2. Energy, Force, and Motion
identifying energy transformations;
Identifying and analyzing the transfer of heat energy by
conduction, convection, and radiation
interpreting a phase diagram; describing and calculating velocity and
acceleration;
comparing Newton’s three laws; calculating mechanical advantage;
understanding
the work of simple machines
Waves, Electricity, and Magnetism
investigating light and sound phenomena and comparing light to sound;
Doppler effect; describing the causes of static electricity; constructing and
analyzing
series and parallel circuits; describing the relationship between voltage, current
and
resistance and relating electricity and magnetism and common applications

3. SPEED
Describes how fast an
object
is moving.

4. distance
Average Speed = time

5. Velocity
The speed of an object in a
certain direction.

6. Velocity d
V= t
speed of an object in a
certain direction.
V = velocity (meters/second)
d = distance (meters)
t = time (seconds)

7. Velocity
speed of an object
in a certain
direction.
0
3 seconds 1
2

8. Speed=?
Velocity=?
Total time=
4 seconds 20 meters
12 meters
16 meters

9. 5
Numerator
Denominator 12

10. Acceleration

12. Acceleration is how quickly
velocity changes over time.
X L eh ray shun
0
3 Speed 1
2
Meters/second

13. Acceleration
how quickly velocity changes
over time.
(Vfinal - Vinitial)
A = ___________
time

14. Acceleration the change
in velocity over time.
change in velocity
Acceleration =
time
(v2 – v1 )
________
Acceleration =
Time
V1 = beginning velocity
V2 = ending velocity

15. The graph below relates speed and time
of four cars (1, 2, 3, and 4) traveling
along a straight highway.
Which two cars move with zero
acceleration?
1 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 2
3 and 4

16. Which of the following is certain
to change as a ball accelerates?
mass of the ball
inertia of the ball
velocity of the ball
force acting on the ball

17. What must happen to an object in
order to accelerate it?
A net force must be applied.
Some weight must be removed.
Its frictional coefficient must be
reduced.
It must contain momentum.

18. Which of these describes the
object with the largest
acceleration ?
An object with a small change in
velocity over a small change in time
An object with a small change in
velocity over a large change in time
An object with a large change in
velocity over a small change in time
An object with a large change in
velocity over a large change in time

19. Scalar
a measurement that does
NOT contain direction.
Egg sample: Speed
Vector
a measurement that contains
direction.
Egg sample: Velocity

20. Forces of Nature
Gravitational Magnetic

21. Mass and Inertia
The universe
consists of matter
in motion

22. The greater the mass
the harder it is to move.
And . . .
the harder it is to stop moving.

23. Lower mass objects are
easier to move . . .and to stop
moving.

24. NEWTON’s Laws
1st Law of Motion :
An object remains at a
constant speed
in a straight path ,until a
net force acts on it.

25. NEWTON’s 1st Law of Motion
is the law of
ih ner shah
An object will
remain at a
constant speed
(unless disturbed).

26. the force of a
moving body.
the mass times velocity of an object
p=m•v
Momentum = mass x velocity
(Kgrams) (meters/second)

27. Momentum = mass x velocity
Higher mass higher momentum
Higher velocity higher momentum
p=m•v

28. includes velocity.
So, it has direction.
Momentum points in the
direction of motion.

29. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.

30. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.

31. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.

32. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.

33. NEWTON’s
2nd Law of Motion :
An object that
has a force
acting on it will
change its speed
(accelerate).

34. NEWTON’s
2nd Law of Motion :
f = m•a
force = mass • acceleration
f = net force (newtons)
m = mass (Kilograms)
a = acceleration (meters/second2)

35. NEWTON’s
2 nd Law of Motion : f = m•a
mass of the club
acceleration of the club
force of the club

36. Net force is the total amount
of Force (minus the forces
that cancel each other out).
Force of gravity
Force of muscles
Net force

37. When the net force is Zero.
-> NO movement
When the net force is NOT Zero.
-> movement

38. Static Equilibrium Balanced forces
When all forces are balanced.
The net force is Zero.
There is NO movement.
3 Kg
? 2 Kg

39. 50 N
50 N
50 N
50 N

40. NEWTON’s
3rd Law of Motion:
For every action there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

41. NEWTON’s
3rd Law of Motion:
For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

42. NEWTON’s
3rd Law of Motion:
For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

44. Gravity Inertia Friction
Balanced or unbalanced?
Action
Reaction

45. Gravity
UN balanced BALL
Speed (m/s) Ground
Time (mSec)

46. Inertia PUTTER
UN balanced
Speed (m/s) BALL
Time (mSec)

47. Friction SKATE
UN balanced
Speed (m/s)
Time (Sec)

48. A car is traveling down a hill. Which
of the following will affect the amount
of energy the car has?
how long the car is
the time of day
how much the car weighs
the color of the car

49. Friction
the resistive force that occurs
when two surfaces travel past
each other.
causes physical deformation
generates heat

50. Friction
the resistive
force that
occurs when
two surfaces
contact each
other.

51. Oliver the dog doesn't want to
walk in the rain. He can make his
owner pull harder on the leash to
get him out the door by
sitting on the vinyl floor.
sitting on the tile floor.
sitting on the carpeted floor.
sitting on the wood floor.

