Presentation by UN Resident Coordinator Toby Lanzer given at the London School of Economics on 22 October 2007 on the humanitarian and development situation of the Central African Republic

1. United Nations
Central African Republic
Cornered in the Centre: aid and
development in a rough neighbourhood
Toby Lanzer
United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
Central African Republic (CAR)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 1

2. United Nations
Central African Republic
Aid and development in a rough neighbourhood
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 2

3. United Nations
Central African Republic
4.2 million people landlocked in the fragile centre of Africa
Chad
Sudan
Nigeria
Darfur
CAR
Cameroon
DRC
Congo Uganda
Gabon
Rebellion or internal conflict
Source: Hamburg University
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 3

4. United Nations
Central African Republic
The least known of the least developed countries
Google search results for bottom 10 countries on the Human Development Index (million)
Mali 44.1 mn
Chad 31.6
Niger 30.8
Mozambique 30.6
Burundi 28.9
Sierra Leone 28.6
Ethiopia 26.9
Burkina Faso 26.8
Guinea Bissau 25.5
Central African Republic 16.7
Source: Google search results (15 Oct 2007) for the 10 countries with lowest Human Development Index
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 4

5. United Nations
Central African Republic
Emperor Bokassa
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
Head of state 1966-1979
Crowned emperor in 1977
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 5

6. United Nations
Central African Republic
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Landed in Bangui after leaving
Haiti in 2004
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 6

7. United Nations
Central African Republic
The third poorest people on earth
Share of population living on less than 1 dollar a day (bottom 7 seven countries)
73
70
67
64
61 61 59
Mali Nigeria CAR Zambia Niger Burkina Faso Gambia
Source: World Bank (2002)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 7

8. United Nations
Central African Republic
Gap widening
GDP per head in Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 78% since 1985, but not even by 10% in CAR
GDP (PPP) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
Sub-Saharan Africa +80%
CAR
+60%
+40%
+20%
100
-20%
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: IMF (2007), Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 8

9. United Nations
Central African Republic
Falling behind
Human Development indices for bottom 5 rose since 1985, while CAR’s fell by 8.8%
.40
CAR
.35
Guinea Bissau
Burkina Faso
.30
Mali
Niger
.25
1985 1990 1995 2000 2004
Source: HDR (2006)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 9

10. United Nations
Central African Republic
The world’s worst pupil / teacher ratio in primary education
Source: RESEN (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 10

11. United Nations
Central African Republic
Alarming chronic malnutrition rates for children under 5 years
Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 11

12. United Nations
Central African Republic
One of the world’s highest child mortality rates
/ 1,000
Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 12

13. United Nations
Central African Republic
Only 1 in 4 people can get safe drinking water
Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 13

14. United Nations
Central African Republic
More mothers die while giving birth than almost anywhere
/ 100,000
Source: General Census (2003) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 14

15. United Nations
Central African Republic
Malaria is the number one cause of death
Source: MSF Holland (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 15

16. United Nations
Central African Republic
One of the lowest life expectancies in the world
years
Source: General Census (2003) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 16

17. United Nations
Central African Republic
Landlocked and no paved road out
km to the nearest port
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 17

18. United Nations
Central African Republic
Development assistance: where are we and why?
Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 54% since 1985, but fell by 60% for CAR
ODA Growth, Base = 100 (1985)
Sub-Saharan Africa +60%
CAR
+40%
+20%
100
-20%
-40%
-60%
-80%
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 18

19. United Nations
Central African Republic
Development assistance: where are we and why?
Aid per head is the lowest in the region ($)
Congo 160
Equat. Guinea 70.7
Sudan 44.7
Chad 39.6
Gabon 36.7
Congo, Dem. Republic of 29.1
Cameroon 24.1
Central African Republic 23.5
Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 19

20. United Nations
Central African Republic
Because of political instability?
CAR scores -1.69 on the World Bank’s political instability index
-2.5 -1.0 0 1.0 2.5
South Africa
Rwanda
Angola
Uganda
Central African Republic
Chad
Nigeria
Cote d’Ivoire
Sudan
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Somalia
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 20

21. United Nations
Central African Republic
Is it because of a lack of strategic natural resources?
Sudan
Chad
Darfur
Cameroon
Bangui
Diamonds
Gold
DRC Timber
Congo
Uranium
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 21

22. United Nations
Central African Republic
Because of corruption?
CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s corruption control index
-2.5 -1.0 0 1.0 2.5
South Africa
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Uganda
Central African Republic
Sudan
Angola
Chad
Nigeria
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Somalia
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 22

23. United Nations
Central African Republic
Because of an overly repressive regime?
CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s voice and accountability index
-2.5 -1.0 0 1.0 2.5
South Africa
Uganda
Central African Republic
Ethiopia
Rwanda
Nigeria
Chad
Zimbabwe
Congo, Dem. Republic of
Sudan
Somalia
Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 23

24. United Nations
Central African Republic
Rebellion grips the north
km to the sea
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 24

25. United Nations
Central African Republic
Rebellion grips the north
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 25

26. United Nations
Central African Republic
Almost 300,000 people forced to flee their homes since 2006
Sudan
Chad
Darfur
Cameroon
Bangui
Displacement
DRC
Congo
Source: UN OCHA
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 26

