Ff25965968

K.Venkata Ramana, U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.965-968
Wireless Power Meter Using Data Acquisition
K.Venkata Ramana #1 U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula*2
#
M.Tech, Embedded Systems, Nova College of engineering and technology.
*
M.Tech, Embedded Systems, Nova College of engineering and technology.

Abstract:
Our aim of the project is to provide a technology or GSM technology. Among these two
wireless meter reading device for implementing communications, the one used in our project is wired
the data acquisition or for observing the power communication which suits best for long distance
theft occurring in the present power distribution communication.
system. The project also can be used as the
monitoring section of the power parameters in II SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
case of fault occurrences in parameters like The block diagram consists of Load, current
voltage, current and frequency. The transmitter transformer, voltage transformer, 89C52
section contains a VT and CT for measuring load microcontroller, ADC 0809, and a differential relay.
voltage, current and frequency. The parameters The household load to be supplied is connected in
are converted into digital data using ADC 0809 series to the AC supply mains through a switch which
and then forwarded to the micro controller. The is operated by the action of a relay. Current
micro controller transmits the data using 433MHz transformer is used to measure the current required
zigbee transmitter and the data is received using for the user and the voltage transformer is used to
433MHz receiver and then provided to amplifier measure the voltage of operation for the user. The
for current amplification and the provided to measured values are given to the ADC to convert the
micro controller for displaying and comparison of analog values to the digital values. These values are
values for permissible limits. stored in microcontroller registers and the
information is transmitted to the pc when ever there is
Keywords: Data Acquisition, 433mhz, Zigbee a request for the data from the remote controlling
Transmitter, micro controller, MAX23C station. Oscillator is provided for the ADC and
microcontroller for the clock signal and the reference
I INTRODUCTION voltage is given for the each of the IC used.
With the electric industry undergoing
change, increased attention is being focused on power
supply reliability and power quality. Power providers
and users alike are concerned about reliable power,
whether the focus is on interruptions and disturbances
or extended outages. One of the most critical elements
in ensuring reliability is monitoring power system
performance. Monitoring can provide information
about power flow and demand and help identify the
cause of power system disturbances. It can even help
identify problem conditions on a power system before
they cause interruptions or disturbances.
The implementation of this project is to
monitor the power consumed by a model organization
such a household consumers from a centrally located
point. Monitoring the power means calculating the
power consumed exactly by the user at a given time.
The power consumed by the user is measured and
communicated to the controlling substation whenever
needed by the person at the substation. The
communication can be of two types
1. Wired communication like using the existing
transmission lines and sending the data by modulating
with high frequency carrier signal or using the existing
telephone lines.
2. Wireless communication based on the available
Fig 1:Transmitter block diagram
technologies like IR communication, Bluetooth

965 | P a g e

This supplier side is the basic for the operation of the Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash
project; the entire consumer side is controlled in program memory to be reconfigured even while the
accordance with the program written on this supplier application is running.
side. The supplier side (substation) is located
remotely at some distance away from the user and the
signal is sent to the consumer side for data or to
control the supply of power to the user. The request
for information and the power data is received from
the user side via RS232. Microcontroller is interfaced
to the personal computer serial port through
MAX23C to drive between RS232 and TTL levels.

Fig 3 AT89C52 MICRO CONTROLLER

B. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Power-On reset code execution
Following reset, the AT89C52 will either
enter the Soft ICE mode (if previously enabled via
ISP command) or attempt to auto baud to the ISP
boot loader. If this auto baud is not successful within
about 400 ms, the device will begin execution of the
Fig 2 :Receiver block diagram user code.

