Tutorial On The SCADA System

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”‫لى‬ ‫اشرح‬ ‫رب‬
‫لى‬ ‫ويسر‬ ‫صدرى‬
‫عقدة‬ ‫واحلل‬ ‫امرى‬
‫لسانى‬ ‫من‬
‫قولى‬ ‫يفقهوا‬“

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Tutorial On The SCADA SystemTutorial On The SCADA System
Prepared by :
Eng: Yahia Bahaa El din HassanEng: Yahia Bahaa El din Hassan
yhassan@tvtc.gov.sa
Tel:- 00966-53-2090778
http://www.icgst.com/conferences/conference.aspx?confid=56

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SCADASCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

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Road MapRoad Map
What is a control system?
What is SCADA?
Where and why SCADA is used?
How SCADA systems work?
Modern features
Actual application for SCADA system in
EGYPT

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First of all, Lets see what is a Control
System?
A Control system is a system that holds
responsible in top of another system (
being controlled system ) for setting and
stabling the system in a predefined state.
Nowadays control systems are mostly
microprocessor based. ( Microcontrollers,
PLCs, PC-Based control systems )

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What is SCADA?
SCADA is not a specific technology, but a type of
application. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition. Any application that gets data
about a system in order to control that system is a
SCADA application.
SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It is
a system as a combination of special hardware,
software.

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Where is SCADA Used?
Electric power generation, transmission and
distribution
Natural gas distribution
Fuel oil storage and flow
Water storage and flow
Manufacturing
Buildings, facilities and environments
Traffic signals

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Why SCADA is used?
 Access quantitative measurements of important
processes, both immediately and over time
 Detect and correct problems as soon as they begin
 Measure trends over time
 The ability to send necessary information to
engineers and operators in real-time using instant
messaging
 Control larger and more complex processes with a
smaller, less specialized staff

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How SCADA systems work?
A SCADA system performs four functions:
1) Data acquisition
2) Networked data communication
3) Data presentation
4) Control
These functions are performed by four kinds of
SCADA components:

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1. Sensors
Sensors (either digital or analog)
and control relays that directly
interface with the managed system.
Sensors used in SCADA systems
can be digital or analog.

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SCADA Sensors Examples:
1.) Temperature Sensors
2.) Humidity Sensors

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3.) Motion Sensors
4.) Liquid Level Sensors

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5.) Water Flow Sensors
6.) Smoke Sensors

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7.) Door Sensors
8.) Power Failure Sensors

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9.) Current Sensors
10.) Propane Tank Sensors

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2. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
These are small computerized units
deployed in the field at specific sites and
locations.
RTUs serve as local collection points for
gathering reports from sensors and
delivering commands to control relays.
RTUs components and modules are
as follows:

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RTU ComponentsRTU Components
 Power supplyPower supply
 Back-up batteryBack-up battery
 Radio moduleRadio module
 4 – 15 I/O modules4 – 15 I/O modules

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RTU ModulesRTU Modules
 Digital Modules – two I/O statesDigital Modules – two I/O states
 Digital Monitor Module (DMM)Digital Monitor Module (DMM)
 Digital Control Module (DCM)Digital Control Module (DCM)

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RTU ModulesRTU Modules
 Support Modules – no I/O functionsSupport Modules – no I/O functions
 Power Supply Module (PSM)Power Supply Module (PSM)
 Radio Interface Module (RIM)Radio Interface Module (RIM)
 Computer Interface Module (CIM)Computer Interface Module (CIM)

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RTU ModulesRTU Modules
 Analog Modules – numerical control/monitorAnalog Modules – numerical control/monitor
 Analog Monitor Module (AMM)Analog Monitor Module (AMM)
 Analog Control Module (ACM)Analog Control Module (ACM)

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RTU ModulesRTU Modules
 ControllersControllers
Logical modules perform complete closed loop, automaticLogical modules perform complete closed loop, automatic
control functions likecontrol functions like Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

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3. Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
(Master Station)
This is a larger computer that serves as the
central processor for the SCADA system.
MTU provides a human interface to the
system and automatically regulate the
managed system in response to sensor
inputs.

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MTU ComponentsMTU Components
 OperatorOperator
 Personal ComputerPersonal Computer
 Human Machine Interface (HMI)Human Machine Interface (HMI)
 Historical Data loggingHistorical Data logging
 MonitoringMonitoring
 Limited ControlLimited Control

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4. The communications network
The communications network
connects Master Terminal Unit
(MTU) to the RTUs in the field.
The communication systems,
components and protocols are as
follows:

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
 PSTN NetworkPSTN Network
 Leased LinesLeased Lines
Optical fiberOptical fiber
 InternetInternet
 WirelessWireless
 LANLAN
 Global System for Mobiles (GSM)Global System for Mobiles (GSM)
 Radio modemsRadio modems

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
 Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Modicon Bus (MODBUS)Modicon Bus (MODBUS)
 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP 3.0)Distributed Network Protocol (DNP 3.0)

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New Trends in SCADA
- Web-Based SCADA systems
- Connecting SCADA system to Internet
- Gives more functionality to our system
- Security issues should be covered
- Using Instant Messaging to report systems status (implemented)
- Giving more functionality
- Using a reliable instant messaging service
- Using Short Message Service to report critical situations
(implemented)
- A kind of instant messaging, Mobile Telecommunication
network
- Using SMS server, connecting a cell to PC, setting up a web
server and using WAP.

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Instant Messaging for SCADA
Facilitate the remote monitor and control by utilizing the secure
IM. Instant Messaging ( IM ) is a type of communications
service over the Internet that enables individuals to exchange
text messages and track availability of a list of users in real-
time.
By taking advantage of the near real time feature of IM and
richness of the IM presence, we bring forward a secure IM
based remote monitor and control system.
LDAP-based device and system management
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP ) specifically
targeted at management applications and browser applications
that provide read/write interactive access to directories.

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SCADA on mobile phone
The system allows you to use your mobile phone
to monitor and control your process from any
location. More versatile than a pager system.
You can get detailed alarm messages about any
event that occurs in your business.
Java application in mobile phone transfers data
to/from WWW server.

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Actual application for
SCADA system in
EGYPT

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The Ministry of Electricity and Energy in
EGYPT includes:-
1) Five companies to generate electricity
2) One Company to transmit electricity.
3) Nine companies for the distribution of
electricity that include all governorates
of Egypt

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Middle Egypt Electricity
Distribution Company
(MEEDCO)
One of the nine companies for the
distribution of electricity is MEEDCO
that include 5 governorates:-
( Al Fayoum- Bny Swaif- Al Minia-
Assiut- Al Wadi el geded)

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MEEDCO SCADA Project
- The project includes two governorates
( Minia- Assuit )
- The Investment cost of the project is 40
million egyptian pounds
- The ratio of the local component of the
project is 30%
- The project has served nearly 1.5 million
subscribers

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MEEDCO SCADA Project
The project consists of 3 centers:-
1) Monitor and control center ( Assuit )
2) Monitor and control center ( Minia )
3) Supervisory control center ( Minia )

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Minia control center

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Minia control center

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Some Screens of the project

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Last words on SCADA
With new trends and technologies of computer and
electrical engineering, there are lots of functionalities
available, that we can add to our SCADA system.
You saw that SCADA covers different fields of
computer engineering like computer networking,
control, programming embedded systems, operating
systems, real-time systems.
SCADA is a very fast growing technology which is
widely used in plants and factories and makes good
job opportunities for you in the industry and in
computer engineering field.

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ENDEND
THANK YOU