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Peas by ajay
1. Submitted to : Dr. Pardeep Kumar
Presented by : Ajay Chauhan
Production Technology
of
Peas
2. Botanical Name : Pisum sativum L.
Chromosome number : 2n=2x=14
Family : Leguminosae
Primary Centre of Origin : Central Asia
Secondary centre of origin : Near East
Important off-season cash crops of zone-II, III & IV of HP
.
Area in HP: >21000 hectare with production of 202621MT
Zone-II: Winter
Zone-III & IV: Summer
INTRODUCTION
3. USES OF PEA
Rich source : protein (25%)
amino acids
sugars(12%)
carbhohydrates
vitamin A and C
Ecological advantage : fixing atmospheric nitrogen
Leaves used as pot herb in Myanmar.
Oil from ripened seed – antisex hormonic effect
Seeds should be used for contraceptive, fungistatic & spermicide.
Green peas are the number one processed vegetable specifically in UK and
USA.
4. VARIETIES
Early Varieties:
Arkel: Dwarf variety suitable for growing in all the agro-climatic conditions of
Himachal Pradesh having 8-9 seeds per pod.. Average yield is 55 q/ha.
VL -7: Dwarf, light green wrinkled seeded with 6-8 seeds per pod. Average
yield is 50 q/ha.
Matar Ageta: Dwarf variety, mature one week earlier to Arkel and
productivity is 10-15 percent higher than Arkel.
5. Punjab 89: This is a high yielding variety with attractive and shining pods of
10-12 cm long having 9-12 seeds per pod. the average yield of the variety is 140
q/ha.
Palam Priya (DPP-68): The variety is released from CSKHPKV, Palampur
having yield (125 q/ha) and resistance to powdery mildew disease.
Solan Nirog: It is released from Dr. YS Parmar UHF and resistant to powdery
mildew disease. Average yield is 130 q/ha. Suitable for Zone II and Zone III.
GC-477: Pods are dark green with 7-8 seeds per pod. It is susceptible to
powdery mildew but tolerant to Aschochyta blight and Bacterial blight diseases.
Palam Smool: This is recently released variety from CSKHPKV, Palampur,
having big size pods (12-14 cm in length) and average productivity is 140 q/ha.
The other main season varieties of pea recommended for cultivation in Himachal
Pradesh are Bonneville, VL-3 and Kinnauri.
MAIN SEASON VARIETIES
6. CLIMATE
Pea is typically a cool season crop
Optimum temperature for seed germination is 22˚C
Even though seeds germinate at 5˚ C, speed of germination is less
Early stage of crop is tolerant to frost, but flowering and fruit development are
adversely affected by frost
Optimum monthly mean temperature for growth of plants is 10-18.3o C.
As temperature increases the maturity is hastened and yield is reduced
Quality of pods produced is also low at high temperature due to conversion of
sugars to hemicellulose and starch.
7. SOIL TYPE
• Crop prefers well drained, loose and friable loamy soil for early
crop and clayey soil for high yield
• Ideal pH is 6.0-7.5 and it grows under alkaline soil
• If soil is acidic, liming is recommended
8. In Himachal Pradesh
Early varieties:
Low Hills: September –October
Mid Hills: September (first fortnight)
High Hills: March –June in high hills.
Main Season Varieties:
Low & Mid Hills: November
High Hills: October-November and March-June
SOWING TIME
9. Early Varieties : 140-150Kg/ ha
Main Season Varieties : 80-90Kg/ha
Early Varieties : 30 x 5 cm2
Main Season Varieties : 45-60 x 10 cm2
SEED RATE
SPACING
10. 10 tonnes of farmyard manure
25 kg N , 70 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O are recommended for one hectare.
Entire dose is drilled at the time of seed sowing.
If fertilizers are coming in contact with seeds, there will be severe injury to
seeds.
Fertilizer should be applied in bands at 7-8 cm away and 2.5 cm deeper from
seeds.
Application of sodium molybdate @ 40 kg/ha either as per or post emergence
spray is reported to increase yield and collar rot resistance in peas.
MANURES AND FERTILIZERS
11. IRRIGATION
Optimum moisture at the time of sowing: For proper germination
Irrigate at 10-12 days interval
Water stress at the time of flowering and pod filling stage reduces
the yield drastically.
12. • Lasso (alachlor) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha or tribunal @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha or
pendemethalin 0.5 kg a.i. / ha as pre emergence spray along with
one hand weeding at 25-45 days after sowing is very effective for
weed control.
• Inter-culture when plants are 15 cm high, tall varieties should be
stacked with wooden sticks or twigs for trailing.
• A single row of stakes fixed in middle of raised bed will support
both rows of plants in each bed.
INTERCULTURE AND WEEDING
13. Pods should be harvested at proper stage and time for getting higher market
prices
Pods should be properly filled at the time of harvesting
Delay in picking of pods adversely affects the quality of pods and colour of
pods also fades
Normally pods are harvested 4-5 times at an interval of 7-10 days
However, in dry temperate areas, the entire crop is harvested in 2-3 pickings
only
Under organic farming conditions, the average productivity of early
varieties is 50-60 q/ha and main season varieties is 120-150 q/ha.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
14. PESTS AND DISEASES
Major pests :
Stem fly
Pea aphid
Leaf miner
Pod borer
Major diseases :
Wilt
Root-rot,
Powdery mildew
Rust
Ascochyta blight
Pod rot