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Microbes and DiseaseName:_________<br />List 6 methods by which pathogens are transmitted and gain entry to the body <br />How are some of these diseases transmitted? <br />Athlete´s Foot:<br />Cholera:<br />Measles:<br />Malaria:<br />Syphilis:<br />Tetnus:<br />Case Study:  Streptecoccus <br />Extracellular bacteria <br />,[object Object],Presence produces antibodies known as opsonins <br />Produce acute diseases <br />              -begin rapidly<br />             -last a short time<br />            -distinct symptoms<br />Virulence of Streptococcus <br />,[object Object]
Strep-throat, tonsilitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
Produces virulence factors                    -producd by plasmids<br />                   -cause pathogenicity <br />Case Study: Chlamydia <br />Intracellular bacteria<br />              -replicate in phagocytes or epithelial cells<br />Causes chronic disease<br />                -persists for a long time <br />Developmental lifecycle of Chlamydia <br />Toxins <br />Chemicals released by pathogen especially bacteria<br />2 types<br />               -exotoxins e.g. Salmonella <br />               -enterotoxins e.g. Clostridium tetani <br />More about exotoxins <br />,[object Object],1.  Toxins that act upon connective tissue<br />              -allows further spread of bacteria and therefore infection of underlying tissues<br />             -Staphylococcus aureus produces hyaluronidase <br />,[object Object],                      -enter cells and affect their metabolism<br />                      -Diptheria exotoxin <br />,[object Object],-puncture cell membrane killing cells<br />                     -C. perfringens produces phospholipase that digests  the plasma membrane <br />

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