Exploration of motivations for not using telecenters in Mozambique. Presentation partly in Portuguese, partly in English - as it's been held at the final workshop of the RE-ACT (social REpresentations of community multimedia centres and ACTions for improvement) Research Project. The research is a joint project between the NewMinE Lab – New Media in Education Laboratory of the Università della Svizzera italiana (Lugano, Switzerland) and the Department of Mathematics and Informatics and the Centre for African Studies of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (Maputo, Mozambique).

1. Reasons of non-use:
a study on Mozambican
telecentres
Sara Vannini, Isabella Rega, Simone Sala,
David Salomao, Lorenzo Cantoni
NewMinE Lab – Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

2. Community Media Centers
telecentres
community radios

3. Community Media Centers
telecentres
community radios

4. Quem?
1
2
 Se o inquirido respondeu NÃO à todas as opções, pare o questionário!

5. Quem?
3
 Se o inquirido respondeu SIM pelo menos à uma das opções, pare o questionário!

6. Telecenters vs Telemovel?
Eishhh! Nao
pode se fazer
tudo com o
telemovel!

7. What are the
reasons behind
the lack of use of CMCs’ telecentres,
according to local stakeholders in
Mozambique?
How much do these reasons
weight in
the non-use of CMCs’ telecentres of people
who actively use its community radio?

8. 1. interviews

10. “Como tem computadores na escola
os alunos preferem ir na escola
porque na rádio tem que pagar”
competitors - cost

11. “…tem internet, para alem da TDM
tem outros sítios também ai onde tem
internet funciona como deve ser, e as
pessoas preferem ir a TDM porque
tem qualidade…”
competitors – better service

12. “The place is not well organized
because when I went there in 2008 I
didn’t see any computer [...] Even the
guys that work there, they are not
organized.”
service – quality

13. “…O meu objectivo era de fazer
algumas pesquisas na internet mais
quando lá cheguei disseram me que
o sistema estava avariado então
pronto eu fiquei assim já nada mais
podia fazer…”
service – not available

14. “…talves eles precisam mais de
informacao para lhes dizer que afina de
conta isto tem haver … também o
camponês pode fazer parte da rádio
aproveitando assim o departamento dos
livros para ir ler livros diferentes para eles
lerem e ter informados
service – not promoted

15. “…A distancia é maior… vem
aprender computador deve vir todos
os dias, ir voltar, ir voltar, então é
muito dinheiro por causa da
distancia...”
resource constraints - distance

16. “Por causa do tempo. Fico ocupado
das 7h30 até as 15h30 e nesse
tempo já não da para ir para lá”
resource constraints - time

17. “Eu gostaria de ir… lá só que não
tenho possibilidade..”
resource constraints - costs

18. “Ali não apanho nada mesmo.”
relevance - not profitable

19. “…Eu não vou… porque os pacotes
que lá são ministrados eu já tenho os
pacotes como usuário…”
relevance - not challenging

20. “… Outros não vêm porque pensam
que custa, mas uma pessoa com
vontade não custa nada.”
relevance – too difficult

21. “…O computador, eu não sei de nada
porque eu já sou uma velha, sou
estou acompanhar que há
computador, vejo miúdos estudantes
a mexer o computado…”
relevance – not for them

22. 2. survey

23. Quem?
Age Group
Frequency
Percent
32
9.8%
20-29
109
33.2%
30-39
88
26.8%
40-49
55
16.8%
Over 50
No answer
17
27
5.2%
8.2%
328
100.0%
Under 20
Total

24. Quem?
Education Level
Frequency
Percent
No education
27
8.2%
1-5 class
55
16.8%
6-10 class
102
31.1%
11-12 class
104
31.7%
University
27
8.2%
No answer
5
1.5%
Other
4
1.2%
Does not know
4
1.2%
328
100.00%
Total

25. non-users + radio users:
motivations of non-use
No Time
No knowledge of services
Not able to use PC
Hours
Place of CMC
Prices
User of other competitor
Not literate
Access to Internet
Use services at work
Use services at home
Not Portuguese speaker
Mobile Internet user
Other
No fun
No need of PC
Access to PC not granted
Not the services needed
No need of such services
18.3%
14.1%
11.0%
10.1%
9.6%
7.1%
7.0%
4.3%
4.0%
4.0%
2.2%
2.2%
1.7%
1.2%
1.0%
1.0%
0.8%
0.3%
0.2%

26. non-users + radio users:
motivations of non-use
No Time
No knowledge of services
Not able to use PC
Hours
Place of CMC
Prices
User of other competitor
Not literate
Access to Internet
Use services at work
Use services at home
Not Portuguese speaker
Mobile Internet user
Other
No fun
No need of PC
Access to PC not granted
Not the services needed
No need of such services
18.3%
14.1%
11.0%
10.1%
9.6%
7.1%
7.0%
4.3%
4.0%
4.0%
2.2%
2.2%
1.7%
1.2%
1.0%
1.0%
0.8%
0.3%
0.2%

27. non-users + radio users:
motivations of non-use
Resource Constraint
45.8%
Relevance
27.9%
Service
19.3%
No knowledge of services
Competitors
14.1%
7.0%

28. non-users + radio users:
motivations of non-use
Resource Constraint
45.8%
Relevance
27.9%
Service
19.3%
No knowledge of services
Competitors
14.1%
7.0%

29. non-users + radio
users: access
52.1% use(d) a computer
43.3% access(ed) the
Internet

30. they access(ed) the
Internet…
21.0% through a computer
29.0% through a mobile
phone

31. they access(ed) the
Internet…
21.0% through a computer
29.0% through a mobile
phone
50.0% using both

32. they use(d) computers…
28.1%
21.5%
17.6%
17.6%
15.2%
Work
Friends/Relatives
Home
Public Place
School

33. they access(ed) the
Internet…
28.8%
27.7%
23.4%
13.6%
6.5%
Work
Public Place
Home
Friends/Relatives
School

34. proxy / infomediaries
34.1% asked to go on their
behalf

35. proxy / infomediaries
30.8% photocopies
19.7% type documents
17.9% educational issues

36. 3. conclusions

37. Conclusions
non-users are not only the most disadvantaged
…more advanced services?
[confirming: Gómez 2011; Parkinson & Lauzon 2008; Pal
2007;
Sey et. al. 2013]

38. Conclusions
non-users are not only the most disadvantaged
…more advanced services?
communication & promotion are underestimated
…strategies?
[confirming: Chigona & Licker 2008; Sey et. al. 2013]

39. Conclusions
non-users are not only the most disadvantaged
…more advanced services?
communication & promotion are underestimated
…strategies?
role of infomediaries …confirmed!
[Gómez 2011; Sey et. al. 2013]

40. Conclusions
Worth investing in telecenters!
•
•
•
•
Presence of competitors is a sign of
their relevance
Marketing is a key issue to be
depeened
Time & Space limiting factors for
non-use: service should be expanded,
not cut
Financial barriers for access are often
overcome by using other services

41. Muitissimo
obrigado!
simone.sala@usi.ch
www.newmine.org
NewMinE Lab – Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland