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ONLINE	
  LEARNING	
  
By:	
  Leigh	
  Hunter	
  
“Girl	
  with	
  Laptop	
  Outside”	
  by	
  CollegeDegrees360	
  (Flickr)	
  
“Desk”	
  by	
  Stephanie	
  Asher	
  (Flickr)	
  	
  
“Online	
  learning	
  is	
  not	
  the	
  next	
  big	
  thing,	
  
it	
  is	
  the	
  now	
  big	
  thing”	
  
-­‐  Donna	
  J.	
  Abernathy	
  
	
  American	
  Society	
  for	
  Training	
  and	
  Development	
  
In	
  the	
  wake	
  of	
  the	
  digital	
  revoluTon,	
  students	
  are	
  
turning	
  to	
  the	
  internet	
  to	
  expand	
  their	
  horizons	
  
“DSC_0092”	
  by	
  thawes	
  (Flickr)	
  
“Final	
  Exam”	
  by	
  dcJohn	
  (Flickr)	
  
In	
  2011	
  6.7	
  million	
  U.S.	
  postsecondary	
  students	
  
were	
  enrolled	
  in	
  at	
  least	
  1	
  online	
  course	
  
	
  
This	
  represents	
  32%	
  of	
  total	
  student	
  enrollment	
  in	
  
the	
  United	
  States	
  
-­‐Babson	
  Survey	
  Research	
  Group	
  (2013)	
  
“Laptop”	
  by	
  CollegeDegrees360	
  (Flickr)	
  
"Students	
  who	
  took	
  all	
  or	
  part	
  of	
  their	
  class	
  online	
  performed	
  be:er,	
  on	
  average,	
  than	
  
those	
  taking	
  the	
  same	
  course	
  through	
  tradiTonal,	
  face-­‐to-­‐face	
  instrucTon.”	
  
-­‐US	
  Department	
  of	
  EducaTon	
  Report	
  
Many	
  schools	
  such	
  as	
  Harvard,	
  Yale,	
  and	
  MIT	
  publish	
  much	
  of	
  their	
  
course	
  material	
  online	
  for	
  free.	
  	
  
	
  
This	
  can	
  include:	
  	
  
•  lecture	
  slides	
  
•  video	
  lectures	
  
•  tests	
  and	
  final	
  exams.	
  
	
  
You	
  cannot	
  however	
  receive	
  academic	
  credit	
  for	
  these	
  courses.	
  
“MIT	
  Dome”	
  by	
  Adam	
  Fagen	
  (Flickr)	
  
“GraduaTon	
  6”	
  by	
  wrightbrosfan	
  (Flickr)	
  
But	
  what	
  about	
  other	
  
sources	
  of	
  online	
  
educaTon?	
  
YouTube	
  is	
  the	
  most	
  
popular	
  video	
  sharing	
  
website	
  and	
  many	
  
people	
  use	
  it	
  as	
  a	
  
pla^orm	
  to	
  share	
  
educaTonal	
  videos	
  
“GraduaTon	
  6”	
  by	
  wrightbrosfan	
  (Flickr)	
  
Channel	
   Subscribers	
   Videos	
   Views	
  
Khan	
  Academy	
   1.77	
  M	
   4.2	
  K	
   403.5	
  M	
  
Sci	
  Show	
   1.73	
  M	
   480	
   166.3	
  M	
  
Crash	
  Course	
   1.72	
  M	
   245	
   103.6	
  M	
  
SmarterEveryDay	
   1.69	
  M	
   196	
   96.2	
  M	
  
Veritasium	
   1.47	
  M	
   157	
   79.2	
  M	
  
YouTube	
  EducaTon	
  
Channels	
  
Top	
  5	
  EducaTon	
  Channel	
  staTsTcs	
  
Source:	
  VidStatsX.com	
  (May	
  23,	
  2014)	
  
Derek	
  Muller	
  
Creator	
  and	
  host	
  of	
  the	
  YouTube	
  Channel	
  Veritasium	
  
	
  
B.Sc	
  Engineering	
  Physics	
  (Sci	
  ’04)	
  –	
  Queen’s	
  University	
  
PhD	
  Physics	
  EducaTon	
  Research	
  –	
  University	
  of	
  Sydney	
  
	
  
Thesis:	
  Designing	
  Effec+ve	
  Mul+media	
  for	
  Physics	
  Educa+on	
  
“Derek	
  Muller”	
  by	
  Halans	
  (Flickr)	
  
For	
  his	
  PhD	
  research	
  Derek	
  studied	
  the	
  
effecTveness	
  of	
  teaching	
  physics	
  through	
  short	
  
videos	
  presented	
  online.	
  
