This document discusses a monitoring system for preventing Desert Locust outbreaks in West Africa. The system is meant to track the monitoring activities of national locust units and help coordinate regional response. It uses a simple web-based interface to allow national units to submit surveillance data and for officials to access updates. However, the long-term sustainability of the system depends on national units consistently providing updates, as interest in locust monitoring often wanes between outbreaks when the problem is not immediate.

1. A monitoring system for preventive control of Desert Locust in West Africa Vincent Bonnal, SaïdLagnaoui, Thomas Dolley, Jean-Philippe TONNEAU, Michel Lecoq, Jean-Michel Vassal

2. The Desert Locust and invasions Solitariy and gregarious phases The choice of the Preventive Control Strategy Scientific basis Organization Improvement measures The monitoring system Place in the preventive control strategy Development and implementation What else ? The vicious circle of locust control

3. “and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts” Exodus 10:13 “and the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle”Revelation 9:7 “all thy trees and fruit of thy land shall the locust consume” Deuteronomy 28:42 Photo Hans Brédo

4. Alternance between invasion and recessionperiod Invasion Recession Solitarious Gregarious

5. Desert Locust Previous plagues: 1987-89 / 2003-2005 1 billion US $; 40 M ha sprayed

6. Migrations Bands July - September Swarms August - October Bands March - May Swarms April - July

7. S-W Asia Western Region Central Region Current organisation Rome FAO (Locust Group) Tehran Algiers Cairo Gregarious areas National locust units

9. Survey and early warning by national control units

10. ecological conditions, presence of locust populations in the potential breeding areas

11. Early reaction

13. Management of help at the regional level

14. Regional commissions / FAO : (RO, RC, ASW)

15. Organisation and coordination of control at the regional level

16. Common surveys, training and formation

17. Desert Locust Control Committee (DLCC) / FAO

18. All affected countries (including « front line » countries) and donors

19. Define the best control strategy

20. FAO : Desert Locust Information Service : Locust Watch

21. E-Locust-2 (Transmission of locusts data from survey teams to FAO) / RAMSES

22. Emergency plans in case of invasion (FAO)

23. Regional and international level, emergency funds, calls to international communityInternational

25. containing the problem at an early stage,

26. getting a permanent mobilization of national surveillance and control systems,

27. performing a coordination at the regional level on a consistent set of countries (western region)

29. National locust units Preventive control on small areas according to locust population level

30. The monitoring system : At the regional level, development of a monitoring tool to check national units’ abilities to implement preventive control of locusts

31. The monitoring system :a classical client / server architecture Web server & data baseCLCPRO - Algiers Data stored and managed at CLCPRO

32. The monitoring system : a simple interface 1- dynamic menu, depending on the level of user rights 2- data added with a button 3- effective search tool 4- data display as a sortable table 5- simple navigation 6- usefull buttons 7- direct access for CLCPRO

33. Weneedalso: a warning system to track the updates Data updated Data are not updated Updates indicatorsbased on the last updates … for each record Exemple for car spares

34. Critical point ? The sustainability of this monitoring system could be demolished by the vicious circle of locust control copied on the invasion cycles but result of the human behavior Data updates Without frequent updates, the system will never be operational. We must evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of the updates during the implementation of the application Oblivion / Interests

35. MOTIVATION PHASE Awakening of the problem Late and expensive control operations Invasion not controlled at an early stage Funds abundant New equipments New researches 2004 2003 1988 1987 Favourable ecological conditions Where we are Recession Obsolete means and nonoperational organizations Problem forgotten or considered solved Few funds Low motivation OBLIVION PHASE The locust phasis theory applied to Man and Institutions

36. Kunckel d’Herculaïs1893 Thanks for your interest