2. Contents
• MEANING OF RESEARCH
• Criteria of Good Research
• OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
• MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
• TYPES OF RESEARCH
• Significance of Research
Research Methods versus Methodology
Research Process
4. Expectations
Meaningful life, sense of satisfaction
Patience
Balanced behavior with individuals
Outcome the way for solution
Good decision making
Personal, academic, social stability
6. Re--------search
• The word research is composed of two syllables, re and
search.
Re is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again
Search is a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test
and try, or to probe. Together they form a noun describing a
careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some
field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.
Re Search
again, a new or over again to examine closely and
carefully
= careful, systematic, patient study
= establish facts or principles
7. Examples
• Removal of textile dyes using acid activated low cost carbon;
• Parimalam R, 2015
• Adsorption of textile dye effluent Using activated carbon obtained From biomass;
• Senthilkumar T, 2015
• Retail Marketing of Textile and Apparel Products In Chennai City A Study With Reference to
Consumer Behaviour;
• S Radha, 2015
• Analytical study on the factors and Methods to improve light fastness of Reactive dyed cotton
fabrics;
• Thiagarajan P, 2015
• A study on the quality of work life of textile employees with special reference to tirupur district
tamil nadu;
• R. KANAKARATHINAM, 2015
8. Examples
• Perception of competency mapping among employees working in textile spinning
mills with special reference to coimbatore district;
• P.REVATHI, 2015
• Financial performance of Textile Industry in Cooperative sector in Tamilnadu;
• RV Kannan, 2015
• Studies on removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using minerals;
• Vijayakumar G, 2015
• A study on working capital management in textile industry;
• Mrs. J. GAYATHRI, 2015
• Assessment of lean manufacturing in apparel export industry of national capital
region;
• Prabhjot Kaur, 2015
9. Criteria Enabling Research
While undertaking a research study to find answers to a
question, it is implied that:
1. the process is being undertaken within a framework of a set
of philosophies (approaches or ideas or thinking);
2. the process uses procedures, methods and techniques that
have been tested for their validity(correct procedures) and
reliability(repeatability and accuracy); Bias is
deliberate/purposeful attempt to either conceal or highlight
something
3. the process is designed to be unbiased and objective Each
Step in an unbiased manner
Each conclusion to the best of one’s ability and
Without introducing one’s own vested interest.
10. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: A careful investigation or inquiry
specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
Redman and Mory : A systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
Clifford Woody: Research comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising
and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and
at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit
the formulating hypothesis
D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson: The manipulation of things, concepts or
symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify
knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or
in the practice of an art.
Reference Material(1) : Research is the systematic method consisting of
enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts
or data, analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in
the form of solutions(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalizations for some theoretical formulation.
Reference Material(2) : Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes
acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new
knowledge that is generally applicable.
11. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
• Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information
to answer questions.
• But to qualify as research, the process must have certain characteristics: it
must, as far as possible, be controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and
verifiable, empirical and critical.
• Controlled- The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in
relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that
minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship.
• Rigorous-You must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures
followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and
justified. varies between the physical and social sciences.
• Systematic-This implies that the procedure adopted to undertake an
investigation follow a certain logical sequence. The different steps cannot
be taken in a haphazard(?) way. Some procedures must follow others
12. • Valid and verifiable-this concept implies that whatever you
conclude on the basis of your findings is correct and can be
verified by you and others.
• Empirical-this means that any conclusion drawn are based
upon hard evidence gathered from information collected
from real life experiences or observations.
• Critical-critical scrutiny of the procedures used and the
methods employed is crucial to a research enquiry. The
process of investigation must be foolproof(perfect) and free
from drawbacks. The process adopted and the procedures
used must be able to withstand critical scrutiny.
• For a process to be called research, it is imperative that it
has the above characteristics.
13. AIMS and OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
• The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the
application of scientific
• procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and
which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own
specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of
following broad groupings:
• 1. exploratory or formulative research studies;
• 2. descriptive research studies;
• 3. diagnostic research studies;
• 4. hypothesis-testing research studies.
• Aims are broad statements of desired outcomes or the general intentions of the
research, which 'paint the picture' of your research proposal –
• they:
• emphasize what is to be accomplished, not how it is to be accomplished
• address the long-term project outcomes, i.e. they should reflect the aspirations
and expectations of the research topic
14. • Objectives are the steps you are going to take to answer your
research questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the
goals of the project - they:
• emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
• must be highly focused and feasible
• address the more immediate project outcomes
• make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely described
• are usually numbered so that each objective reads as an 'individual'
statement to convey your intention
• The objectives provide an accurate description of the specific actions you
will take in order to reach this aim. As with the problem formulation, the
overall objective should be framed in a single sentence. – Each specific
objective consists of one infinitive sentence and should be phrased in a
way that makes it possible to draw a conclusion from within the scope of
the thesis.
15. should and should not
• Aims and Objectives should:
• Be concise and brief.
• Be interrelated; the aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective
describes how you are going to achieve that aim.
• Be realistic about what you can accomplish in the duration of the project and
the other commitments you have
• Provide you and your supervisor(s) with indicators of how you intend to:
– approach the literature and theoretical issues related to your project.
– access your chosen subjects, respondents, units, goods or services.
– develop a sampling frame and strategy or a rationale for their selection.
– develop a strategy and design for data collection and analysis.
– deal with ethical and practical problems in your research.
• Aims and Objectives should not:
• Be too vague(unclear), ambitious or broad in scope.
• Just repeat each other in different terms.
• Just be a list of things related to your research topic.
• Contradict your methods - i.e. they should not imply methodological goals or
standards of measurement, proof or generalisability of findings that the
methods cannot sustain.
16. Upcoming……………..
• Research Methodology
• “Methodology” implies more than simply the methods you intend
to use to collect data.
• When you describe your methods it is necessary to state how you
have addressed the research questions and/or hypotheses. The
methods should be described in enough detail for the study to be
replicated, or at least repeated in a similar way in another situation.
Every stage should be explained and justified with clear reasons for
the choice of your particular methods and materials.
• There are many different ways to approach the research that fulfils
the requirements of a dissertation. These may vary both within and
between disciplines. It is important to consider the expectations
and possibilities concerning research in your own field. You can do
this by talking to your tutors and looking at dissertations written by
former students on your course.
