Gender and social inclusion

1. GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION
Presented by
Dr.G.Hari Prakkash
1st year MPH
School of Public Health
Dept. of Community Medicine
JSSMC
Mysuru.
Moderator
Dr.Anil Bilimale
Assosciate Professor
Dept. of Community Medicine
JSSMC
Mysuru.

2. INTRODUCTION
Gender Equality:
It is defined as “state of equal ease of access of resources and opportunities
regardless of gender including economic participation and decision making; and
the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally regardless of
gender.”

3. Why Gender equality is required
Equal rights and opportunities for girls and boys help all children fulfil their potential.
● It is a Goal-5 of SDG
● Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human
right, it’s crucial for sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and
girls helps economic growth and development.
● UNDP has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable
progress in the past 20 years.
● There are more girls in school now compared to 15 years ago, and most regions
have reached gender parity in primary education.

4. Contd.,
● But although there are more women than ever in the labour market, there are still
large inequalities in some regions, with women systematically denied the same
work rights as men.
● Sexual violence and exploitation, the unequal division of unpaid care and
domestic work, and discrimination in public office all remain huge barriers.
● Climate change and disasters continue to have a disproportionate effect on
women and children, as do conflict and migration.

5. According to Unicef
1. Worldwide, nearly 1 in 4 girls between the ages of 15 and 19 are neither
employed nor in education or training – compared to 1 in 10 boys.
2. Some 1 in 20 girls between the ages of 15 and 19 – around 13 million
globally – have experienced forced sex in their lifetimes.

6. What progress has been made for girls and young women?
Source:https://www.unicef.org/gender-equality

7. Source:https://www.unicef.org/gender-equality

8. UNICEF Strategy to
promote gender equality

9. 1
Reducing inequality
strengthens
economies and builds stable,
resilient societies
3
Partnering with national
health sectors to expand
quality maternal care
5
UNICEF invests in skills
building to further their
economic empowerment – as
entrepreneurs, innovators
and leaders
2
These societies give all
individuals – like men and
women-opportunities to
fulfill their potentials
4
promoting the role of women in
the design and delivery of water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
ecosystems.

10. Targeted Initiatives:
1. To prevent and respond to gender-based violence.
2. Help end child marriage,
3. Eliminate female genital mutilation,
4. Provide safe spaces,
5. Support menstrual health management,
6. Deliver HIV and AIDS care,
7. Meet psychosocial needs and more.

11. INNOVATIVE
MODELS
AppsVirtual Spaces
Report Violence
Connect to local
resources for
support

12. Gender Action Plan 2018-2021
Advancing gender equality and the rights of women
and girls is essential to realizing the rights of all
children

13. Gender equality outcomes across all goals of the strategic plan, Spanning
development and humanitarian contexts

14. FIVE TARGETED PRIORITIES FOR ADOLESCENT
GIRL’S EMPOWERMENT AND WELL BEING
UNICEF has prioritize the unique needs of adolescent girls by focusing on five interlinked
areas to tackle some of the most pressing challenges girls face.
1. Ending child marriage and protecting girls from multiple risks that limit life
opportunities.
2. Advancing girls’ secondary education with a focus on STEM skills.
3. Promoting gender-responsive adolescent health, including nutrition, pregnancy
prevention and care, and HIV and HPV prevention.
4. Supporting menstrual health and hygiene.
5. Preventing and responding to gender-based violence, particularly in humanitarian
settings.

15. Gender Equality-why is it important?
1. Women empowerment – decision making power, access to
opportunities and resources etc.,
2. To achieve gender parity in education.
3. Promote girl’s education.
4. Ensuring women health and safety.
5. To reduce gender based violence.

16. Contd.,
6. Provide quality maternal health care.
7. Women economic and political empowerment – rights to inherit
property, obtain access to credits, move up in their workplace
8. Improve gender gap index etc.,
9. To prevent child marriage and early unions

17. If Gender Equality is not ensured?
1. Increase in sexual violence and abusing.
2. It affects their education.
3. Women’s and girls’ empowerment is essential to expand economic growth
and promote social development.
4. Deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a higher
mortality rate.
5. As girls move into adolescence, gender disparities widen.
6. Child marriage affects girls far more than boys, Globally, nearly 15
million girls under age 18 are married every year— or 37,000 each day.

