1. Using GPS Techniques in
Surveys
1 20/01/2013

2. Navigation and Positioning are
Crucial to So Many Activities
2 20/01/2013

3. GPS Satellites
3 20/01/2013

4. 4 20/01/2013

5. 5 20/01/2013

6. Geometric Idea, Using a Satellite
6 20/01/2013

7. Using 2 Satellites
7 20/01/2013

8. Using 3 Satellites
8 20/01/2013

9. Mathematical Idea; V * T = D
9 20/01/2013

10. 10 20/01/2013

11. 11 20/01/2013

12. Satellites Have Precise Atomic Clocks
12 20/01/2013

13. 13 20/01/2013

14. Precise Orbit
14 20/01/2013

15. GPS Satellites Positions are very
Predictable
15 20/01/2013

16. Radar Checks each Satellite
Altitude, Position and Speed
16 20/01/2013

17. Minor Variations
17 20/01/2013

18. Earth’s Atmosphere Causes Delays in
the GPS Signals
18 20/01/2013

19. Ionosphere & Troposphere,
Error Sources
19 20/01/2013

20. Multi-path Error
20 20/01/2013

21. Ephemeris Errors, GDOP
21 20/01/2013

22. Good Configuration
22 20/01/2013

23. Differential GPS
23 20/01/2013

24. Static Surveying by GPS
Remote/rover receiver
GPS at reference station
24 20/01/2013

25. Rapid Static Surveying by GPS
Remote/rover receiver
GPS at reference station
25 20/01/2013

26. Kinematic Surveying by GPS
Remote/rover receiver
GPS at reference station
Initialization station
26 20/01/2013

27. GPS Applications
Location
Navigation
Tracking
Mapping
Timing
27 20/01/2013

28. 28 20/01/2013

29. Z2 i
Z1
ri
i
Y2
r0  Z
Y1
X
Y
X2 ‫وسائط التحويل‬
X1
29 20/01/2013

30. Topcon , Software and
Hardware
30 20/01/2013

31. Transformation Parameters
between Satellite & Geodetic
Systems
3 Translations:
 X Y Z
3 Rotations:
X Y Z
1 Scale Difference:
S
31 20/01/2013