diabetic men
age
duration of diabetes and poor glycaemic control,
presence of other diabetic complications
hypertension,
hyperlipidaemia,
sedentary lifestyle and smoking
5. PHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTION
sexual stimulation
neural impulses from brain are conveyed
along the spinal cord, exiting pelvic
parasympathetic preganglionic nerves
cavernosal nerves
their nerve endings release a
nitric oxide
Nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylyl
cyclase, which lyses GTP cGMP
6. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in
the arteries, arterioles, and sinusoids of the
corpora cavernosa
the distended sinusoids compress venules
against the fibroelastic covering of the
cavernosal bodies and trap the blood in
cavernosal bodies.
trap the blood within the corpora cavernosa
and raise the penis from to erect
Veno-occlusive Mechanism
7. SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS
screened for any symptoms or signs of
hypogonadism and early morning serum
testosterone should be performed
Screening 5-item version of the International
Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire
8.
9. TREATMENT
Optimisation of glycaemic control, management of
other comorbidities and lifestyle modifications
Psychosexual counseling
treatment = Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors
(sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil)
confirmed hypogonadism = treated with IM
testosterone
Other therapies intracavernosal injections,
intraurethral alprostadil, vacuum devices
10.
11. FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Female sexual function appears to be more
related to social and psychological
consequence of diabetes than to the
physiological consequence.
12. DEFINITION
defined as persistent or recurring decrease in
sexual arousal, dyspareunia and a difficulty
or inability to achieve an orgasm that leads
to personal distress and relationship
difficulties
consist of female sexual interest/arousal
disorder, orgasmic disorder and genito-
pelvic pain/penetration disorder
13. PREVALENCE
24–75% in diabetic women
Age
duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic
control, diabetic complications
Menopause
psychological factors (depression and
anxiety disorder)
14. Depression
imbalance in the hormonal levels of diabetic women
Hyperglycemia reduces the hydration of the vaginal mucus
membranes poor vaginal lubrication and dyspareunia and
increases the risk of genitourinary infections
atherosclerotic damage and diabetes-induced endothelial
dysfunction reducing the engorgement of the clitoris
Diabetic neuropathy may altering both the normal
transduction of sexual stimuli and the triggered sexual
response.
16. DIAGNOSIS
FSFI questionnaire that consists of 19 questions
Physical examination genital examination,
thyroid status or galactorrhoea
Investigations: thyroid, prolactin and
gonadotrophins, to rule out metabolic or pituitary
dysfunction may be required