The document discusses different past tenses in English - simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous. It provides definitions and examples of each tense. The simple past is used to talk about completed past actions. The past continuous describes an ongoing action in the past. The past perfect refers to an earlier past time before some other past time mentioned. The past perfect continuous describes an action that had been ongoing up until a past time. Structures and uses of each tense are outlined.

1. PAST TENSE - H.I.SARVAIYA & Dr. DILIP BARAD 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 1

2. TENSES 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 2

3. TENSES PASTTENSE Simple Past Tense Definition: Simple Past Tense is used to indicate those actions which began in the past time and also got over in the past time. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 3

4. TENSES For example: I studied Medicine in Bangalore. They played cricket at Lords. She took a ride in the new car. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 4

5. TENSES Structure: 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 5

6. TENSES Note: When we make sentences in the Negativeor the Interrogative, then there are some major changes in the person-wise structure. Let us see these changes: 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 6

7. TENSES Structure in Negative Sentence: 1st Person Subject + did not + ‘present form of the (Singular) verb’ + object For example: We cannot say: I did not go to college yesterday. I did not went to College yesterday. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 7

8. TENSES 1st Person Subject + did not + ‘pre. form of the Plural verb’ + object. For example: We cannot say: We did not eat dinner yesterday night. We did not ate dinner yesterday night. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 8

9. TENSES 2nd Person Subject + did not + ‘present (Singular & Plural) form of verb’ + object. 3rd Person Subject + did not + ‘present Singular form of verb’ + object. 3rd Person Subject + did not + ‘present Plural form of verb’ + object. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 9

10. TENSES Let us take a few more examples: You did not come for the meeting. She did not buy the new book. They did not study for the exam at all. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 10

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12. TENSES Structure of sentences in Interrogative: 1st Person Singular Did + Subject + ‘present form of verb’ + object + ? For example: We cannot say: Did I give you the book yesterday? Did I gave you the book yesterday? 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 12

13. TENSES 1st Person Plural Did + subject + ‘present form of verb’ + object + ? 2nd Person Did + subject + ‘present form of (S+P) verb’ + object + ? 3rd Person Did + subject + ‘present form of (S+P) verb’ + object + ? 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 13

14. TENSES Let us take a few examples: Did you submit the form last week? Did she drive the new car last evening? Did they come for the party? 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 14

16. When an incident is being narrated, or a story is being told.3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 15

17. TENSES For example: He went to the cinema. There he met his friend Umesh. They ate ice-cream. They saw the movie together. They came back at 8 o’clock. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 16

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20. Pronunciation of ‘-ed’ 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 19

21. TENSES 2. Past Continuous Tense Definition: “We use the Past Continuous Tense to talk about something which is in progress at a particular past time. The action or situation had started earlier, and at that particular past time, it was still going on” 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 20

22. TENSES Past time Present time (8.00 pm) (11.00 pm) This diagram suggests that right now (present time) it is 11 o’clock. Therefore 8 o’clock is the past time , and at 8 o’clock, a particular action was going on. For example: Yesterday afternoon they were watching a movie. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 21

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25. TENSES For example: I was enjoying the circus. We were walking in the park. You were wearing a new dress. She was speaking to her grandmother. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 24

26. TENSES The structure of the sentences changes when we use the Interrogative. 1st Person Was+subject+verb+ing+object+? Singular Was I looking good on Thursday? 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 25

27. TENSES 1st Person Were+subject+verb+ing+object+? Plural 2nd Person Were+subject+verb+ing+object+? (S+P) 3rd Person Was+subject+verb+ing+object+? Singular 3rd Person Was+subject+verb+ing+object+? Plural 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 26

28. TENSES Let us take a few examples: Were we explaining it clearly? Were you drinking tea last night? Was she wearing the new dress yesterday? Were they expecting a bonus on Thursday? 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 27

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33. TENSES Note: The Past Continuous Tense describes a longer action or situation which was in progress at a past time; the simple past tense describes a shorter action which happened in the middle of the longer action, or interrupted it. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 32

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36. TENSES 3. Past Perfect Tense Definition: “When we are talking about the past, we sometimes want to refer back to an earlier past time.” Earlier Past Past Present 10 am 11 am 2 pm 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 35

38. As the figure suggested, 11 o’clock is the past time and 10 am is the earlier past.

39. We are talking in the Present time. So when I called Sneha at 11 am, she had already left at 10 o’clock. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 36

40. TENSES For example: We arrived at the theatre at 8 pm, but the film had started at 7.30pm. When I spoke to the woman, I realized that I had met her before. He went to his friend’s house, but the friend had left an hour ago. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 37

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42. TENSES Person-wise structure: Subject+had+verb+object 1st Person singular 1st Person Plural 2nd Person Singular/Plural 3rd Person Singular 3rd Person Plural 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 39

43. TENSES Uses of Past Perfect Tense: The Past Perfect Tense is simply the past form of the Present Perfect Tense. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 40

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45. TENSES 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Definition: “We use the past perfect continuous tense to talk about something which had been in progress upto the specific past time that we are referring to.” They had been studying for an hour when suddenly the electric supply was cut off. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 42

46. TENSES Structure: Subject + had been + verb + -ing + object. 1st Person singular 1st Person Plural 2nd Person Singular/Plural 3rd Person Singular 3rd Person Plural 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 43

47. TENSES Uses of Past Perfect Continuous Tense: The Past Perfect Continuous is the past form of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 44

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49. TENSES Thanks from both of us… FEED BACK… harbhadrasinh@gmail.com http://harbhadrasinh.blogspot.com h i sarvaiya & Dr. DilipBarad 3/18/2011 By Prof. H.I. Sarvaiya & Dr. Dilip Barad 46