1. Middle Colonies & the Lower South

3. Colonies of the Lower South: South Carolina & Georgia

4. Early history of these colonies

7. Fort Nassau was founded in 1614 near Albany

9. Fur trade was key to the regional economy

10. Encouraged migration to the colony with “patroonships” – large tracts of land awarded to individuals bringing 50 or more settlers

12. Tension grew between the English & the Dutch in the area

13. England sent a force of ships to conquer the Dutch settlement

14. Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English in 1664

16. Dutch, English, German, French, Scandinavian, & African

17. Protestants, Catholics, Jews, & Muslims

18. Place names & customs:

19. Brooklyn, Harlem

21. Became a Quaker as a student at Oxford

23. Established cordial relations with the Native Americans

25. Founded by George Fox in 1647

27. Wanted complete religious freedom for all, equality of the sexes, & full participation of women in religious affairs

29. Given the title of Lord Proprietors

31. Many of its early settlers came from colonies in the Caribbean, particularly Barbados

32. Persecution in the early 1600s had led many to leave England

34. Required large labor force

35. Originally relied on indentured servants

38. Indentured Servants

39. African Slaves

40. Slaves for life

41. Had knowledge of rice cultivation

42. Immune to malaria & yellow fever

44. Involved about 10 million Africans

45. About 400,000 were sent to the colonies

48. Shipping companies competed to design ships that would fit the most slaves

49. Crowded, unsanitary conditions

52. Worked long hours & could be punished for no reason

53. Lived in 1-room shacks with dirt floors

55. Music reflected African origins

60. Took weapons & gunpowder

62. Eventually totaled 60-100 slaves

63. Traveled south, toward Spanish Florida

65. 20 whites & 44 slaves were killed

66. Heads of the rebels were mounted on stakes along major roadways to serve as a warning

68. Slave patrols were expanded

71. One trustee, James Oglethorpe, was key to the colony’s early history

72. Hoped the colony could serve as a haven for debtors who could leave jail if they agreed to relocate in Georgia

73. Prohibited slavery & alcohol

75. Settlers came from Germany, Switzerland, Scotland, & England

77. By 1750, slavery had been legalized & size limits for landholdings were lifted

78. Life began to resemble that in South Carolina with the rise of an elite planters who relied on slave labor