Here is a presentation about vitamin A.

2. VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES
Hassan Raza
BS Food Science and Technology
Govt. College University,
Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

3. OUTLINES 1
o Introduction
o History
o Sources
o Deficiency
o Prevalence
o Causes
o Management
o Conclusion
o References

4. INTRODUCTION 2
o Group of unsaturated organic compound
o Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, carotenoids, beta carotene
o Multiple function
Tanumihardjo SA (2011).

5. HISTORY 3
o 1816 by Magendie
o 1912 by Frederick Gowland Hopkins
o 1917 by Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, Thomas
Burr Osborne
o 1920 name given vitamin A
.
Semba RD (2012).

6. 4
o 1919, Herry Steenbock
o 1931 Paul Karrer
o 1947 David Adriaan van Dorp and Jozef Ferdinand
Arens
.
Wolf, George (2001)

7. SOURCES 5
o Milk & milk product
o Vegetables
o Naturally occurring
o Meat

9. SOURCES 7
source Amount provided
carrot 835 μg/100g
Cod liver oil 30000 μg/100g
Beef, fish liver 6500 μg/100g
Sweet potatoes 961 μg/100g

10. 8
Butter 684 μg
Spinach 469 μg/100g
Milk 28 μg/100g
Egg 140 μg/100g
Mango 38 μg/100g
apricot 96 μg/100g

11. DEFICIENCY 9
o Poor countries
o Rare in developed countries
o Nyctalopia
o Xerophthalmia
o Keratomalacia
o Complete blindness
o Birth defects
o High infection rate

12. NYCTALOPIA 10
o Greek word
o Difficulty or impossibility to see in low light
o Insufficient adaptation
Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).

13. XEROPHTHALMIA 11
o Greek word
o Dry eyes
o Lack of tears
o Retinoic acid
Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001)

14. KERATOMALACIA 12
o Epithelial surface
o Un known metabolism
o Loss of goblet cells
Schwartz, Robert (2013).

15. PREVALENCE 13
o One third under five years
o 670,000 children annually
o 250,000-500,000 developing countries
o Southeast Asia
o Africa
National Institute of Health. 2008.

16. CAUSES 14
o Iron deficiency
o Malnutrition
o Alcohol consumption
o Liver toxicity
o Hyper urination
http://www.vitaminsall.com

17. LABORATORY TEST 15
o Serum vitamin A test
o Normal range 20-43 μg/dl
o Corneal culture

18. MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT 16
o Animal products
o Yellow orange and dark green vegetables
o Fortification
o Supplements
o I.M or I.V solution

19. CONCLUSION 17
o Vitamin A is important for number of vital body
functions
o Low in take or life style may cause deficiency
o Sever deficiency can cause high mortality rate
o Can be mange by the use of vitamin A rich diet

20. REFERENCES 18
o Tanumihardjo SA (2011). "Vitamin A: biomarkers of nutrition for
development". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
o Semba RD (2012). "On the 'Disco very' of Vitamin A". Annals of Nutrition &
Metabolism
o Wolf, George (2001). "Discovery of Vitamin A". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
o http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search
o Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).
"Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and the contrast sensitivity function.".
Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
o Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001), Salivary and lacrimal gland
dysfunction (sicca syndrome) after radioiodine therapy., Journal of Nuclear
Medicine

21. 19
o Schwartz, Robert. "Dermatologic manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency".
Medscape. Retrieved 13 June 2013
o Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin A". National Institute of Health.
Retrieved 8 April 2008
o http://www.vitaminsall.com