In 2007 the Governmental Service for Archeology, Cultural landscape and Monuments (RACM) selected 100 intact buildings from the reconstruction period in the Netherlands for future incorporation in the Governmental List of Protected Monuments.
Although this was considered as an interesting start, the private volunteer organization for cultural heritage ‘Heemschut’ stated that the selection was not representative. Particularly the absence of special categories, such as town halls and ensembles of houses, was the reason to start our own inventory. Although some communities had made surveys of reconstruction buildings themselves, most of the work had to be done by volunteers of the Heemschut organization. Selection criteria were formulated and applied to several hundreds of buildings and ensembles. Ca 25 per district were chosen and compiled in a booklet, as one characteristic item was given special attention.
During the one year course of the project it became obvious that 13 buildings were at risk and 12 demolished already. A number of these were built by famous architects such as Van Ravesteyn, Kloos, Boks, Blom, Duintjer and Wentink.
The brochure and this project evoked attention of the government and local authorities and public awareness by articles in the press and items on local and regional television stations. In that way the campaign succeeded already. In the near future a second phase of this project will deal with the guidance of activities in individual cases, developing of a format for a survey and all types of media contributions to propagate the significance of the reconstruction period.
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Future listed buildings and ensembles from the reconstruction period (1940-1965) in the Netherlands (Willem Heijbroek)
1. Future listed buildings and
ensembles
From the reconstruction period
(1940-1965) in the Netherlands
Drs Willem Heijbroek
Heemschut
2. • Heemschut was founded in 1911 at Amsterdam as
a general organization for the protection of
historical buildings and other monuments.
• During the course of time in the provinces
councils were created and it became the largest
private organization in this field.
• Monuments and characteristic buildings in danger
of demolishing were protected by actions at the
level of town, province and country.
• In this way large numbers of valuable buildings
could be saved.
Heemschut protects cultural
heritage
4. Development during the course
of years
• Within the framework of Heemschut groups of
specialists were formed.
• In this way o.a. Menno van Coehoorn, Cuypers
society, farm foundations and the Dutch mill
association originated.
• The last ten years Heemschut has widened its
scope into ensembles, cultural landscapes and its
historical elements, the floating heritage and the
more recent architecture.
5. The organization of Heemschut
• Governing board consisting of chairman,
secretary, treasurer and chairmen of all
provinces.
• Administrative bureau with general
director, technical and juridical expert,
department public activities and recently
projectgroups as task force.
• Editorial staff producing the periodical of
Heemschut.
6. Project Reconstruction
architecture
• In 2007 the Governmental Service for
Archeology, Cultural landscape and Monuments
(RACM) selected 100 intact buildings (1940-
1958).
• This was an interesting start but insufficient and
dangerous; sinmce what would happen with 101?
• The selection was not representative and
Heemschut started a survey, based on its own
selection criteria.
8. Categories of heritage to be
protected
• Public buildings, town halls, institutions
concert halls
• Business buildings, banks, shops, hotels.
• Industrial complexes, factories, bridges.
• Homes and quarters.
• Cultural landscapes with farms, polders,
water works.
18. Criteria for protection
• Quality and unicity.
• Characteristic for the area in Zeeland: water
management tools, emergency houses.
• The ensembles, quarters and re-allotments.
• The level of maintainance and housing
should not play a role.
• The threat of demolition.
38. In the outer area bungalows
have been built in a similar
concept.
39. The landscape architect C.P. Broerse designed the
surrounding area. In 2003 the municipality of
Middelburg planned additional houses in the green
area which was prevented by the inhabitants
40. The inhabitants
organized
themselves in a
foundation to
prevent further
demolition of the
environment.
They developed
initiatives for
revitalization of
the houses by
planning similar
sheds.
42. This project is a unique
example how a group of
citizens can protect their
neighbourhood from
demolishing by joint
effort.
They formed a
organization of
volunteers with a
number of activities and
even edited an
information leaflet.
43. Recognition and partnership
• Heemschut Zeeland recognized the special
character of this quarter and estimated it as
the best ensemble from the reconstruction
period.
• The municipalty of Middelburg changed
their view and is now on speaking terms
with the organization, helping them to
provide funds for revitalizing.