Emotional Stability Personality Theories Extraversion Openness to Experience Agreeableness Conscientiousness

1. Introduction
Today, we live in highly ambitious and competitive society where each one of us
wants to show better than others. As a result most of us pretend to have higher
status than our peers. This can be seen easily in the field of education where most
of the parents prefer to have their ward in private schoolrather then in government
school. Even though 15 years before, there were very few public schools operating
in any city and KV contribute most of the education but now a days trend have
been changed and people do prefer Public schools even though they are very
expensive. Today, children in India are growing in a more challenging and
demanding environment. The rate of change in every sphere is rapid with the
enhanced knowledge exchange and technology development, the world is going
flatter.
Globalization demands a new dimension to our approachto education. We, thus
have to recognize the need for a globally relevant education. Such an education
would mean imparting skills that would develop mental agility in individuals to
confidently interact and work in diverse environs or situations. The school
curriculum should be oriented such that students embody self confidence and ‘out
of the box’ thought process. Therefore, the focus is to strengthen competencies
needed to be autonomous, lifelong learners, and for a holistic development of the
students who enter the schoolportals, a wide range of multi-dimensional activities
should be organized which go a long way in propelling a self-belief, confidence in
decision making and problem solving along with chiselling of soft skills. The
schoolcurriculum should be oriented to bolster the physical, emotional, social and
cultural needs of the students. A strong requirement today is to simultaneously
weave a firm moral fiber in the students’ personality. The key to this goal is to
pursue a value based education process.
The practice of value oriented process acts as a nucleus around which all the
schoolactivities revolve. We should be very conscious of the fact that emotional
stability plays a very significant role in the healthy growth of a child. One of the
important tools to achieve this is through more interaction and one to one rapport
with the children. This open and interactive approachalso helps in discovering and
strengthening inherent talent in the students. All the schoolactivities should be

2. based on a participatory spirit that reduces the inhibition levels of the students and
thus assists the students in becoming aware of their potential.
Emotional Stability
Emotional stability is not only one of the effective determinants of the personality
patterns, but it also helps to control the growth of adolescent development. The
conceptof stable emotional behaviour at any level is that which reflects the fruits
of the normal emotional development. An individual who is able to keep his
emotions stable and under control even in extreme situations, might still be
emotionally stunned or be childish in his behavior sometimes. Therefore emotional
stability is considered as one of the important aspect of human life. Pupil must be
able to control his/her emotions adequately and also expressed them appropriately.
Scott(1968) opined that emotional stability as one of the seven important
indicators of superior mental health. It also affects the learning of the pupils.
Emotional control may impair performances in situations which require flexibility
and adaptability on the part of the personor pupil. If the pupil have no very little
emotion control. It may lead to anxiety, inferiority feeling and guild (Fandsen,
1961). It has also been found that if the people want to be mentally healthy, these
unhealthy feelings must be replace by the feeling of self respect, security and
confidence which can be achieve only after a good sense of emotional stability
emerges. Emotional stability overcomes the fear generated by past errors; it also
allows us to pursue our superior ideals and be of service to others whenever we
wish to do so. It neutralizes environmental instability and helps us to face pressures
or facilities with equal poise, refraining from excess and extravagance.
When aware of our mission on earth, we should set ourselves a goal and strive to
attain it. We should neither stop nor run, but walk on firmly and steadily, never
disturbing others. Our faith in the truth of everlasting life should help us to act
serenely. We should ask ourself what we expect from life, how we plan to achieve
it and why we want it.

3. According to Smitson (1974) emotional stability is the process in which the
personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both
intra-physically and intra-personally. It has been emphasized that the emotionally
stable individual has the capacity to withstand delay in satisfaction of needs, ability
to tolerate a reasonable amount of frustration, belief in long term planning and is
capable of delaying or revising his expectations in terms of demands of the
situations. An emotionally stable child has a capacity to make effective
adjustments with himself, members of the family and his peers. It may be
suggested that somehow emotional stability is related to person socio-
economicstatus in some or other way.
Personality Theories
Personalities are distinctive. Each individual behaves according to certain
distinctive patterns throughout a variety of situations. Humans are finely tuned to
observe these behavior patterns of acquaintances and to notice behavior differences
among people.
You might use words such as talkative, cheerful, cold, disorganized, compulsive,
intellectual, shrewd, shortsighted, flirtatious, or ruthless to describe various people
you know. Also, you have probably observed that these various behaviors stay
with the person consistently over time and throughout a variety of circumstances.
These persistent behavior patterns, called personality traits, are stable over time,
consistent in a variety of situations, and differ from one individual to the next.
Personality can be defined as the psychological qualities that bring continuity to an
individual’s behavior in different situations and at different times. [zimbardo]
Over the years several efforts have helped to understand and develop a common
vocabulary to describe personality traits. The most fruitful begin with the simple
idea that humans introduce words into their language to describe interesting
aspects of the world around them. This idea forms the basis for the lexical
hypothesis, which states:[DeRaad]
Those individual differences that are of most significance in the daily
transactions ofpersons with eachother will eventually become encodedinto
their language. The more important is such a difference, the more people will
notice it and wish to talk of it, with the result that eventually they will invent a
word for it.

