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- 1. Henry Briggs Open Source Software: Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education EDUC-7101-1/EDUC-8841-1 Dr. David Thornburg Walden University 07/08/09, revised version 8.0
- 4. Open Source Software Abstract The utilization of the computer and web technology has given rise to many innovations in the educational community.
- 5. Richard Stallman: A Man With An Open Vision
- 6. Quote Accompanying Richard Stallman's software “ Share this code with your fellow users. Learn from it. Improve upon it. And when you're done, please give something back to the community” (Kidd, 2000).
- 7. Linus Torvalds Author of the Linux Kernel Operating System
- 8. Who, What, Who, What? The business community would be the first to adopt open source because of the monetary savings. The education community would also be an early adopter of open source because of the many applications and savings that can be applied to other school departments. The strategies that will be the most persuasive would be to point out the savings and the compatibility the open source has to be used for instructional strategies The laggards would be the traditionalist that are afraid of change.
- 11. Modifications
- 12. Author's source code integrity.
- 14. No restriction on application License distribution
- 15. License must not be product-specific
- 16. No restriction on other software - Technology neutrality (Open Source Software in Education 2008)
- 18. Open Source Software: Adapted and Used by Older Hardware
- 19. A Variety of Software is Available for Many Uses and Users.
- 20. Free Open Source Code: The Keys Are Free To All
- 22. Collaboration
- 23. Free Open Source Collaborative Tools 1. Access Grid; audio and video collaboration 2. Citadel; collaboration suite 3. OpenGroupware.org; software server for multiple clients 4. Spicebird; personal information manager 5. Audacity; audio recorder and editor 6. Synfig; animation builder 7. Cmap; concept mapping tool 8.-A Plethora of other free open source applications that are used for collaboration.
- 24. Open Source Software is used throughout society; whether indoors or outdoors, mobile or home.
- 27. 1970's Software became closed
- 28. 1970's late – 1980's Stallman founded GNU project
- 29. 1980's late 1 st Open Source License BSD
- 30. 1980's – 1990's early development continues
- 31. 1991 – 1992 Net/2 complete operating system
- 32. 1991-1992 final version Linux kernel; creation GNU/Linux
- 33. 1993 386BSD developed into family of BSD
- 34. 1990's late Acceptance of open source products
- 35. 1998 Liberation of Netscape; Mozilla web browser officially launched
- 36. Development -One of the diffusion studies positioned the thoughts on the paper titled “ Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers!” By David A. Wheeler and uses quantitative data to give reasons why institutions and individuals may consider using Open Source Software.
- 37. Technological Improvements Open Source Software has addressed many of the technological difficulties of online learning. In this age of communication, the Open Source Software has enabled the world to connect and collaborate, through the circulation of the software.
- 38. Open Source Software is compatible with most computer hardware and other applications
- 40. Commercialism -The commercialism and marketing of the Open Source Software is simple because there is minimal, if any charge for the various software downloads, modification or use. -In the educational community through sharing information and various educational tools the increase of the software use has become more wide spread.
- 41. Open Source Software is also used by the business community:
- 42. S-Curve of Linux Kernel - Free Open Source Operating System 29 million 1991 2001 early 2005 early Linux adopters majority 18 million 1st. User Linus Torvalds Continues to diffuse in society
- 44. “ created by tens of thousands of programmers all collaborating to create, and improve upon, a flawless website framework” (Dynamic Website Development and Design 2009).
- 45. others can modify the Open Source Software to suit their individual person or group or school needs
- 46. Benefits Continued - 2: -free open source code -detect and change or delete the attacker program, where as propriety software has hidden codes and spy-ware maybe hidden in the code without the knowledge of users and may require a fee by the proprietary vendor to rid the system of the spy-ware (The Linux Information Project 2004).
- 47. Benefits Continued - 3: -can be used on older hardware and thereby this is beneficial to all and especially to lower income individuals and others in third world countries who get donations of older computers who can take advantage of these open source software resources -savings monetarily lets one invest in other educational endeavors -allow teachers to expose students to a wide range of software products -addresses security issues because its source code is open and available to the users and if any “back-doors” or spy-ware is written into the program the users will be able to use
- 50. Internet Protocol [IP], and internet address system
- 51. GNU/Linux operating system, Unix-like operating system
- 52. Open Source can be currently utilized by many learners around the world. Its use is expected to continue to expand. Huli Wigmen of Papua, New Guinea using laptop computers.
- 53. References Clipart retrieved from: http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSE QuarterlyMagazineVolum/OpenSourceSoftwareinEducation/162873 on 6/25/09. Clipart, retrieved from; www.tcpd.org on 7/1/09 Kidd, (2000). Richard Stallman's Software Quote. REMINDER: ADD REMAIDER OF REFERENCE Lakhan, S. E., Jhunihuwala, K. (2008). Open Source Software in Education; EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY. Vol. 31, no.2 Celebrating 10 Years of Mozilla http://www-archive.mozilla.org/mozilla-ten-year.html Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations ; Simon & Schuster, Inc., Free Press; New York, NY. Vandana Singh, Michael B. Twidale, David M. Nichols, "Users of Open Source Software - How Do They Get Help?," hicss, pp.1-10, 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2009 Wheeler, D. A. “ Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! http://irm.stackworks.net/ www.wikipedia.com
Notas del editor
- Henry Briggs Open Source Software: Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education EDUC-7101-1/EDUC-8841-1 Dr. David Thornburg Walden University 07/08/09, revised version 6.0
- Open Source Software Thornburg Center 25 years of pragmatic visionaries An innovation for teaching and learning with the use of technology- One of the organizations that offer Open Source Software.
