1. Starvation
Done by:
Fatma, Islam, Yalda, Hady, and Hani

2. What is Starvation or Famine?
• It is a severe shortage of
food, generally affecting a
widespread area and large
numbers of people.
• The causes of starvation are
both man-made and naturally
made

3. Where is Starvation found?

4. Naturally Made Causes
1. Droughts
2. Floods
3. Earthquakes
4. Insect Plagues
5. Plant Diseases

5. Man-Made Causes
1. Wars
2. Civil Disturbances
3. Sieges
4. Deliberate crop destruction
5. Severe Poverty
6. Inefficient food distribution
7. Population increases disproportionate to the
food-producing or procuring capacity of people
in a region

6. Other Causes
1. Recession
2. Economic inequality
3. Shocks to food prices
4. Lacking Democracy in poor
countries
5. Weak rule of law
6. Poor management of
resource revenues
7. Poor access to affordable
education
8. Corruption
9. Over population

7. Statistics on a Universal level
• In the Asian, African and Latin American
countries, over 500 million people are living
in what the World Bank has called quot;absolute
povertyquot;
• Every year 15 million children die of hunger
• For the price of one missile, a school full of
hungry children could eat lunch every day
for 5 years
• In the Asian, African and Latin American
countries, well over 500 million people are
living in what the World Bank has called
quot;absolute povertyquot;
• Every year 15 million children die of hunger
• Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger

8. India

9. Statistics on India
• Population: 1.14 Billion; urban 27.8%
• Annual Growth Rate: 1.3%
• Education: Years compulsory-none
• Literacy: 64.84%
• Health: Infant Mortality Rate:
34.61/1000
• Work Force: 450 million
I. Agriculture: 60%
II. Industry and commerce: 18%
III. Services and government:22%

10. More statistics
• Indian supports over 15% of the world’s
population.
• India’s median age is 25 (one of the youngest
among large economies).
• 70% live in more than 550,000 villages.
• The remainder live in 200 towns and cities.

11. Statistics on hunger in India
• By 2005, the percentage of poor has declined by
26%; the economy grew by 5%.
• India has the highest percentage of people
suffering from hunger in the world; 200 million.
• The 2008 Global Hunger Index ranks India at 66 of
88 countries.
• Not one of the 17 states in India were in the low
or moderate hunger category.

12. Table 1: Percentage and Number of
Poor in India Since 1973
Year Percentage of Poor Number of poor Annual Real Rate of
(Millions) decline in the
number of poor
1973-74 54.90% 321 4%
1977-78 51.30% 329 -0.59%
1983 44.50% 323 0.31%
1987-88 38.90% 307 1.25%
1993-94 36.00% 320 -0.70%
1999-00 26.10% 260 3.40%
• As for the expert Group Methodology.
• A negative rate of decline means the number of poor increased.
Source: National Institute of Rural Development (2004); Rural Development
Statistics, 2002-03

13. More statistics
• India scored worse than nearly 25
sub-saharan African countries and
all of South Asia, except
Bangladesh, despite economic
growth.
• Best performing state has a
“serious” hunger problem.
• Around 60% of more than 10
million children in the state of
Madhya Pradesh were
malnourished.

15. Causes for famine in India
1. Inadequate access to food.
2. Poor Feeding practices.
3. Poor childcare practices in India.

16. Main Causes
• Today, the Global Food Crisis is
the main cause for starvation
in India.
• Global Food Crisis: The prices
for basics are increasing such
as rice and wheat.
• Many people in India earn 2$
or less in a day.
• This problem happened the
first when the British arrived in
India and introduced free
markets in food.

17. Drought
• The last main cause includes the
droughts.
• Agriculture in India is controlled by
the weather, and the availability of
water is dependant on Monsoons.
• Most famous famines:
1. The Bengal Famine of 1770: one
third died
2. 1876-1877: 5 million died
3. 1899 Famine: 4.5 million died
4. Bengal Famine of 1943: 5 million
died

18. Theory behind Famine in India
• The Dependency theory.
• This is based on the Marxist
analysis of inequalities within
the world system, but
contrasts with the view of
free market where
economists who argue that
free trade advances poor
states along an enriching
path to full economic
integration.

19. Somalia

20. • Location: Kenya, East Africa.
• Area: 738,000 sq km.
• Population: 10 Million

21. Causes of starvation:
• Drought.
• Civil War.

22. Drought
• Climates in Somalia are 30 – 40 degree’s Celsius
at maximum. 15 – 30 degree’s Celsius at
minimum.
• There is little rainfall in Somalia.
• The factors above go hand in hand and lead to
draught.
• Consequences: Water shortage, less crops, dust
storms, and the destructions of habitats.

