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1.
International Journal JOURNAL
OF ADVANCED RESEARCH Technology (IJARET), INTERNATIONAL of Advanced Research in Engineering and IN ENGINEERING ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET) ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print) ISSN 0976 - 6499 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), pp. 138-144 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijaret.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8376 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJARET ©IAEME MULTI-INPUT QUASI-FLOATING GATE MOSFETS WITH ANALOG INVERTER USED IN CIRCUITS S.K Bisoi, G. Devi ABSTRACT The multiple-input floating gate transistors were used to simplify the design of multiple valued logic. The Quasi-floating gate node have a well defined DC operating point. The multi-input quasi-floating gate is used for low voltage applications because its effective threshold voltage will be controllered to a low value. Keywords: Quasi-floating gate, multi-input quasi-floating gate, analog inverter. 1. INTRODUCTION The floating gate MOS transistor is generated by forming an additional conductive layer between control terminal and channel DS isolated from environment called floating gate [10]. Multiple-input floating gate MOS transistor is a floating gate transistor with multiple control gate. The input control gates are capacitively coupled to the floating gate [8,9]. Floating gate is contacting with the channel through the capacity of oxide layer and with source, drain and bulk. The values of these capacities depend on the area of input gate, floating gate and chennel as well as on thickness of oxide layer [5,6]. The whole MIFGMOS transistor made on semiconductor. The main goals are to release the traditional semi-floating designs from recharge mode and to implement in continuous mode. Quasi floating gate can compute multiple valued signals and obtain higher frequencies [1,2,3,4]. The analog inverter is a key element in multiple valued logic. The transfer characteristic of the analog inverter is determined by capacitor division factor Ki = Ci CTotal and Vout = Vdd − Vin where Vin and Vout are the voltages on the input and output terminal and Vdd is supply voltage. 138
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME II. MULTI INPUT QUASI FLOATING GATE Since Quasi floating gate node have a well defined DC operating point and this technique is used for low voltage applications, so that multi input QFG can compute multiple valued signals and obtain higher frequencies. To operate the function of CMOS transistors at the output of inverter, the gate terminals of inverter must be biased through the DC supply voltage and that will be provided through the coupling capacitors C gb and C gb' and hence, Quasi floating MOS gates are proposed to provide a DC shift to the combined AC signal. The quasi floating MOS gates are operating at +5v or -5v depending on n-type and p-type MOS gates. This supply voltage or some portion of supply voltage may pass through the channel from source to drain or drain to source depending on n-type and p-type MOS gate. The leakage resistors and the parallel capacitors are operate in such a manner that the combined AC signals can pass through the capacitors and DC signals can block through the capacitors in the Quasi floating MOS gates so that the DC shifting on positive side or negative side of the combined AC signal can be done depending on types of MOS gates. The shifting of AC signals are required to only provide the debiasing to the gate terminals of CMOS inverter and that is not directly provided at gate terminal, but through the coupling capacitors which can store the DC voltage due to high impedance and pass the AC signal without shift due to low impedance. The coupling capacitors are DC block capacitors i.e. in DC signals, f=0Hz. 1 1 = = ∞Ω (Open circuit path) ωc 2πfc and in AC signal, f = very high = ∞ Hz Xc = Xc = 1 1 = = 0Ω (Short circuit path) ωc 2πfc that is the coupling capacitors are short circuit paths. At input side terminals the capacitors are provided to pass the high frequency signals only and if any DC signal or low frequency signals accommodate with the original signals that can be nullify and pure form of high frequency signals can easily pass through the capacitors. The combinations of signals are generated at the node point which then passes through the quasi floating MOS gates and then MOS inverter operation obtain. 139
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME C i = C1 ,C 2 ,C3 ,C ds ( with Rleak n − mos ),C gb ( at the inverter ) C 4 ,C5 ,C 6 ,C'ds ( with Rleak p − mos ),C' gb ( at the inverter ) C sd ( at the output ) Vi = V1 ,V2 ,V3 Vqfg1 V4 ,V5 ,V6 Vqfg 2 RL → Load Re sis tan ce at Output III. SIMULATION AND MODEL VQFG = Vin s Rleak CTotal 1 + s Rleak CTotal n where C total = ∑ C i + CGS + CGD + CGB + C'GD i =1 and Vin = C total n ( ∑ C iVi + CGSVS + CGDVD + CGBVB ) i =1 s Rleak CTotal ∑ C iVi + CGSVS + CGDVD + CGBVB 1 + s R C C total i =1 leak Total s R' leak C'Total 1 n ∑ C i ' Vi ' + CGSVS + CGDVD + CGBVB = 1 + s R' C'total i =1 leak C'Total 1 VQFG1 = VQFG 2 1 n n where, C total = ∑ C i ' + CGS + CGD + CGB + C"GD i =1 and Vin = 1 C'total n ( ∑ C i ' Vi ' + CGSVS + CGDVD + CGBVB ) i =1 ( It is in Ohmic mode or triod region that is VGS > Vth and VDS < VQFGS − Vth I DS = µ nCox ω ) (V − Vth )VDS − VDS QFGS L 2 2 1st base band signal 2nd base band signal 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 amplitude in v olt amplitude in v olt 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 -0.4 0.07 Fig.1 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. Fig. 2 140 0.05 0.06 0.07
