Natural Gas Composition; Characterization Natural Gas; Dry and Wet Natural Gas; Types of Natural Gas; Types of Natural Gas Liquids; Condensate Natural Gas; Types of Natural Gas Resources; VARIOUS PRODUCTS (or FRACTIONS) OF RAW GAS ; USES OF NATURAL GAS; Evolution of Global NATURAL GAS Reserves by Region; Natural Gas Resources; Global NATURAL GAS Production; NATURAL GAS VALUE CHAIN
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Natural Gas Resources
1. @Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
Prof. Dr. Hassan Z. Harraz
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
Spring 2018
2. Outline of Lectures:
Topic 1: Natural Gas (Overview).
Topic 2: Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Topic 3: Shale Gas
Topic 4:Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Topic 5: Tight Reservoir
Topic 6: Gas Hydrates
Topic 7: Hydraulic Fracturing.
Topic 8 : Separating and Treating Well Fluids
Topic 9 : Natural Gas Processes
Topic 10 : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Topic 11 : Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
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3. Course objectives:
The objectives of this course in Natural Gas Resources
are:
(i) acquainting students (majors and non-majors) with
the basic tools necessary for studying Natural Gas
deposits,
(ii) understanding the different types of Natural Gas,
(iii) understanding the processes of Natural Gas,
(iv) understanding the relationship between the
distribution of Natural Gas, and Plate Tectonics,
and
(vi) gaining some knowledge of the environmental
problems associated with the extraction and
utilization of Natural Gas Resources.
4. Introduction
An Introduction to Natural Gas Deposits is to
geologists.
This course provides a non-technical introduction to
the basic concepts of:
Natural Gas Resources in :
Natural Gas Accumulation Types
Associated and Non-associated Gas
Sweet and Sour Natural Gas
Natural Gas Industry Value Chain
Various Products of Raw Gas
Natural Gas Supply
Global Natural Gas Production
With numerous examples, figures and images.
Also included are some key aspects of the Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview
5. Keywords:
Natural Gas
Unconventional Gas Reservoirs: Shale Gas; Coalbed
Methane (CBM); Tight Reservoir; Gas Hydrates
Hydraulic Fracturing.
Natural Gas Processes; Separating and Treating Well
Fluids
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
6. Follow me on Social Media
http://facebook.com/hzharraz
http://www.slideshare.net/hzharraz
https://www.linkedin.com/in/hassan-harraz-3172b235
8. OUTLINES LECTURE
• This Introduction to Natural Gas overview includes:
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NATURAL GAS
Historical Perspective
What is Natural Gas?
Natural Gas Composition
Characterization NaturalGas
Types of Natural Gas
Types of Natural Gas Liquids
Condensate Natural Gas
Types of NaturalGas Resources
Resources vs. Reserves
VARIOUS PRODUCTS (or FRACTIONS) OF RAW GAS
USES OF NATURAL GAS
UNIT CONVERSION
SUPPLY
Evolution of Global Reserves by Region
NaturalGas Resources
Global Production
NATURAL GAS VALUE CHAIN
9. INTRODUCTION
• ENERGY SCENARIO:
World’s marketing energy expanded from:
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Liquid Fuel, Natural gas and coal account for 78% of total energy.
Consumption of oil is predicted to fall in future.
Source-InternationalEnergyOutlook
10. Transformation in Energy Demand
• Oil consumption is predicted to fall from 33% to 30% in coming 10 years.
• Natural Gas and Non- Renewable sources dominating.
• Natural gas use increase but 1.9% per year
• Shale gas playing measure role.
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Why GAS HYDRATES for Natural Gas?
As of 31 December 2013, 6846 Tcf of gross Natural gas
reserve estimated.
Methane Hydrates is believed to be larger HC resource
than oil, or any natural gas.
Estimated potential is from 500 years to 1500 years, as
per current consumption rate.
Source- British Petroleum Statics
11. First U.S. Natural Gas Well
In 1821, William Hart dug the first natural gas well in Fredonia, NY.
It was just 27 feet deep,
quite shallow compared
to today’s wells.
HISTORY OF NATURAL GAS
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22. Natural Gas: Dry vs. Wet
Do you know the difference between dry and wet natural gas?
23. 1.3) Types of Natural Gas
Dry Gas.