18. Are there any other gender related challenges?
1. Yes. Worldwide, 35 percent of women between 15-49 years of age have
experienced physical and/ or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner
sexual violence.
2. 1 in 3 girls aged 15-19 have experienced some form of female genital
mutilation/cutting in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East,
Results in high risk of prolonged bleeding, infection (including HIV), childbirth
complications, infertility and death.
1. The Spotlight Initiative, an EU/UN partnership, is a global, multi-year initiative
focused on eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls (VAWG)

19. Govt. of India measures to promote gender
equality
Under Ministry of Child and Women Development
❖ Umbrella ICDS
1. Anganwadi Services Scheme
2. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
3. National Creche Scheme
4. Scheme for Adolescent Girls
5. Child Protection Scheme
6. POSHAN Abhiyaan

20. Women Empowerment Schemes
● Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme
● One Stop Centre Scheme
● Women Helpline Scheme
● UJJAWALA : A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of trafficking and
Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking and
Commercial Sexual Exploitation
● Working Women Hostel

21. ● Ministry approves new projects under Ujjawala Scheme and continues existing
projects
● SWADHAR Greh (A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances)
● Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP)
● NARI SHAKTI PURASKAR
● Awardees of Stree Shakti Puraskar, 2014 & Awardees of Nari Shakti Puraskar

22. ● Awardees of Rajya Mahila Samman & Zila Mahila Samman
● Mahila police Volunteers
● Mahila E-Haat
● Mahila Shakti Kendras (MSK)
● NIRBHAYA

23. UN-Women- Policies and Laws
1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. UN Charter
3. Beijing Platform for Action
4. The UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women –
UN Women
5. Report of the Secretary-General A/64/588: Comprehensive proposal for the
Composite Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women

24. LAWS PROTECTING WOMEN FROM
GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN INDIA
● Article 14 of the Act reads as follows: Equality before law: The State
shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection
of the laws within the territory of India Prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
● Article 15 reads as follows: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of
religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
● Article 16 reads as under: Equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment.
● Ban on Prenatal Diagnostic Testing.

25. Contd.,
● THE SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACE
(PREVENTION, PROHIBITION AND REDRESSAL) ACT, 2013.
● HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956.
● MUSLIM PERSONAL LAW (SHARIAT) APPLICATION ACT OF
1937 .
● EQUAL REMUNERATION ACT, 1976.
● CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013.
● WOMEN’S RESERVATION BILL

26. ● Laws protecting women from domestic violence (The Protection of
Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005).
● Girl children from abuse (Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act
2000);
● Laws providing equal rights to school education (Commission of
Protection of Child Rights Act 2005),
● Prohibition of child marriage (Prohibition of Child Marriage Act
2006).
● Maternity benefit schemes (Maternity Benefits Act, 1961 (amended
1995).

27. Gender Disparity in Basic Education
Increasing Imbalance in Child
Sex Ratio in India
Source: Census of India various years.

28. States with the Worst Female Literacy Rate in
India
Source: Census of India

29. SOCIAL INCLUSION
DEFINITION:
Social inclusion:
“It is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in
society-improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the
basis of their identity.”
Social exclusion:
“It describes the phenomenon where particular people have no recognition by, or
voice or stake in, the society in which they live.”

30. The World Bank Group defines social inclusion as:
1. The process of improving the terms for individuals and groups to take part
in society, and
2. The process of improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those
disadvantaged on the basis of their identity to take part in society.

31. ● A recent International Monetary Fund (IMF) paper shows that the current gender gap in
the labor force costs countries at the bottom half of gender inequality around 35 percent
of GDP.
● A 2018 World Bank paper estimates that Africa alone lost $ 2.5 trillion in human capital
due to gender inequality and 11.4% of total wealth in 2014.
● Another study found that exclusion of the ethnic minority Roma cost Romania 887
million euros in lost productivity.
● Acknowledging this, the United Nations has committed to “leaving no one behind” in an
effort to help countries promote inclusive growth and achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
● Social inclusion is also an integral part of—and vital to—achieving the World Bank
Group’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity.

32. Different forms of inclusion
•Political Inclusion
•Economic Inclusion
•Inclusion in social service access

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OPPORTUNI
TIES
SECURITY
ACCESS
CAPABILITY
4 Attributes for
inclusion

34. Inclusion under Indian constitution
•Directive principles of state policy
• Equal Justice, Right to work, to education, to Public assistance ,
Just and human condition of work
•Art.14 –Equality before Law
•Art.15-Prohibition of Discrimination
•Art-16-Equal opportunity
•Art-17- Abolition of untouchability

35. •Art.21-Protection of life and Personal liberty
•Art.23&24 Economic safe guards
•Art.330&332 – provisions Political representatives
•Protection of civil Rights Act 1955
•Abolition of Bonded labour System Act 1976
•SC/ST prevention of Atrocities Act 1989
•Child Labour prohibition and regulation act 1989