23. Civil War: Background information
• On July 1 1960 Somalia became
independent.
• This caused the country to be
divided into three sectors :
- English Somalia
- Italian Somalia
- French Somalia (a.k.a.
Djibouti)
• Major General Muhammad Siad
Barre attempted to establish
Somalia as a socialist state.

24. Civil War: The Start of Chaos
• In 1991 people began to rebel against Barre’s new regime.
• This caused many interclan and interfactional wars.
• The U.N. and forces in the U.S.A. took notice and attempted to
help.
• They over came the starvation issue for a short time but
security was still an ongoing issue.
• They withdrew all their resources in 1994 due to suffering too
many casualties as a result of the civil wars taking place.

25. Civil War: Further Destruction
• The interfactional wars did not stop.
• No government, and an attempt to
set up a new government (in the year
2000)failed.
• Regions of Somalia began to separate
themselves from the country. They
tried to be more individual.
• After September 11 2001 the U.S.A.
decided to become more involved
again due to fears of undergoing a
terrorist attack by Somalia. This only
worsened the situation and
encouraged more interfactional wars.

26. Sociological Perspective
• Social Conflict theory exists here
in the form of regional conflict.
• Different groups seek to gain
power and reshape the society in
the way which they feel is best.
• In a way we can also assume that
this is a man made conflict since
it is the people of the nation
themselves who are worsening
the situation.

27. • The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) has received
information from Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha
(Masum) in West Bengal, India, that people in
Murshidabad district are dying of starvation while the
government authorities have not taken any effective action
to stop the deaths. One five-year-old boy is reported to
have been eating dirt before he died.
• Location: Dayarampur village
• Persons affected:
1. Azizul Haque
2. Alimuddin Seik, aged about 67, husband of Jahida Beoa
3. Jahida Beoa, aged 60, wife of Alimuddin Seik
4. Sattar Seik, aged 50
• And many others.

28. • Azizul Haque
• Neimuddin stated that his brother Azizul Haque died of hunger
because of no work to earn a livelihood. Up to today Azizul's wife
and son are starving, and may also die from hunger soon
• Alimuddin Seik and Jahida Beoa
• Sukuda Bibi, a relative of Alimuddin Seik and his wife Jahida Beoa,
says that both of them died recently after their bodies swelled up
from malnutrition.
• Another five-year-old boy also died suffering from the same cause.
Five days ago his stomach was swelled up. It was found out that he
had been living by eating dirt. For many days there had been no
cooking in his house.

29. • Sattar Seik
• Sattar Seik died of hunger at the Behrampur
District Sadar Hospital. He was referred there
from the Rural Health Centre of Sadikhanrdeyar.
On this case Dr Ashish Kumar Ghosh said, quot;We
don't have proper and sufficient medical
equipment and so we have to refer our patients
to the district hospital.The patients who have
been referred to the district hospital here are not
in condition even to utter a word. They have been
kept on oxygen but nothing can be said regarding
their improvement.

31. Organizations that Help to cope
with Famine
Chauncy Maples Malawi Trust
Medical Benevolence Foundation
Free lessons for Knysna Schoolchildren
RIPPLE Africa
SOS Children: Aids Africa
Link Ethiopia
Achieve in Africa
Poverty In Africa. You Can Help
Self Help Africa
Transafrika Cultural Institutes
Stand Up For Africa, etc.

32. Medical Benevolence Foundation
The Medical Benevolence Foundation (MBF) has worked to
provide hope and healing to those most in need.

34. Stand Up For Africa
• This organization provides lots of opportunities for
people to help support deprived children and young
people in Africa.
• It also are raising funds to build a dedicated Crisis
Response Centre that will provide a range of services to
support young people and women affected by physical
and emotional abuses such as domestic violence, rape
and neglect.

35. What Can Be Done?
• We can Donate.
• We can Increase Awareness.
• We can participate in organizations that help
to reduce poverty.

36. References
• http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm
• http://www.foodjustice.net/ha/mainfile.php/ha2005/38/
• http://incredimazing.com/page/Kevin_Carters_Pulitzer_Prizewinnin
g_Photo
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine
• library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/present/stats.htm
• http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html
• http://library.thinkquest.org/10136/famine/famitq.htm
• http://news .bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7669152.stm
• http://rediff.com/money/2008/may/26interl.htm
• http://stanford.wellsphere.com/vitamins-supplements-article/blog-
action-day-fighting-starvation/422869