	
  
Incoming	
  first	
  year	
  physics	
  students	
  were	
  asked	
  to	
  
write	
  a	
  26	
  quesTon	
  mulTple	
  choice	
  online	
  exam	
  
about	
  the	
  basic	
  laws	
  of	
  moTon.	
  
	
  
They	
  then	
  watched	
  an	
  8-­‐10	
  minute	
  video	
  
explaining	
  the	
  basic	
  laws	
  of	
  moTon	
  and	
  rewrote	
  
the	
  same	
  online	
  exam.	
  
“Derek	
  Muller”	
  by	
  Halans	
  (Flickr)	
  
“No	
  More	
  Tests”	
  by	
  Tmlewisnm	
  (Flickr)	
  
They	
  were	
  also	
  asked	
  to	
  rate	
  their	
  confidence	
  in	
  their	
  answers	
  and	
  
mental	
  effort.	
  
	
  
In	
  follow	
  up	
  interviews	
  they	
  were	
  asked	
  how	
  they	
  felt	
  about	
  the	
  videos?	
  
“Laptop”	
  by	
  CollegeDegrees360	
  (Flickr)	
  
Most	
  students	
  described	
  the	
  videos	
  as:	
  
-­‐  CLEAR	
  
-­‐  CONCISE	
  
-­‐  EASY	
  TO	
  UNDERSTAND	
  
Results	
  
Pre	
  Video:	
  	
  	
  6/26	
  
Post	
  Video:	
  6.3/26	
  
While	
  their	
  test	
  scores	
  had	
  only	
  improved	
  by	
  0.3/26	
  
confidence	
  in	
  their	
  answers	
  had	
  improved	
  by	
  around	
  10%.	
  
“Derek	
  Muller”	
  by	
  TEDxSydney	
  (Flickr)	
  
“Electrical	
  Engineering	
  (347/365)”	
  by	
  Jack	
  Amick	
  (Flickr)	
  
Students	
  felt	
  more	
  confident	
  in	
  their	
  answers	
  because	
  they	
  had	
  
watched	
  the	
  video	
  but	
  did	
  not	
  understand	
  the	
  material	
  much	
  
beper	
  than	
  they	
  had	
  before	
  the	
  video	
  
“Electrical	
  Engineering	
  (347/365)”	
  by	
  Jack	
  Amick	
  (Flickr)	
  
Many	
  students	
  felt	
  they	
  already	
  understood	
  the	
  concepts	
  prior	
  
to	
  watching	
  the	
  video	
  so	
  they	
  did	
  not	
  pay	
  utmost	
  apenTon.	
  	
  
	
  
The	
  act	
  of	
  watching	
  the	
  video	
  only	
  helped	
  to	
  reinforce	
  the	
  belief	
  
that	
  they	
  understood	
  the	
  material	
  
“Computer	
  Problems”	
  by	
  CollegeDegrees360	
  (Flickr)	
  
Students	
  were	
  again	
  shown	
  a	
  video	
  explaining	
  the	
  basic	
  laws	
  of	
  moTon	
  except	
  
this	
  Tme	
  the	
  misconcepTons	
  were	
  presented	
  and	
  it	
  was	
  explained	
  why	
  these	
  
misconcepTons	
  were	
  wrong.	
  
Almost	
  all	
  students	
  
reported	
  that	
  they	
  
found	
  the	
  video	
  
CONFUSING	
  
“Derek	
  Muller”	
  by	
  Halans	
  (Flickr))	
  
Results	
  
Pre	
  Video:	
  	
  	
  6/26	
  
Post	
  Video:	
  11/26	
  
Students	
  reported	
  
mental	
  effort	
  had	
  
nearly	
  doubled	
  as	
  well	
  
Derek	
  uses	
  this	
  format	
  of	
  discussing	
  common	
  misconcepTons	
  
before	
  delving	
  into	
  a	
  topic	
  in	
  his	
  videos	
  on	
  Veritasium,	
  the	
  5th	
  
most	
  subscribed	
  EducaTon	
  channel	
  on	
  YouTube.	
  
	
  
It	
  is	
  clear	
  from	
  Derek’s	
  research	
  that	
  the	
  way	
  in	
  which	
  
material	
  is	
  presented	
  in	
  educaTonal	
  videos	
  can	
  drasTcally	
  
impact	
  the	
  overall	
  ability	
  of	
  the	
  video	
  to	
  convey	
  informaTon.	
  
“Derek	
  Muller”	
  by	
  Halans	
  (Flickr)	
  
With	
  online	
  educaTon	
  becoming	
  
ever	
  more	
  popular,	
  it	
  is	
  important	
  
that	
  both	
  students	
  and	
  educators	
  
understand	
  its	
  advantages	
  and	
  
limitaXons	
  so	
  it	
  can	
  be	
  used	
  most	
  
effecTvely.	
  