27. United Nations
Central African Republic
Who is involved in violence?
Zaraguinas APRD UFDR
In the Armée Populaire pour la Union des Forces
north-west Restauration de la République et Démocratiques pour le
la Démocratie in the north-west Rassemblement in the north-east
FDPC Poachers
Front démocratique pour In the north-east
le peuple centrafricain in
the north-west
Poachers
In the south-west
Coupeurs de route GP FACA
Throughout the country Garde Présidentielle Forces Armées Centrafricaines
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 27

28. United Nations
Central African Republic
Northwest: condition along Chadian border deteriorating
Region ravaged by APRD rebels, government troops and road bandits
CHAD Gore
CAMEROON
Ngaoundaye Bemal
Markounda
Ndim
Paoua
OUHAM Batangafo
Boguila
UN
Border Bocaranga
Nana Bakassa
Prefecture
City / large settlement
Road
Burnt settlement OUHAM-PENDE
APRD / Zaraguinas /
Bossangoa UN Bouca
power vacuum
Population movement Bozoum
Armed groups
0 50 100 km Area shown: 51,000 sq km (Denmark = 43,000 sq km). Ngaoundaye, Bocaranga, Paoua ▲ : 6,200 sq km (West Bank = 5,800 sq km)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 28

29. United Nations
Central African Republic
Northeast: CAR, Chad, Darfur
Fragile accord with rebels; new inflow of refugees possible; armed groups from Darfur
Daffaq Original population: 12,000
Refugees in CAR: 3,000
IDPs in Darfur: 9,000
Chad Birao Am-Dafock
Gordil
VAKAGA Darfur
Ouanda-Djallé
Ndélé
Sam Ouandja
UN
B.-BANGORAN Ouadda
HAUTE-KOTTO Rumbek
Kaga-Bandoro
HAUT-MBOMOU Border
Bria
Prefecture
UN UN City / large settlement
Sibut
Road
Bambari Obo UFDR / power vacuum
Refugees
Armed groups (Tora-Bora)
0 150 300 km Area shown: 380,000 sq km (Zimbabwe = 390,000 sq km).
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 29

30. United Nations
Central African Republic
Rule of law and human rights
Photo: OCHA Photo: Human Rights Watch Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 30

31. United Nations
Central African Republic
Civilians caught in the cross-fire and escape to the bush
Photo: UN OCHA
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 31

32. United Nations
Central African Republic
Mobilising the United Nations
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 32

33. United Nations
Central African Republic
Work with the new president
Jean-François Bozizé
Coup d’etat in 2003
Won free and fair elections in 2005
Government supported by returning technocrats
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 33

34. United Nations
Central African Republic
Accelerate decisions by managing aid locally
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 34

35. United Nations
Central African Republic
Go where help is needed most: ensure security of personnel
km to the sea
Photo: Pierre HoltzUN OCHA
Photo: | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 35

36. United Nations
Central African Republic
Overcome logistics challenges
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 36

37. United Nations
Central African Republic
Create a local presence: progress but a long way to go
Sudan
Chad
Darfur
Cameroon
Bangui
DRC
Congo UN office opened or
Source: UN OCHA reinforced in last 12 months
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 37

38. United Nations
Central African Republic
Call on NGOs to engage: progress but a long way to go
Birao
Ndélé
IPHD
Sam Ouandja
Paoua**
Kaga-Bandoro
Bozoum Bossangoa ***
Sibut Bambari
Bouar
Bangassou
Bangui
IPHD
** Presence of international aid agencies as of August 2007
** MSF also has a presence in nearby Markounda and Boguila Kota
*** COOPI also has a presence in Bouca, 100 km east of Bossangoa
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 38

39. United Nations
Central African Republic
Mobilise donors: progress but a long way to go
Donors contributing $ 500,000 or more 19 humanitarian donors so far in 2007
13
Canada Cuba Denmark European
Commission
9 Finland France Germany Ireland
Italy Japan Luxembourg Netherlands
3
Norway Spain Sweden Switzerland
Turkey United Kingdom United States
2005 2006 2007
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 39

40. United Nations
Central African Republic
Catalyse donors for development assistance
km to the sea
www.car-round-table.net
Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 40

41. United Nations
Central African Republic
Focus on attaining the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)
Unlikely to halve the share of people living on less than 1 dollar a day
MDG 75
67
Current trend
62
50
31
25
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 41

42. United Nations
Central African Republic
Focus on the MDGs
Enormous challenge of ensuring primary education for all children
MDG 100
Current trend
75
58
60 50
55
49
25
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 42

43. United Nations
Central African Republic
Focus on the MDGs
Huge challenge of reducing maternal mortality rate by three quarters
MDG 1,600
Current trend 1,355
1,200
949
683 800
400
171
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Source: Human Development Report (2006)
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 43

44. United Nations
Central African Republic
CAR: Today and tomorrow
Desperate poverty
All trends in the wrong direction
Stopping the slide now
Moving forward
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 44

45. United Nations
Central African Republic
www.hdptcar.net
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 45

46. United Nations
Central African Republic
Oct-07 United Nations CAR Slide 46