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME -7 3rd base band signal 0.3 2 0.2 Composed base band signals with capacitors,"Vin1" 1.5 1 am plitude in v olt 0.1 am plitude in v olt x 10 0 -0.1 -0.2 0 -0.5 -1 -0.3 -0.4 0.5 -1.5 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 -2 0.07 0 0.01 0.02 Fig. 3 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 Fig. 4 Net output due to V1,V2,V3,"Vin" Vqfg1 sigal -4.014 0.986 -4.016 0.984 -4.018 am plitude in volts 0.988 am plitude in volts 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.982 0.98 0.978 -4.02 -4.022 -4.024 0.976 -4.026 0.974 -4.028 0.972 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 -4.03 0.07 0 0.01 0.02 Fig. 5 0.03 0.04 time in sec. Fig. 6 4th base band signal 5th base band signal 0.1 0.2 0.08 0.15 0.06 0.1 am plitude in v olt am plitude in v olt 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.04 -0.1 -0.06 -0.15 -0.08 -0.1 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 -0.2 0.07 Fig. 7 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. Fig. 8 141
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME -7 6th base band signal 0.3 0.2 Composed base band signals with capacitors,"Vin3" 3 2 a m plitud e in v o lt 0.1 a m p lit u d e in v o lt x 10 4 0 -0.1 -0.2 0 -1 -2 -0.3 -0.4 1 -3 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 -4 0.07 0 0.01 0.02 Fig. 9 0.03 0.04 time in sec. 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 Fig. 10 Vi2 Vqfg2 sigal 1 6 0.995 5.995 0.99 5.99 0.985 5.985 0.98 5.98 0.975 5.975 0.97 5.97 0.965 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 5.965 0.07 0 0.01 0.02 Fig. 11 -3 8.06 0.04 Fig. 12 Drain to source saturation current,Ids2" Drain to source saturation current,Ids1" x 10 0.03 -0.0108 -0.0108 8.055 -0.0108 8.05 Current in m A Current in m A -0.0108 8.045 8.04 -0.0108 -0.0108 -0.0109 8.035 -0.0109 8.03 8.025 -0.0109 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Voltage in x- axis,Vqfg1 0.06 -0.0109 0.07 Fig. 13 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Voltage in x- axis,Vqfg2 Fig. 14 142
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME Voltage across load,Vout1 Voltage across load,Vout2 0.806 -1.082 -1.0825 0.8055 -1.083 0.805 C urrent in m A Current in m A -1.0835 0.8045 0.804 -1.084 -1.0845 -1.085 0.8035 -1.0855 0.803 0.8025 -1.086 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Voltage in x- axis,Vqfg2 0.06 -1.0865 0.07 Fig. 15 IV. 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Voltage in x- axis,Vqfg2 0.06 0.07 Fig. 16 CONCLUSION In this paper we have presented a new multi-input Quasi floating gate with analog inverter used in circuit. It offers better frequency response with larger band width and large leakage resistance needs less chip area as compared to its multiple input floating gate technique. REFERENCE [1] J. Ramirez – Angulo, C.A. Urquidi, R.G. Carvajal and F.M. Chavero, “Very low-voltage analog signal processing based on quais-floating gate transistor”, IEEE, J. Solid State Circuits, 2004, 39, 434-442. [2] I. Seo and R.M. Fox, “Comparison of quasi/pseudo floating gate techniques and low voltage application” Aanlog Integer circuits signal process, 2006, 47, 183-192. [3] A. Torralba, J. Galan, C. Lujan Martinez, R.G. Carvajal, “Comparision of Programmable linear resistors based on quasi floating gate MOSFETs” Proceedings of IEEE. International symposium on circuits and systems, 2008, Washington, USA, pp. 1712-1716. [4] R. Gupta, S. Sharma, “Voltage controlled resister using quasi-floating gate MOSFET” 2013, 7(10), 16-25. [5] K. Ramesh, S.K. Dash, G. Devi, “Comparison of floating gate and pseudo floating gate techniques” IJAIEM, Vol.2, Issue 11, Nov. 2013. [6] H. Gundersen, Y. Berg, “Max and Min functions using multi-valued recharged semi-floating gate circuits.: IEEE, ISCAS 2004, Vol. II, 857-860. [7] A. Suadat, T. Thongleam, V. Kasemsuwan, “Quasi-floating-gate Inverter-based class-AB Linear Trans conductor for low voltage Applications” 2011, International conference on circuits, sytems and simulation, Singapore, Vol-7 (2011), 112-116. [8] L. Topor – Kaminski, P. Holajn, “Multiple – input floating gate MOS transistor in Analogue electronic circuit.” Bulletin of polish Academy of Science, Vol. 52, No. 3, 2004. [9] S.K. Bisoi, G. Devi, “Multi-input Multi Pseudo Floating Gates used in circuits”, IJEAT, Vol.3, Issue-1, Oct-2013. [10] D. Kahng, S.M. Sze, “A floating-gate and its application to memory devices”, The Bell System Technical Journal, 46(4): 1288-1295, 1967, IEEE standard definitions and characterization of using floating – gate semiconductor arrays, Feb. 1999. 143
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International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 – 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), © IAEME AUTHOR’S INFORMATION Sunil Bisoi is studying for his Ph.D in the field of Neural networks in Utkal University, His research activities and interest include VLSI realization of Neural networks and analogue integrated circuits and systems. Bisoi received the Engineering degree from Utkal University. He is an Associate Professor of ENTC department in Orissa Engineering College, Odisha. Dr IGayatri Devi heads the PG department of computer science and engineering at Ajay Binay Institute of Technology of Odisha. Her current field of interest in MOS integrated circuits and systems and application of Neural Networks. Devi received PG degree in Math from Utkal University and engineering degree (B.Tech in ETC and M.Tech in CSC) from Raisthan Deemed University and Ph.d & D.Sc degree from Utkal University of Odisha. She is a member of IEEE, Odisha Information technology of society and Odisha Mathematical Society. 144
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