“Cram	
  Time”	
  by	
  Svein	
  Halvor	
  Halvorsen	
  (Flickr)	
  
Bibliography	
  
Allen,	
  I.	
  Elaine.	
  and	
  Seaman,	
  Jeff.	
  Babson	
  Survey	
  Research	
  Group.	
  2013.	
  
“Changing	
  Course:	
  Ten	
  Years	
  of	
  Tracking	
  Online	
  EducaTon	
  in	
  the	
  United	
  
States.”	
  Retrieved	
  at	
  hpp://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/
changingcourse.pdf.	
  
	
  
U.S.	
  Department	
  of	
  Educa+on.	
  2009.	
  “EvaluaTon	
  of	
  Evidence-­‐Based	
  PracTces	
  in	
  
Online	
  Learning:	
  A	
  Meta-­‐Analysis	
  and	
  Review	
  of	
  Online	
  Learning	
  Studies.”	
  
Retrieved	
  at	
  hpp://www.breining.edu/USDeptEdDistanceLearningRpt2009.pdf.	
  
	
  
Muller,	
  Derek.	
  2008.	
  Designing	
  Effec+ve	
  Mul+media	
  for	
  Physics	
  Educa+on.	
  PhD	
  
dissertaTon.	
  School	
  of	
  Physics	
  University	
  of	
  Sydney	
  Australia.	
  Retrieved	
  at	
  
hpp://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/super/theses/PhD(Muller).pdf.	
  
	
  
VidStatsX:	
  StaTsTcs	
  sourced	
  from	
  hpp://vidstatsx.com/youtube-­‐top-­‐100-­‐most-­‐
subscribed-­‐educaTon-­‐channels	
  
	
  
All	
  Pictures	
  sourced	
  from	
  Flickr	
  under	
  creaTve	
  commons	
  licence	
  
	
  