- Open Source Software Connect the world by free open source software
- Open Source Software Abstract The utilization of the computer and web technology has given rise to many innovations in the educational community. Education News A new way to teach and learn
- Richard Stallman: A man with an open vision. Envisioned free software used by all in whatever way they chose as long as they will share the software free to all. Richard Stallman had the idea of open source software with the source code free for use to all;
- Quote Accompanying Richard Stallman's software “ Share this code with your fellow users. Learn from it. Improve upon it. And when you're done, please give something back to the community” (Kidd, 2000).
- Linus Torvalds Author of the Linux Kernel Operating System Linus Torvalds wrote an operating system with free source code that used the license of GNU written by Stallman,s foundation and used open source software.
- Who, What, Who, What? The business community would be the first to adopt open source because of the monetary savings. The education community would also be an early adopter of open source because of the many applications and savings that can be applied to other school departments. The strategies that will be the most persuasive would be to point out the savings and the compatibility the open source has to be used for instructional strategies The laggards would be the traditionalist that are afraid of change.
- Attributes: Which combination of perceived attributes would be best for helping your innovation meet critical mass in your industry? Unrestricted distribution Source code distribution Modifications Author's source code integrity. No personal discrimination No restriction on application License distribution License must not be product-specific No restriction on other software - Technology neutrality (Open Source Software in Education 2008)
- Stage 1: Need Tools used by individuals with minimum or no cost. Beneficial to individuals and nations with financial difficulties.
- Open Source Software: Adapted and used by older hardware
- A variety of software is available for many uses and users. Software development
- Free open source code: The keys [code] are free to all The source code can be used by anyone wanting to change or adopt the application for their personal use. Can be distributed to others free of charge.
- Stage 2: Research With the collaboration of programmers from around the world and the use of these applications by the programmers that wrote them the software is safer than proprietary software which cost.
- Collaboration With the shift toward distance education in the educational community the free software that is offered through various organizations such as the Thornburg Center; give many of those that have financial difficulties the opportunity to obtain higher education.
- Free open source collaborative tools 1. Access Grid; audio and video collaboration 2. Citadel; collaboration suite 3. OpenGroupware.org; software server for multiple clients 4. Spicebird; personal information manager 5. Audacity; audio recorder and editor 6. Synfig; animation builder 7. Cmap; concept mapping tool 8.-A Plethora of other free open source applications that are used for collaboration.
- Open Source Software is used by the many of the educational community from primary to post-secondary educational users. Educational institutes will be able to devote monetary resources saved with the use of free open source software to other projects.
- Stage 3: Development
- History of open source software 1960's Bundled software with IBM 1970's Software became closed 1970's late – 1980's Stallman founded GNU project 1980's late 1 st Open Source License BSD 1980's – 1990's early development continues 1991 – 1992 Net/2 complete operating system 1991-1992 final version Linux kernel; creation GNU/Linux 1993 386BSD developed into family of BSD 1990's late Acceptance of open source products 1998 Liberation of Netscape; Mozilla web browser officially launched
- Development -One of the diffusion studies positioned the thoughts on the paper titled “ Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers!” By David A. Wheeler and uses quantitative data to give reasons why institutions and individuals may consider using Open Source Software.
- Technological improvements Open Source Software has addressed many of the technological difficulties of online learning. In this age of communication, the Open Source Software has enabled the world to connect and collaborate, through the circulation of the software.
- Open source software is comparable with most computer hardware and other applications.
- Stage 4: commercialization
- Commercialization -The commercialism and marketing of the Open Source Software is simple because there is minimal, if any charge for the various software downloads, modification or use. -In the educational community through sharing information and various educational tools the increase of the software use has become more wide spread.
- Open source software is used by the business community.
- S Curve of Linux Kernel – free open source operating systems
- Benefits public collaboration behind each project. “ created by tens of thousands of programmers all collaborating to create, and improve upon, a flawless website framework” (Dynamic Website Development and Design 2009). others can modify the Open Source Software to suit their individual person or group or school needs
- Benefits Continued -2- -free open source code -detect and change or delete the attacker program, where as propriety software has hidden codes and spy-ware maybe hidden in the code without the knowledge of users and may require a fee by the proprietary vendor to rid the system of the spy-ware (The Linux Information Project 2004).
- Benefits Continued -3- -can be used on older hardware and thereby this is beneficial to all and especially to lower income individuals and others in third world countries who get donations of older computers who can take advantage of these open source software resources -savings monetarily lets one invest in other educational endeavors -allow teachers to expose students to a wide range of software products -addresses security issues because its source code is open and available to the users and if any “back-doors” or spy-ware is written into the program the users will be able to use
- Open Source Software [OSS] Common and/or Successful OSS products: Mozilla Foxfire, internet browser Apache HTTP Server Internet Protocol [IP], and internet address system GNU/Linux operating system, Unix-like operating system
- Open Source can be currently utilized by many learners around the world. Its use is expected to continue to expand. Huli Wigmen of Papua, New Guinea, using laptops.
- Of course, I want to acknowledge my references and thanks to all the new knowledge I have learned and have given to you.