4. The Big Five Model of Personality
Emotional Stability
Emotional Stability refers to one’s proneness to negative emotions and anxiety.
More resilient persons (high on emotional stability) are less prone to experiencing
negative reactions. More reactive persons (low on emotional stability) are more
prone to experiencing negative reactions.
Extraversion
Extraversion refers to the number of relationships with which one is comfortable.
High extraversion is characterized by a larger number of relationships and a larger
proportion of one’s time spent in enjoying them. Low extraversion is characterized
by a smaller number of relationships and a smaller proportion of one’s time spent
in pursuing those relationships.
Sample items
 I am the life of the party.
 I don'tmind being the center of attention.
 I feel comfortable around people.
 I start conversations.
 I talk to a lot of different people at parties.
 I don'ttalk a lot.
 I think a lot before I speak or act.
 I don'tlike to draw attention to myself.
 I am quiet around strangers.
 I have no intention of talking in large crowds.
Openness to Experience
Openness refers to the number of interests to which on is attracted and the depth to
which those interests are pursued. High openness refers to a personwith relatively
more interests and, consequently, relatively less depth within each interest, while

5. low openness refers to a person with relatively few interests and relatively more
depth in each of those interests.
A particular individual, however, may have a high overall openness scoreand be
interested in learning and exploring new cultures but have no great interest in art or
poetry.
Sample items
 I have excellent ideas.
 I am quick to understand things.
 I use difficult words.
 I am full of ideas.
 I am not interested in abstractions.
 I do not have a good imagination.
 I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas.
Agreeableness
Agreeableness refers to one’s general interpersonal orientation. High
agreeableness describes a person who reacts to others with warmth and will bend
to avoid conflict. Low agreeableness describes one who, in the extreme, only
follows one’s inner voice regardless of hurting others.
Sampleitems
 I am interested in people.
 I sympathize with others' feelings.
 I have a softheart.
 I take time out for others.
 I feel others' emotions.
 I make people feel at ease.
 I am not really interested in others.
 I insult people.
 I am not interested in other people's problems.
 I feel little concern for others.

6. Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness refers to goal-directed behavior. High conscientiousness refers
to a person who focuses intensely on his/her goals and exhibits the self-discipline
associated with such focus. Low conscientiousness refers to one who is
disorganized and distracted.
Sampleitems
 I am always prepared.
 I pay attention to details.
 I get chores done right away.
 I like order.
 I follow a schedule.
 I am exacting in my work.
 I leave my belongings around.
 I make a mess of things.
 I often forget to put things back in their proper place.
 I shirk my duties.
The American-English form of the structure identifies these five personality
factors:
Factor Trait Characteristics Inverse Trait Characteristics
I
Extraversion/Surgency
Talkative, extroverted
Aggressive, verbal
Sociable, bold
Assertive, social
Unrestrained, confident
Shy, quiet
Introverted, silent
Untalkative, bashful
Reserved, withdrawn
Timid, unaggressive
II Agreeableness Sympathetic, kind
Warm, understanding
Soft-hearted, helpful
Considerate,
cooperative
Trustful, affectionate
Cold, unsympathetic
Unkind, rude
Harsh, inconsiderate
Insensitive, insincere
Hard, uncharitable

7. III Conscientiousness Organized, neat
Orderly, systematic
Efficient, responsible
Precise, thorough
Practical, dependable
Disorganized, disorderly
Careless, unsystematic
Inefficient, sloppy
Haphazard, inconsistent
Impractical, negligent
IV EmotionalStability Unenvious, relaxed
Unexcitable, patient
Undemanding,
imperturbable
Unselfconscious,
uncritical
Masculine, optimistic
Moody, temperamental
Jealous, touchy
Envious, irritable
Fretful, emotional
Self-pitying, nervous
V Intellect Creative, intellectual
Imaginative,
philosophical
Artistic, complex
Inventive, intelligent
Innovative, deep
Uncreative, unimaginative
Unintellectual, unintelligent
Simple, unreflective
Shallow, imperceptive
Unsophisticated, uniquisitive.
These five factors can be further understood by looking at the following two tables
of single pole markers for each trait. The table of trait markers lists the top 10
adjectives that correlate most positively with each factor. The table of inverse trait
markers lists the top 10 adjectives that correlate most negatively with each factor.
Trait Markers:
Surgency Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional
stability
Intellect
Extraverted
Talkative
Assertive
Verbal
Energetic
Bold
Active
Daring
Vigorous
Unrestrained
Kind
Cooperative
Sympathetic
Warm
Trustful
Conscientious
Pleasant
Agreeable
Helpful
Generous
Organized
Systematic
Thorough
Practical
Neat
Efficient
Careful
Steady
Conscientious
Prompt
Unenvious
Unemotional
Relaxed
Imperturbable
Unexcitable
Undemanding
Intellectual
Creative
Complex
Imaginative
Bright
Philosophical
Artistic
Deep
Innovative
Introspective