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Online Learning

  • 1. ONLINE  LEARNING   By:  Leigh  Hunter   “Girl  with  Laptop  Outside”  by  CollegeDegrees360  (Flickr)  
  • 2. “Desk”  by  Stephanie  Asher  (Flickr)     “Online  learning  is  not  the  next  big  thing,   it  is  the  now  big  thing”   -­‐  Donna  J.  Abernathy    American  Society  for  Training  and  Development  
  • 3. In  the  wake  of  the  digital  revoluTon,  students  are   turning  to  the  internet  to  expand  their  horizons   “DSC_0092”  by  thawes  (Flickr)  
  • 4. “Final  Exam”  by  dcJohn  (Flickr)   In  2011  6.7  million  U.S.  postsecondary  students   were  enrolled  in  at  least  1  online  course     This  represents  32%  of  total  student  enrollment  in   the  United  States   -­‐Babson  Survey  Research  Group  (2013)  
  • 5. “Laptop”  by  CollegeDegrees360  (Flickr)   "Students  who  took  all  or  part  of  their  class  online  performed  be:er,  on  average,  than   those  taking  the  same  course  through  tradiTonal,  face-­‐to-­‐face  instrucTon.”   -­‐US  Department  of  EducaTon  Report  
  • 6. Many  schools  such  as  Harvard,  Yale,  and  MIT  publish  much  of  their   course  material  online  for  free.       This  can  include:     •  lecture  slides   •  video  lectures   •  tests  and  final  exams.     You  cannot  however  receive  academic  credit  for  these  courses.   “MIT  Dome”  by  Adam  Fagen  (Flickr)  
  • 7. “GraduaTon  6”  by  wrightbrosfan  (Flickr)   But  what  about  other   sources  of  online   educaTon?   YouTube  is  the  most   popular  video  sharing   website  and  many   people  use  it  as  a   pla^orm  to  share   educaTonal  videos  
  • 8. “GraduaTon  6”  by  wrightbrosfan  (Flickr)   Channel   Subscribers   Videos   Views   Khan  Academy   1.77  M   4.2  K   403.5  M   Sci  Show   1.73  M   480   166.3  M   Crash  Course   1.72  M   245   103.6  M   SmarterEveryDay   1.69  M   196   96.2  M   Veritasium   1.47  M   157   79.2  M   YouTube  EducaTon   Channels   Top  5  EducaTon  Channel  staTsTcs   Source:  VidStatsX.com  (May  23,  2014)  
  • 9. Derek  Muller   Creator  and  host  of  the  YouTube  Channel  Veritasium     B.Sc  Engineering  Physics  (Sci  ’04)  –  Queen’s  University   PhD  Physics  EducaTon  Research  –  University  of  Sydney     Thesis:  Designing  Effec+ve  Mul+media  for  Physics  Educa+on   “Derek  Muller”  by  Halans  (Flickr)  
  • 10. For  his  PhD  research  Derek  studied  the   effecTveness  of  teaching  physics  through  short   videos  presented  online.     Incoming  first  year  physics  students  were  asked  to   write  a  26  quesTon  mulTple  choice  online  exam   about  the  basic  laws  of  moTon.     They  then  watched  an  8-­‐10  minute  video   explaining  the  basic  laws  of  moTon  and  rewrote   the  same  online  exam.   “Derek  Muller”  by  Halans  (Flickr)  
  • 11. “No  More  Tests”  by  Tmlewisnm  (Flickr)   They  were  also  asked  to  rate  their  confidence  in  their  answers  and   mental  effort.     In  follow  up  interviews  they  were  asked  how  they  felt  about  the  videos?  
  • 12. “Laptop”  by  CollegeDegrees360  (Flickr)   Most  students  described  the  videos  as:   -­‐  CLEAR   -­‐  CONCISE   -­‐  EASY  TO  UNDERSTAND  
  • 13. Results   Pre  Video:      6/26   Post  Video:  6.3/26   While  their  test  scores  had  only  improved  by  0.3/26   confidence  in  their  answers  had  improved  by  around  10%.   “Derek  Muller”  by  TEDxSydney  (Flickr)  
  • 14. “Electrical  Engineering  (347/365)”  by  Jack  Amick  (Flickr)   Students  felt  more  confident  in  their  answers  because  they  had   watched  the  video  but  did  not  understand  the  material  much   beper  than  they  had  before  the  video  
  • 15. “Electrical  Engineering  (347/365)”  by  Jack  Amick  (Flickr)   Many  students  felt  they  already  understood  the  concepts  prior   to  watching  the  video  so  they  did  not  pay  utmost  apenTon.       The  act  of  watching  the  video  only  helped  to  reinforce  the  belief   that  they  understood  the  material  
  • 16. “Computer  Problems”  by  CollegeDegrees360  (Flickr)   Students  were  again  shown  a  video  explaining  the  basic  laws  of  moTon  except   this  Tme  the  misconcepTons  were  presented  and  it  was  explained  why  these   misconcepTons  were  wrong.   Almost  all  students   reported  that  they   found  the  video   CONFUSING  
  • 17. “Derek  Muller”  by  Halans  (Flickr))   Results   Pre  Video:      6/26   Post  Video:  11/26   Students  reported   mental  effort  had   nearly  doubled  as  well  
  • 18. Derek  uses  this  format  of  discussing  common  misconcepTons   before  delving  into  a  topic  in  his  videos  on  Veritasium,  the  5th   most  subscribed  EducaTon  channel  on  YouTube.     It  is  clear  from  Derek’s  research  that  the  way  in  which   material  is  presented  in  educaTonal  videos  can  drasTcally   impact  the  overall  ability  of  the  video  to  convey  informaTon.   “Derek  Muller”  by  Halans  (Flickr)  
  • 19. With  online  educaTon  becoming   ever  more  popular,  it  is  important   that  both  students  and  educators   understand  its  advantages  and   limitaXons  so  it  can  be  used  most   effecTvely.   “Cram  Time”  by  Svein  Halvor  Halvorsen  (Flickr)  
  • 20. Bibliography   Allen,  I.  Elaine.  and  Seaman,  Jeff.  Babson  Survey  Research  Group.  2013.   “Changing  Course:  Ten  Years  of  Tracking  Online  EducaTon  in  the  United   States.”  Retrieved  at  hpp://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/ changingcourse.pdf.     U.S.  Department  of  Educa+on.  2009.  “EvaluaTon  of  Evidence-­‐Based  PracTces  in   Online  Learning:  A  Meta-­‐Analysis  and  Review  of  Online  Learning  Studies.”   Retrieved  at  hpp://www.breining.edu/USDeptEdDistanceLearningRpt2009.pdf.     Muller,  Derek.  2008.  Designing  Effec+ve  Mul+media  for  Physics  Educa+on.  PhD   dissertaTon.  School  of  Physics  University  of  Sydney  Australia.  Retrieved  at   hpp://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/super/theses/PhD(Muller).pdf.     VidStatsX:  StaTsTcs  sourced  from  hpp://vidstatsx.com/youtube-­‐top-­‐100-­‐most-­‐ subscribed-­‐educaTon-­‐channels     All  Pictures  sourced  from  Flickr  under  creaTve  commons  licence