Intelligent slime mold, but can it remember?
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A presentation on *Physarum polycephalum*, a slime mold, and its memory. I gave this talk on November 13, 2012 for the BBC Journal Club at UCSF. The primary topic is the paper: > Slime mold uses an externalized spatial “memory” to navigate in complex environments. > https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215037109
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Intelligent slime mold, but can it remember?
- 1. Daniel Himmelstein Physarum polycephalum BBC Journal Club link to source
- 3. plasmodium • vegetative state • acellular • multinuclear • protoplasmic veins (tubules)
- 5. Ball et al. J Exp Bot. 2011 1,000-1,300Mya 700-1,000 Mya Chernikova et al. Biology Direct. 2011
- 6. Nakagaki et al. Nature 2000 finds shortest path hour 4 hour 8time 0 Maze Solving coats entire agar plasmodium retracts
- 7. Tokyo Railway Tero et al. Science 2010
- 8. Tero et al. Science 2010
- 9. Tero et al. Science 2010 • efficiency • fault tolerance • cost Actual Rail Network Slime Tubule Network
- 10. Navigation Schemes reactive • immediate environment • efficient • novel exploration global • span entire search space • map precedes solution • no internalized memory
- 11. Slime mold uses an externalized spatial “memory” to navigate in complex environments. Chris R. Reid,Tanya Lattya,Audrey Dussutour, and Madeleine Beekman PNAS October 23, 2012 vol. 109 no. 43 17490-17494
- 14. 391 40 < 0.001 Slime Coated Agar Blank
- 15. 1822 40 0.636
- 16. 716 23 0.93
- 17. 24 trials 120 hours Does extracellular slime function as a navigational aid? blank (trail perceivable) slime coated (trail masked) glucose plasmodium investigate the ability of the plasmodium to navigate around the trap and reach the glucose
- 19. Mean Speed of Plasmodium 50 0.345 2.5 millimeters per hour
- 20. Proportion Finding Goal 96% 33% < 0.001
- 21. Mean Time to Reach Goal 800 0.012 40 hours excluding trials over 120 hours
- 22. Mean Distance Traveled 5000 < 0.001 250 millimeters
- 23. Mean Time Spent in Trap 500 0.016 25 hours
- 24. Mean Time Spent on own slime trail 400 0.042 20 hours
- 25. 13 trials 16 trials measurement p-value time to reach goal 0.374 distance travelled 0.471 speed 0.889
- 27. first conclusion: extracellular slime avoidance provides a navigational benefit • choice of 120 hour cutoff • avoids extracellular slime for non- navigational reasons • do navigational benefits hold across a variety of complex environments • how are competing stimuli balanced
- 28. • “storage and retrieval of information relating to past events” • Spatial • Externalized • Collective • Functional precursor second conclusion: extracellular slime avoidance is a form of memory
- 29. Memory • epigenetic processes (chromatin structure) • vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter) • immune response (antibodies) • evolution (stored adaptations) • ants (pheromone trails) • sticky notes “storage and retrieval of information relating to past events”
- 30. Memory • epigenetic processes (chromatin structure) • vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter) • immune response (antibodies) • evolution (stored adaptations) • ants (pheromone trails) • sticky notes “internal storage and retrieval of information relating to past events”
- 31. Memory • epigenetic processes (chromatin structure) • vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter) • immune response (antibodies) • evolution (stored adaptations) • ants (pheromone trails) • sticky notes “storage and retrieval of information relating to personal past events”