2. • Shires – kingdoms divided into different
districts
• Common Law – collection of laws/rulings
passed by King’sBench (court) – creates a
precedence – started during Henry II
• William the Conqueror – Defeats
Anglo-Saxon Army @ Battle
of Hastings in 1066 – Becomes
King of England
3. • Henry II – had people pay to get out of Feudal
obligations – uses $ to pay for army. Common
Law. Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine = ½ France
• Eleanor of Aquitaine –
Brought French land to
Henry II marriage –
Create court life and helps
build a strong nation (King John + Richard the Lion Hearted)
• King John – taxes nobles to pay for
war with France. Forced to sign
Magna Carta. Put under
interdict by Pope.
4. • Magna Carta – No Taxation w/out Consent.
No sell, refuse, delay justice – King John
• Innocent III – put King John/England under
interdiction – becomes “Pope’s Vassal”
• Pope Urban II – made speech saying all who fought
and died in Crusades would go to heaven – starts
Crusades
• Crusades – Christians journey from
Europe to reconquer Holy Lands
from Muslims
• Children’s Crusade – unsuccessful attempt
at children going on Crusade – many die or
sold into slavery
5. • Saladin – Leader of Mulsim Army
and Holy Lands
• “Holy Land” – Jerusalem and
surrounding lands
• Self-Sufficiency – manor/people
making whatever they need
• Barter economy – trading goods and services
for goods and services
• Commercial Revolution – increase in trade and
business
• Credit – giving a promise of paying later
• Usury- charging interest on loans (church does
not allow)
6. • Guilds- had to pay a fee to be in the
craftsman guild. Then could trade and receive
protection, get help from families
• Apprentice-someone who lives w/
and learns from a master craftsman.
Must create a masterpiece to become
an artisan
• Bubonic Plague – Black Death – kills 25+ million
people. Comes to Europe from Asia. Rats carrying
fleas. 1300s
7. • Dante Alighieri – write Divine Comedy
talks about the after life
• Geoffrey Chaucer – writes Canterbury Tales –
makes fun of society
• Scholastics – bringing together
ideas of faith + reason
• Thomas Aquinas – monk summarized
Medieval Christian thought in Summa
Theologica
8. • Gothic Architecture- named after
Barbarian Goths. Pointed arches,
tall spires, flying buttresses – reaching
toward heaven (Cathedrals)
• Hundred Years’ War – War between Fr. + Br. Over
Eleanor of Aquitaine Land.
France wants Eng. out! France wins!
• Joan of Arc – Peasant girl. Rallies Fr.
Troops to win 100yr. War. Saw vision
from god. Burned at stake for being a
heretic. Made a saint 500yr. later
• War of the Roses – York vs. Lancaster fighting
for the Br. throne. Lancasters win, but Henry
Tudor marries a York and combines both
red/white roses.
9. • Henry Tudor-marries a York. Combines York and
Lancaster rose. Sets up strong monarchy to avoid
further war. Henry VII
• Moors – Muslims living in Spain. Create Cordoba.
Kicked out during Reconquista.
• Ferdinand and Isabella –
marry creating one large
Sp. Empire – Daughter is
Catherine of Aragon/Henry VIII’s
wife – Inquisition
• Spanish Reconquista – recapturing Spain from
Muslims and Jews (leave,convert,die)
• Spanish Inquisition – searching out of
heretics, people put on trial, witch hunts, burnings
10. • Hugh Capet – weak king chosen by nobles
to control, used to increase territory and
power of France
• Charles V – HRE. Strengthens
monarchy and gains land for Spain.
Son was Philip II who marries
Mary I (Henry VIII/Catherine’s daughter)
• Mongols- conquer Asia, Russia, China. Control
Russian princes by collecting tribute. Destroy
countryside and Kiev
11. • Ivan III – Great – 1st ruler to rule
Russia free from Mongol rule
• Ivan IV – Terrible – kills those
in opposition to him
• Ottoman Turks- capture the
Byzantine Empire and
rename Constantinople,
Istanbul 1453. Muslim.
