1. TIMELINE
c. 25000 B.C. Sandia people leave earliest evidence of human existence in what is now New Mexico.
c. 10000-9000 B.C. Clovis hunters roam area in search of mammoth, bison and other game.
c. 10000-500 B.C. Cochise people are first inhabitants to cultivate corn, squash and beans, the earliest
evidence of agriculture in the Southwest.
A.D. 300-1400 Mogollon culture introduces highly artistic pottery and early architecture in the form of
pit houses.
A.D. 1-700 Anasazi basketmakers elevate weaving to a high art, creating baskets, clothing, sandals and
utensils.
A.D. 700-1300 Anasazi culture culminates in the highly developed Chaco Civilization (also Mesa
Verde).
A.D. 1200-1500s Pueblo Indians establish villages along the Rio Grande and its tributaries.
1536 Cabeza de Vaca, Estevan the Moor and two others reach Culiacdn, Mexico, after possibly
crossing what is now southern New Mexico, and begin rumors of the Seven Cities of Cibola.
1540-42 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores area from Gulf of California to present-day Kansas,
discovers the Grand Canyon.
1598 Juan de Onate establishes the first Spanish capital of San Juan de los Caballeros at the Tewa
village of Ohke north of present-day Espanola
1599 Battle at Aroma between natives and Spaniards; seeds of Pueblo Revolt

2. 1600 San Gabriel, second capital of New Mexico, is founded at the confluence of the Rio Grande and the Chama River.
1601 Mass desertion of San Gabriel by colonists; new recruits front Spain and Mexico sent to reinforce colony.
1605 Onate expedition to the Colorado River; visits El Morro, leaves message on Inscription Rock.
1608 Onate removed as governor and sent to Mexico City to be tried for mistreatment of the Indians and abuse of power.
Decision made by Spanish Crown to continue settlement of New Mexico as a royal province.
1609-10 Gov. Pedro de Peralta establishes a new capital at Santa Fe. Construction begins on the Palace of the
Governors. Gaspar de Villagra publishes epic history on the founding of New Mexico, the first book printed about any
area in the modern United States.
1626 Spanish Inquisition established in New Mexico.
1641 Gov. Luis de Rosas assassinated by colonists during conflict between the church and state.
1680 Pueblo Indian Revolt. Spanish survivors flee to El Paso del Norte.
Late 1600's Navajos, Apaches and Comanches begin raids against Pueblo Indians.
1692-93 Don Diego de Vargas recolonizes Santa Fe. Spanish civilization returns to New Mexico.
1696 Second Pueblo Revolt; efforts thwarted by Gov. De Vargas.
1706 Villa de Albuquerque founded.
1743 French trappers reach Santa Fe and begin limited trade with the Spanish.
1776 Franciscan friars Dominguez and Escalante explore route from out New Mexico to California.
1786 Gov. Juan Bautista de Anza makes peace with the Comanches.
1793 First school text printed in New Mexico by Padre Antonio Jose Morales

3. 1807 Zebulon Pike leads first Anglo American expedition into New Mexico. Publishes account of way of life in New
Mexico upon return to U.S.
1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain. Santa Fe Trail opened to international trade.
1837 Chimayo Revolt against Mexican taxation leads to the assassination of Gov. Albino Perez and top officials.
1841 Texas soldiers invade New Mexico and claim all land east of the Rio Grande. Efforts thwarted by Gov. Manuel
Armijo.
1846 Mexican-American War begins. Stephen Watts Kearny annexes New Mexico to the United States.
1847 Taos Rebellion against the U.S. military. Gov. Chat Charles Bent killed.
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War.
1850 New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona, southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada) is
designated a territory but denied statehood.
1854 The Gadsden Purchase front Mexico adds 45,000 square miles to the territory
1861 Confederates invade New Mexico front Texas. The Confederate Territory of Arizona is declared with the capital at La
Mesilla. Territory of Colorado is created. New Mexico loses extreme northern-most section to the new territory
1863-68 Known as the "Long Walk," Navajos and Apaches are relocated to Bosque Redondo: finally allowed to return to
their homelands after thousands die of disease and starvation.
1863 New Mexico is partitioned in half. Territory of Arizona is created.
1878 The railroad arrives in New Mexico, opening full-scale trade and migration from the east and midwest. Lincoln
County War erupts in southeast New Mexico
1886 Geronimo surrenders; Indian hostilities cease in the Southwest.
1898 First movie filmed in New Mexico, Indian Day School by Thomas Edison