8. Inverse Trait Markers:
Surgency Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional
stability
Intellect
Introverted
Shy
Quiet
Reserved
Untalkative
Inhibited
Withdrawn
Timid
Bashful
Unadventurous
Cold
Unkind
Unsympathetic
Distrustful
Harsh
Demanding
Rude
Selfish
Uncooperative
Uncharitable
Disorganized
Careless
Unsystematic
Inefficient
Undependable
Impractical
Negligent
Inconsistent
Haphazard
Sloppy
Emotional
Irritable
Fretful
Jealous
Touchy
Nervous
Insecure
Fearful
Self-
pitying
High-
strung
Unintellectual
Unintelligent
Unimaginative
Uncreative
Simple
Unsophisticated
Unreflective
Imperceptive
Uninquisitive
Shallow
Anyone’s personality can be measured along these five dimensions using a variety
of questionnaires andassessmentinstruments designed for this. The result can be
displayed in a chart showing where your personality falls between the extreme
poles for each trait. The following chart is an example, where each triangle marker
represents the degree each of the five factors is present for a particular individual.
The factor numbers are in the first column, followed by the factor names. In this
chart the names have been chosenso that their first letters (E, A, C, N, O) can be
rearranged to spell OCEAN, which provides a useful mnemonic for remembering
the factor names. FactorIV is listed with reverse polarity to enable this mnemonic.
The last column names each inverse trait.

9. Your PersonalityProfile
I Extraverted –––––––▲–––––––––––––––––––––––
––
Introverted
II Agreeable ––––––––––––––––––––––––––▲––––
––
Antagonistic
III Conscientious –––▲–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––
Disorganized
IV Neurotic ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––▲––
–––
Emotionally
Stable
V Open ––––––––––––▲––––––––––––––––––
––––
Closed
In this example the person is more extroverted than introverted, but not extremely
so. Note that the factorI marker is not all the way to the left. People vary in the
strength with which their personalities exhibit each trait. Most people fall
somewhere between the extremes of each pole, and are neither pure extrovert nor
pure introvert, for example. This person is somewhat antagonistic (not agreeable),
quite conscientious, rather emotionally stable and somewhat more open to
experience (high intellect) than closed to experience.
Personality is stable over very long periods of time; personality traits do
not change. They form the stable second layer in the architecture for
interaction model. Understanding, accepting, and applying your personality traits is
an important part of knowing yourself.
Another study focused on descriptive nouns. [Saucier] An analysis of the results
extracted eight factors. Their names, along with the five nouns having the highest
correlation for each factor are shown in the following table.
Factor 1
Social Unacceptability
Factor 2
Intellect
Factor 3
Egocentrism
Factor 4
Ruggedness
Trash
Dumbbell
Dummy
Twit
Moron
Philosopher
Nonconformist
Pioneer
Poet
Artist
Snob
Gossip
Eavesdropper
Critic
Materialist
Tough
Jock
Sportsman
Machine
Aggressor

10. Factor 5
Delinquency
Factor 6
Attractiveness
Factor 7
Liveliness
Factor 8
Disorientation
Lawbreaker
Pothead
Drunk
Alcoholic
Rebel
Babe
Darling
Sweetie
Honey
Beauty
Joker
Clown
Goof
Comedian
Comic
Klutz
Worrywart
Sleepyhead
Daydreamer
Speculator
These factors may relate directly to the primal concerns of people as follows:
Factor1: Social Unacceptability, relates to inclusion or exclusion from a social
group. This is a basic decision humans make as social animals. The poles, or
underlying primal decision, can be though of as: Exclude ↔ Include
Factor2: Intellect, relates to human intelligence and higher levels of cognition.
Smart is sexy and it has been said that the brain is the most important sex organ.
Many believe that intelligence distinguishes us as humans, and it may be
interpreted as an indicator of evolutionary advancement. Intelligence is an
important indicator of stature. The poles can be described as: Bright ↔ Dull
Factor3: Egocentrism, relates to a lack of empathy and respectfor others. It may
be related to an overzealous display of status, a generous or false self-image,
failure to counterbalance the first-person viewpoint, or a counterfeit display of
stature. Its poles can be labeled: Arrogant ↔ Humble or
Narcissistic↔ Empathetic.
Factor4: Ruggedness, relates to dominance, aggression, and power. Its poles can
be labeled: Dominant ↔Submissive
Factor5: Delinquency, relates to cheating. The theory of reciprocal altruism
describes the importance and effectiveness of “cheater detectors”for the social
interaction of humans. The poles can be labeled: Cheater↔ Plays fair
Factor6: Attractiveness, relates directly to sex and procreation. The poles can be
labeled as: Sexy ↔Repulsive, ugly, disgusting.
Factor7: Liveliness, relates to attracting attention, perhaps as a strategy for
attracting a mate. The terms seem to describe a real party animal. Possible labels
for the poles are: Loud ↔ Quiet, reserved

11. Factor8: Disorientation, relates to competenceand reliability. Poles can be
labeled: Incompetent ↔Competent.
Quotations:
 “Men do not change, they unmask themselves.” ~ Madame de Stael
 “You cannot change the stripes on a tiger.” ~ Folk wisdom
 “The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior.”