2. Medicines

Drugs used to treat or prevent illness or other
conditions.
• Substances other than food that change the
structure or function of the body.
•
•
•
•
Are all medicines drugs?
Are all drugs Medicines?
What is the difference between a drug and medicine?
How are they similar?

3. Medicines that treat or prevent illness
can be classified into four categories:
• Medicines that help prevent disease
• Medicines that fight pathogens (germs)
• Medicines that relieve pain and other
symptoms
• Medicines that manage chronic conditions,
help maintain or restore health, and regulate
body systems

4. Vaccine
 A preparation that prevents a person from
contracting a specific disease.
 A vaccine contains weakened or dead pathogens
that cause the disease.
 When your body detects the vaccine it produces
antibodies to fight that pathogen so if you ever
contract it again your body will remember how to
fight it.
 Vaccine effects fade over time. Some last only a
year or two. Some last many years.

5. Antitoxins
◦ Some bacteria get into our body and produce toxins that
make us sick. Antitoxins fight the bacteria that produces
toxins in our bodies.
◦ It is made by injecting animals or humans with a safe
amount of toxin. Then after the animal or humans
immune system produces antitoxins their blood is drawn,
purified and the antitoxin is available for medicine.

6. 
Jim was a former milk
wagon horse over 100
years ago who was used
to produce the antitoxin
to fight diphtheria.

Jim produced over 30
quarts of diphtheria
antitoxin in his career,
and saved many lives.
ANTITOXINS
and
VACCINES
prevent disease

7. Medicines that treat or prevent illness
can be classified into four categories:
• Medicines that help prevent disease
• Medicines that fight pathogens
• Medicines that relieve pain and other
symptoms
• Medicines that manage chronic conditions,
help maintain or restore health, and regulate
body systems

8. 
Pathogen (germ)
◦ A microorganism that can cause illness to it’s host. Fungi,
Virus, Bacteria etc.
Antibiotic- a class of drug that destroys bacteria.
 Antibiotics work in 2 ways

 Killing Bacteria
 Preventing bacteria from reproducing so they eventually
die off.
 Clip

9. 

Why are bacteria becoming resistant to our
antibiotics?
How can we help with drug resistance?
◦ Over use
 People using them for any sickness trying to get better.
 Using Antibiotics in livestock can cause drug resistance.
◦ Under use
 People use them only when they can get them and they don’t take
the full dose.
 People not taking their full prescription they stop when they feel
better.

10. 
Antiviral drugs
◦ Medicines that fight viruses.
 They suppress it they don’t kill it. The virus stays in their
body and can flare up.
◦ Cold Sores
◦ Also can become resistant to medications.

Antifungal drugs
◦ Medicines that fight fungus cells.
 Athletes foot
 Ring worm

11. Classification of Medicines
Medicines that treat or prevent illness
can be classified into four categories:
• Medicines that help prevent disease
• Medicines that fight pathogens
• Medicines that relieve pain and other
symptoms
• Medicines that manage chronic conditions,
help maintain or restore health, and regulate
body systems

12. 
Analgesics “Anne-Al-G-sic” Pain relievers
◦ Wide Range- Aspirin to Morphine
 Fight fevers
 Relieve Pain
 Reduce swelling

Be Careful!!!!
◦ Asprin can cause an upset stomach, dizziness, and
ringing in the ears. Can be fatal to children. Not for
people under 20.
◦ Use something more mild like IB Profen or Advil.

13. Narcotics



Pain relievers used for severe pain only when others don’t
work.
Work by binding to receptors and block the feeling of pain.
Easily addictive and require a prescription. Limit use to no
more than 4 months. Psychological and Physical
Dependence.
◦
◦
◦
◦

CodeineFentanyl (Duragesic) -- available as a patch
Meperidine (Demerol)
Morphine (MS Contin)
Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Percocet, Percodan)
Side Effects
◦ Drowsiness, Impaired Judgement, Nausea Vomiting,

14. 
Withdrawal-When a person stops using a drug they are
physically dependent upon they experience withdrawal
symptoms
◦ Nervousness, Insomnia, Headaches, Vomiting, Chills, Cramps
etc.

Tolerance- When a persons body becomes used to a drug
and needs more of it to produce the same effect.
◦ Can lead to Dependence and Addiction

15. Medicines that treat or prevent illness
can be
classified into four categories:
• Medicines that help prevent disease
• Medicines that fight pathogens
• Medicines that relieve pain and other
symptoms
• Medicines that manage chronic conditions,
help maintain or restore health, and regulate
body systems

16. These Medicines maintain, restore,
and enhance health.
Examples
Allergies
Body Regulating Medicines
Antidepressants
Cancer Treatment Medicines

17. 
Allergies
◦ Antihistamines- Reduce allergy symptoms by blocking
the chemicals produced by the immune system that
cause the allergic reaction.
◦ Some allergic reactions kill
 Bee Stings
 Peanuts
 Epinephrine- shot that slows or stops the reaction.

18. 
Body Regulating Medicines
◦ Medicines that regulate body chemistry
 Insulin- Regulates amount of sugar in the blood
 Inhalers- Prevent Asthma Attacks
 Heart Medicines- Regulate heart beat or blood pressure.

Antidepressants
◦ Help people suffering from mental illnesses
 Regulate blood chemistry
 Stabilize moods
 Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia

19. 
Cancer Treatment Medicines
◦ Help slow the cell growth of cancer
◦ Chemotherapy- Kill fast growing cancer cells.
◦ Immunotherapy- Uses the immune system to fight off
cancer cells.
◦ Can also kill healthy cells
 Side effects-reactions to medicines other than the one
intended.

20. 
How do you take medicines?
Oral- mouth, digestive system, blood stream
 Topical- Skin
 Inhaled- nose, lungs, and into blood stream
 Injected- directly to blood stream


21. 
Additive Interaction-When medicines work together in a
positive way.
◦ Muscle Relaxer and Anti Inflammatory for Joint Pain

Synergistic Effect- The interaction of two ore more
medicines that results in a greater affect than when each
medicine is taken alone.

Antagonistic Interaction- The effect of one medicine is
canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine.