Can my horse get the swine flu? Why does my horse cough at the beginning of exercise? Can I catch strangles from my horse? Why do racehorses bleed rom their noses? These and other questions will be answered in this webcast.
Respiratory Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention (Schott)
1. My Horse University and eXtension’sHorseQuestwelcome you to this live Webcast. Respiratory Disease:Diagnosis, Treatmentand Prevention Hal Schott, DVM, PhD, DAVCIM
6. Viral Respiratory Disease Equine influenza Aequi-1 and Aequi-2 Generally “species specific” Affects all ages, repeat infectionpossible
7. Viral Respiratory Disease High morbidity (30-50%)/mortality rare Sick for 3-7 days = fever and decrease in appetite Recover in 1-3 weeks 20-30% may develop secondarybacterial pneumonia and requiretreatment with antibiotics (penicillin G) Diagnosis = nasal swab Vaccinations available EHV-1&4: horses ≤ 5 years Influenza: intranasal vaccine 2x/year
9. Bacterial Respiratory Disease Streptococcus equi Highly contagious disease Can affect all ages but most seriousin foals Prolonged (but not lifelong)immunity after infection Treatment controversial “Let it run its course” “Stop it in its tracks” Antibiotics = penicillin G Intranasal vaccination – be cautious
10. Bacterial Respiratory Disease Streptococcus equi Persists in guttural pouches of 2-3% of “normal” horses Is it at a show with 100-200 horses? How is it detected? Outbreaks variable Low morbidity High morbidity Complications in 10% of horses Will also likely be with us forever!
13. Bacterial Respiratory Disease Rhodococcusequi Insidious onset pneumonia in foal and weanlings Farm/herd problem Overcrowding Dust/dirt paddocks High environmental temperature Fever, decreased appetite but little nasal discharge or cough Quiet lung sounds due to abscess formation
14. Bacterial Respiratory Disease Rhodococcusequi Diagnosis Radiographs and ultrasonography Transtracheal aspirate and culture
17. Pneumonia in Adult Horses “Spontaneous pneumonia” is rare Inhale a foreign body Esophageal rupture Neoplasia = cancer “Shipping fever” “Aspiration pneumonia” Lung damage accompanied by fluidoutside the lungs Risk factors Strenuous exercise Transport >750 miles Travel with head tied up Hay net in front of horse
18. Shipping Fever Why is “shipping fever” less common in the United Kingdom?
19. Pneumonia in Adult Horses Diagnosis Fever, decreased appetite, pain after transport Lung ultrasonography Transtracheal wash – mixed bacterial pneumonia Treatment Broad spectrum antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs (not steroids) for 4-7 days, better to be safe Relapse after 4-10 days is a serious warning sign
21. Pleuropneumonia Uncomplicated case Sterile effusion Antibiotics: 2-4 weeks Thoracic drainage: 0-2 times 1-3 months out of work Favorable prognosis Not inexpensive Often preventable Careful transport Early recognition
22. Pleuropneumonia Complicated case Infected effusion Antibiotics: 2-6 months Open thoracic drainage forthoracic abscesses 6-12 months out of work Guarded prognosis, ↑ $$$
23. Non-infectious Airway Disease Airflow obstruction during exercise Upper airway – narrowing Lower airways – mucus or blood
24. Upper Airway Obstruction Usually accompanied by a noise Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia = roaring Dorsal displacement of soft palate = snoring Less common problems Diagnosis require resting or treadmill endoscopy or recording airway noise Treatment generally requires surgery
25. Lower Airway Obstruction Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) Lower airway inflammation in youngracehorses and adult performance horses Environmental disease Hay and barn dust Increased airflow Clinical signs “Healthy” horse Good appetite, no fever Decreasedperformance Cough Endoscopy = mucusaccumulation one-third of racehorses affected
26. Does Mucus Accumulation Matter? MSU research – yes, in racehorses Adult performance horses??? Compete at submaximal exerciseintensities Mucus probably not alimitingfactor but causesa cough at start of exercise
28. Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage Why do horses bleed? “Stress failure” of pulmonary capillaries Weak link between high driving pressure of blood through lungs and a stuff left ventricle that may limit cardiac filling during strenuous exercise Is EIPH a cause of poor performance?
