Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental phenomenon in nature. It is responsible for almost all the phenomena in our daily life. Electromagnetism spans both electric fields and magnetic fields.

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2.  Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental
phenomenon in nature. It is responsible for
almost all the phenomena in our daily life.
 Electromagnetism spans both electric fields
and magnetic fields.
 When observed individually, electricity and
magnetism behave differently but when
unified, we can observe that both are
interdependent on each other and they
cannot be separated from each other.
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3.  In order to fully
understand Electromagnetism, we have to
look at the four laws that
govern electricity and magnetism.
 These are Gauss’s laws in Electrostatics,
Gauss’s law in Magnetism, Ampere’s law and
Faraday’s law.
 These laws were combined by James Clerk
Maxwell in the year 1864 to give a complete
set of relation and connection between both
the forces of electricity and magnetism.
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4.  The electric flux through any closed surface
is proportional to the enclosed electric
charge.
 An example of an electric field, a plane
surface area and a normal unit vector at an
angle in co-ordination with the electric field,
then the resultant electric flux is considered
as a scalar product.
 This defines electric flux as volt multiplied by
meter.
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5.  The magnetic field has divergence equal to
that of zero.
 Gauss’s law can be applied to a magnetic flux
through a closed surface. As magnetic field
lines are looped in circles.
 The magnetic field lines are all looped for all
closed surfaces. Hence a closed surface
exhibits zero magnetic flux.
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6.  The line integral of magnetic field intensity H
about any closed path is exactly equal to the
net current enclosed by that path.
 The only dependant in Ampere’s law is the
current that is flowing through the wire and
not the diameter of the wire. The magnetic
field is dependant on the current that is
enclosed in the loop of the wire.
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7.  The induced electromotive force (EMF) in any
closed circuit is equal to the time rate of
change of the magnetic flux through the
circuit.
 The law states that independent of the
change in the induced magnetic force,
voltage will be generated.
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8.  This can be either the change in the magnetic
field or by a magnet moving toward or away
from the coil of wire or moving the coil
toward or away from the magnetic field will
produce voltage.
 These four laws are primary to the
functioning of the modern electric system.
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9.  Ampere’s law is useful in the production and
maintenance of transformers.
 Faraday’s law is useful in the production of
power.
 Without these laws, the concept of power
production and power distribution would not
have been possible.
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