52. Pauline needs to measure the sliding friction of a
brick. How should she go about doing this?
attach the brick to a string and then to a spring
scale and read the force needed to quickly lift the
brick off the ground
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale
so that it gradually speeds up
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale
along the surface of a table at a constant speed and
read the force
hang the brick from a string attached to a spring
scale and read the force

53. Sliding friction-the drag
force created when the surface of
one object slides across the
surface of another object.Friction Lab
Sliding
Object
Surface
force (Newstons)

54. terminal velocity gravity will
accelerate an object until air
resistance (friction) does not
allow it to go any faster.

55. In the absence of air
resistance, which of these
objects will fall at the fastest rate
when dropped?
the ball with a mass of 75 kg
the ball with a mass of 25 kg
the ball with a mass of 10 kg

56. Pressure is the amount of force
exerted over a certain area.
Pressure = Force
Area

57. Pressure = Force (newtons)
Area (m2)
1 Pascal = 1 Newton/meter2

59. Distance{
W = f • d
Force
Distance {

60. Gravitational force

61. Gravitational force

62. Gravitational force
o INCREASES with Mass
o DECREASES with Distance

63. All objects in the universe are
attracted to each other by the
force of
effort.
friction.
gravity.
inertia.

64. Four pairs of objects have the masses
shown below. If the objects in each pair
are the same distance apart, the
gravitational force between the objects
in which pair is greatest?
1 kilogram and 1 kilogram
1 kilogram and 2 kilograms
2 kilograms and 1 kilogram
2 kilograms and 2 kilograms

65. As an astronaut travels from Earth to a
space station orbiting Earth, what
happens to her mass and weight?
Her mass decreases, but her weight
remains the same.
Her mass increases as her weight
decreases.
Her mass remains the same, but her
weight decreases.
Her mass decreases and her weight
also decreases.

66. What causes “weightlessness”?
• Even in the space shuttle, there is a force
of attraction exerted by the earth on the
shuttle and its contents.
• When the space shuttle temporarily “falls”
toward the earth, the contents of the space
shuttle appear to be weightless, but in fact
they are falling with the space shuttle. This
is called “freefall”.

67. Which hill would you slide down
the fastest?
hill A
hill B
hill C
It would take the same time to
slide down all of the hills.

68. Projectile
Motion
Velocity (m/s)
forward downward
50 19.6
39.2
29.4
9.8
0
0
3 seconds 1
2

69. Projectile
Motion
Velocity (m/s)
forward downward
46 29.4
47 39.2
48 19.6
49 9.8
50 0
0
3 seconds 1
2

70. When an object is thrown into the air, two forces and
two motions affect the movement of the object.
The object may be thrown horizontally with a certain
force, but the vertical force of gravity combines to affect
the motion.
Slow projectile - shoot a Fast projectile - shoot a
monkey monkey

71. Centripetal force
The inward force
on a spinning object,
that stops it
from going in
a straight line.
Perpendicular

72. Centripetal force

73. Centripetal force
sen tripit ul
The inward
force
on a
Spinning
object.

74. Centripetal force
The
inward force
on a
Spinning
object.

75. If you wuz ‘n a
Merry-go-round
& yuz let go,
Which wayz wud yu go?

76. A rocket moves forward when gases
expelled from the rear of the rocket push it
in the opposite direction. Hot gases are
propelled out of the back of a rocket
engine. The force of the gas in one
direction (action) produces an opposing
force (reaction) that propels the rocket
forward.

77. • 1. Heavy first stage provides thrust for launch.
• 2. First stage separates and falls to earth.
• 3. Second stage ignites and continues with
third stage.
• 4. Second stage separates and falls to earth.
• 5. Third Stage ignites.
• 6. Third stage is discarded.
• 7. Lunar vehicle proceeds to lunar orbit.

78. Satellites are used for
communications, navigation, collecting weather
data, and research, In addition, two-dozen Global
Positioning Satellites give off signals that can be
picked up by small receivers on earth. The
receiver can then tell you where you are on earth’s
surface.
Centripetal Force is acting to pull the satellite
toward the center and thereby keeps it moving in
a circular path.

79. Space Shuttle Research Satellite
400 Km 6,000 Km
GPS
Communication Satellite
20,000 Km
35,800 Km