30. Does EIPH Affect Performance Hinchcliffet al. JAVMA 227:768-774, 2005
31. Does Furosemide Decrease EIPH? 152 TBs raced 2x (furosemide vs. placebo) 3.4x more likely to have EIPH score >1 7.1x more likely to have EIPH score >2 Hinchcliff et al. JAVMA 235:76-82, 2009
32. Non-infectious Airway Disease Airflow obstruction at rest Lower airways – recurrent airway obstruction = heaves Excessive mucus leads to coughing Bronchoconstrictionleads to increasedrespiratory effort
34. RAO = Heaves Both “allergy” and non-specific airway inflammation Allergy to hay dust (genetic predisposition in some lines) Barn dustexacerbatesinflammation
35. RAO = Heaves Treatment/management Improve environment = outside 24/7 Pasture, soaked hay or hay cubes, complete pelleted feed Bronchodilators – may alleviate sudden bronchoconstriction – clenbuterol and others Corticosteroids – control inflammation, steroids are the mainstay of treatment after improving environment Allergy testing may help in some horses
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40. Upcoming Webcasts Horse Health Series Lameness in the Performance Horse | March 16 Rehabilitating the Lame Horse | March 23 Equine Emergency First Aid | April 20 *All webcasts will be at 7 p.m. ET
41. Thank you! Thank you for attending this live Web presentation! For more information about My Horse University, please visit us at: www.myhorseuniversity.com info@myhorseuniversity.com | www.myhorseuniversity.com | 517-353-3123
Notas del editor
This research protocol was approved by the Michigan State University All University Committee on Animal Use and Care. To invesitgate our hypothesis four untrained standardbreds, 2 mares and 2 geldings, between 8 and 5 years old, weighing between 900 and 1160 pounds were instrumented unsedated. Restraint , usually a twitch, was applied when necessary and catheter sites were desensitized with carbocaine. Three catheters were placed: a 7 French, 100 cm softtouch was placed using a percutaneous catheter introducer set into the left femoral vein and advanced approximately 54 cm. A 18 gauge, 5 cm Teflon catheter was placed into the carotid artery which had been relocated to a subcutaneous position. And finally a 7 French, 100 cm nylon “J” tailed catheter was placed via a percutaneous catheter introducer into the pulmonary artery. The placement of the pulmonary catheter was verified by using a pressure transducer and oscilloscope to observe the pressure waveform as the distal end of the catheter passed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Finally, surface electrodes were super glued to the skin tfor electrocardiographic determination of heart rate.
This research protocol was approved by the Michigan State University All University Committee on Animal Use and Care. To invesitgate our hypothesis four untrained standardbreds, 2 mares and 2 geldings, between 8 and 5 years old, weighing between 900 and 1160 pounds were instrumented unsedated. Restraint , usually a twitch, was applied when necessary and catheter sites were desensitized with carbocaine. Three catheters were placed: a 7 French, 100 cm softtouch was placed using a percutaneous catheter introducer set into the left femoral vein and advanced approximately 54 cm. A 18 gauge, 5 cm Teflon catheter was placed into the carotid artery which had been relocated to a subcutaneous position. And finally a 7 French, 100 cm nylon “J” tailed catheter was placed via a percutaneous catheter introducer into the pulmonary artery. The placement of the pulmonary catheter was verified by using a pressure transducer and oscilloscope to observe the pressure waveform as the distal end of the catheter passed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Finally, surface electrodes were super glued to the skin tfor electrocardiographic determination of heart rate.
This research protocol was approved by the Michigan State University All University Committee on Animal Use and Care. To invesitgate our hypothesis four untrained standardbreds, 2 mares and 2 geldings, between 8 and 5 years old, weighing between 900 and 1160 pounds were instrumented unsedated. Restraint , usually a twitch, was applied when necessary and catheter sites were desensitized with carbocaine. Three catheters were placed: a 7 French, 100 cm softtouch was placed using a percutaneous catheter introducer set into the left femoral vein and advanced approximately 54 cm. A 18 gauge, 5 cm Teflon catheter was placed into the carotid artery which had been relocated to a subcutaneous position. And finally a 7 French, 100 cm nylon “J” tailed catheter was placed via a percutaneous catheter introducer into the pulmonary artery. The placement of the pulmonary catheter was verified by using a pressure transducer and oscilloscope to observe the pressure waveform as the distal end of the catheter passed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Finally, surface electrodes were super glued to the skin tfor electrocardiographic determination of heart rate.
This research protocol was approved by the Michigan State University All University Committee on Animal Use and Care. To invesitgate our hypothesis four untrained standardbreds, 2 mares and 2 geldings, between 8 and 5 years old, weighing between 900 and 1160 pounds were instrumented unsedated. Restraint , usually a twitch, was applied when necessary and catheter sites were desensitized with carbocaine. Three catheters were placed: a 7 French, 100 cm softtouch was placed using a percutaneous catheter introducer set into the left femoral vein and advanced approximately 54 cm. A 18 gauge, 5 cm Teflon catheter was placed into the carotid artery which had been relocated to a subcutaneous position. And finally a 7 French, 100 cm nylon “J” tailed catheter was placed via a percutaneous catheter introducer into the pulmonary artery. The placement of the pulmonary catheter was verified by using a pressure transducer and oscilloscope to observe the pressure waveform as the distal end of the catheter passed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Finally, surface electrodes were super glued to the skin tfor electrocardiographic determination of heart rate.