4. 1906 People of New Mexico and Arizona vote on issue of joint statehood, New Mexico voting in favor and Arizona
against.
1912 New Mexico admitted to the Union as the 47th state.
1916 Pancho Villa raids Columbus, N.M.
1923-24 Oil is discovered on the Navajo Reservation.
1930-43 Great Depression. Federal New Deal funds provide employment for many and causes numerous public
buildings to be constructed.
1942-45 New Mexico soldiers serving in the 200th Coast Artillery during World War II are captured by the Japanese
and forced to endure the Bataan Death March. Navajo "Codetalkers" are influential in helping end the war. Secret
atomic laboratories established at Los Alamos.
1945 World's first atomic bomb detonated at Trinity Site in southern New Mexico after its development at Los
Alamos.
1948 Native Americans win the right to vote in state elections.
195O Uranium discovered near Grants.
1957 Buddy Holly records Peggy Sue at Norman Petty Studio in Clovis.
1966 New state capitol, the "Roundhouse," is dedicated.
1969 Proposed new state constitution is rejected by voters.
1982 Space shuttle Columbia lands at White Sands Space Harbor oil Holloman Air Force Base near Alamogordo.
1992 New Mexico observes Columbus Quincentenary, welcomes Cristobal Colon XX, direct descendent of
Christopher Columbus.
1998 New Mexico celebrates its cuartocentenario, commemorating its 1598 founding by Juan de Onate

5. Chaco Canyon National Historic Park
ca. 850--1150C.E.

6. Anasazi:The Ancient Ones
Classic Pueblo Period (1100-1300 C.E.)

7. Ancestral Puebloans of the Southwest
http:/www.thefurtrapper.com/anas

8. The Pueblo People
http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/sw/dg/dg

9. San Juan Pueblo
Juan de Oñate established the first Spanish capital city in New Mexico near San Juan Pueblo in
1598. Traditionally, San Juan (O'ke in Tewa) was the center of an Indian meeting ground, its
people so powerful that only an O'ke native could declare war for the Pueblo Indians. Although
called a Taoseño, Pueblo Revolt leader Popé actually was a San Juan native.
San Juan lies 25 miles (40 km) north of Santa Fe on U.S. 84/285 and five miles north of
Española off N.M. 68. It is one of the largest Tewa-speaking pueblos with a population of 6,748
according to the Census in 2000. Today, the pueblo is the headquarters of the Eight Northern
Indian Pueblos Council and home to the Oke-Oweenge Crafts Cooperative, (505) 852-2372,
which exhibits the art of the eight northern pueblos. The main art focus of this Tewa village is
redware pottery, weaving and painting

10. San Juan Pueblo Demographics
As of the census GR2 of 2000, there were 592 people, 193 households, and 152 families
residing in the CDP. The population density was 401.0/km² (1,035.8/mi² ). There were
227 housing units at an average density of 153.8/km² (397.2/mi² ). The racial makeup of
the CDP was 4.05% White, 0.34% African American, 84.97% Native American, 0.17%
Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 7.60% from other races, and 2.87% from two or more
races. 27.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 193
households out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9%
were married couples living together, 27.5% had a female householder with no husband
present, and 21.2% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of
individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The
average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.39.In the CDP the
population was spread out with 31.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.7%
from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The
median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100
females age 18 and over, there were 76.5 males.The median income for a household in
the CDP was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a
median income of $22,721 versus $19,250 for females. The per capita income for the
CDP was $10,568. 25.6% of the population and 19.3% of families were below the
poverty line. 40.4% of those under the age of 18 and 14.9% of those 65 and older were
living below the poverty line.

11. San Juan Pueblo history
http://www.newmexicohistory.org/f
iledetails.php?fileID=510

12. Dances of the Rio Grande Pueblos
http://www.sacred-
texts.com/nam/sw/dg/dg04.htm

13. Tewa Pueblo dances
Winter Buffalo
dance
Deer dance

14. Tewa Dances
http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues00/Co1
2302000/CO_12302000_Dance_Buffal
o.htm

15. Pueblo music and dance characteristics
http://www.dancingfromtheheart-
movie.com/pueblo_dance.shtml