Wet Gas
Condensates
Natural gas liquids (NGLs)
Sweet Gas
Sour gas
Acid gas
Casinghead gas
Residue Gas
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26. Raw Natural gas
Raw natural gas may come from any one of three
types of gas wells:
Crude oil wells:
Dry gas wells:
Condensate wells:
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27. 27
Types of Natural Gas Liquids
Commercial Propane:
Commercial Butane:
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG):
Natural Gasoline:
28. Geology of Natural Gas Resources
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1.5) Types of Natural Gas Resources
29. Natural Gas Accumulation Types
Schematic showing the Geometryof Conventional and Unconventional Natural Gas Resources
Low permeability reservoirs contain GIP only in pervasive gas saturated regimes
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33. 1.7) Resources vs. Reserves
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RESOURCES RESERVES
Resources are estimated volumes of natural gas -
discovered or undiscovered
Natural gas reserves have high
certainty estimates of volumes
that are recoverable, under
existing technological and
economic conditions.
Reserves are accessible through
existing pipelines and markets.
Discovered resources Undiscovered resources
Estimates of discovered
resources are quantities of
gas in known reservoirs,
that may be remote from
existing pipelines and
markets.
Undiscovered resources
are estimates based on
geological data of gas
volumes thought to be
recoverable under current
or anticipated techno-
economic conditions.
38. 4) USES OF NATURAL GAS
What is Natural Gas used for?
39. Natural Gas Uses - Residential
• Residential sector natural gas uses include heating,
cooking, and fueling appliances such as water
heaters and clothes dryers.
Water Heaters & Clothes DryersCookingHeating
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40. Data: Energy Information Administration
Residential
38%
Commercial
10%
Industrial
26%
Transportation
2%
Electric
24%
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector of the Economy,
2011
41. 5) UNIT CONVERSION
• Natural gas can be measured in metric or imperial units:
• by energy content: Gigajoules (GJ) or Million British Thermal
Units (MMBtu)
• or by volume: Cubic Metres (m3) or Cubic Feet (cf)
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43. 6.1) Evolution of Global Reserves by Region
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44. 8.1) Evolution of Global Reserves by Region
The supply of natural gas is secure, accessible and affordable for
the foreseeable future.
Natural gas is a fuel that performs strongly on security of supply
considerations:
There are sufficient global deposit volumes to meet projected demand.
Deposits are geographically diverse.
Access is greater than it has ever been with the advances in LNG shipping
technologies and evolving business models.
“The remaining resources of natural gas are sufficient to
comfortably meet the projections of global demand growth to
2040 and well beyond.” (IEA,2017).
At the end of 2016, proven reserves were about 215 trillion cubic
meters (tcm), equal to around 60 years of production at current
output rates.
Global resources of natural gas are estimated at nearly 800 tcm,
around 45% of which are unconventional gas (tight gas, shale gas,
CBM), deposits of which are geographically more widespread
than conventional resources. (IEA,2017).
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48. 6.2) Natural Gas Resources
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The most
pronounced trend in
the evolution of
world’s proven
resources is the
divergence between
conventional and
unconventional
resources.
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Shale has been visibly growing, while the
conventional base is slowly reducing.
51. 6.3) Global Production
The world’s top six natural gas
producers are (2016):
1) United States (749 bcm)
2) Russia (579 bcm)
3) Iran (202 bcm)
4) Qatar (181 bcm)
5) Canada (152 bcm)
6) China (138 bcm)
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52. Gas Supply By Region
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53. Top 10 global gas developments in 2017
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55. Natural gas 2016 proven reserves and production by region (TCM)
Gas reserves are concentrated in Middle East and CIS, while
production is widely distributed globally
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56. Material new plays of the past decade – all Deepwater
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Global trends influencing exploration
58. LNG industry and Technology (or LNG Value Chain)
1)Exploration and
Production
2)Liquefaction
3)Transportation
3.1)Pipe
3.2) Shipping
3.3) Tanker
4) Regasification
5) Storage
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59. References
Masters JA (1979): “Deep Basin Gas Trap, Western Canada,” AAPG Bulletin
63, No. 2: 152.
Rogner H-H (1996). “An Assessment of World
Hydrocarbon Resources,” IIASA, WP–96–26, May
1996.
IGU World LNG Report – 2015 Edition
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