A. Micro Controller (AT89C52) C. IN-SYSTEM PROGRAMMING (ISP)
The AT89C52 is 80C51 microcontrollers In-System Programming is performed
with 128kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.A key without removing the microcontroller from the
feature of the AT89C52 is its X2 mode option. The system. The In-System Programming facility consists
design engineer can choose to run the application of a series of internal hardware resources coupled
with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per with internal firmware to facilitate remote
machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per programming of the AT89C52 through the serial port.
machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the This firmware is provided by Atmel and embedded
same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from within each AT89C52 device. The Atmel In-System
this feature is to keep the same performance by Programming facility has made in-circuit
reducing the clock frequency by half, thus programming in an embedded application possible
dramatically reducing the EMI. with a minimum of additional expense in components
The Flash program memory supports both and circuit board area. The ISP function uses five
parallel programming and in serial In-System pins (VDD, VSS, TxD, RxD, and RST). Only a small
Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode connector needs to be available to interface your
offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing application to an external circuit in order to use this
programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a feature.
device to be reprogrammed in the end product under Input/output (I/O) ports 32 of the pins are
software control. The capability to field/update the arranged as four 8-bit I/O ports P0–P3. Twenty-four
application firmware makes a wide range of of these pins are dual purpose with each capable of
applications possible. The AT89C52 is also In- operating as a control line or part of the data/address

966 | P a g e

bus in addition to the I/O functions. Details are as T1
VCC

1 5 1 2 1 3
follows: 6 1N4001
VIN VOUT

GND
Port 0: This is a dual-purpose port AC230V
4 8 1 2
+ C1 + C2

2200uF/25V
7805 470uF/16V
occupying pins 32 to 39 of the device. The port is an TRANSFORMER 1N4001

2
open-drain bidirectional I/O port with Schmitt trigger
inputs. Pins that have 1s written to them float and can 103 SIP

be used as high-impedance inputs. The port may be
used with external memory to provide a multiplexed VCC+5v
1
VCC

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
address and data bus. In this application internal pull-
8.2K
ups are used when emitting 1s. The port also outputs 1 2 1
2 P1.0 VCC
40
P1.1
the code bytes during EPROM programming. illegal connection switch 3
4 P1.2
P1.3
P0.1/AD1
P0.0/AD0
39
38
14A
13A
VCC 5 37 12A 8.2K
External pull-ups are necessary during program 6
7
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
36
35
11A
10A

verification. 10/16
+ 8
P1.7 P0.5/AD5
34
33
9A
8A
LCD
9 P0.6/AD6 32 7A
ANTENNA
RST P0.7/AD7
Port 1: This is a dedicated I/O port 433MHz Rxd
10
11 P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
31
EA/VPP 30
6A
5A
VCC 12 4A

1
data
occupying pins 1 to 8 of the device. The pins are

Gnd
P3.2/INT0 ALE/PROG 29

Vcc

Ant
8.2K 13 3A
14 P3.3/INT1 PSEN 2A
15 P3.4/T0 28 1A
connected via internal pull-ups and Schmitt trigger 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27

1
2
3
4
17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25
input. Pins that have 1s written to them are pulled 1
2 EN 3 P2.4/A12 24
P2.3/A11 23
high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as

XTAL1

XTAL2
4 P2.2/A10 22
5 6 20 P2.1/A9 21 VCC
GND P2.0/A8 12 V
inputs; as inputs, pins that are externally pulled low 10

18

19
9 8 AT89C51/FP

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
will source current via the internal pull-ups. The port 13
1
103 SIP +
12 11 Buz
also receives the low-order address byte during 74hc125 33pf 33pf
-

program memory verification. Pins P1.0 and P1.1 11.0592

Q?
could also function as external inputs for the third D?
4007
BC547

timer/counter i.e.:
(P1.0) T2 Timer/counter 2 external count Fig 4 Transmitter Schematic diagram
VCC
input/clockout 1
T1
5 1 2 1 3
VIN VOUT
(P1.1) T2EX Timer/counter 2 6 1N4001

GN D
AC230V + C1 + C2
reload/capture/direction control 4007
4 8 1 2
2200uF/25V
7805 470uF/16V
TRANSFORMER 1N4001

2
Port 2: This is a dual-purpose port 1 5 103 SIP
4007 103 VCC
occupying pins 21 to 28 of the device. The 6
10/60
+

specification is similar to that of port 1. The port may 4 8
4007
VCC+5v
1
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
be used to provide the high-order byte of the address 14A

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

LCD
13A
4007 U? 104pf U? 12A
11
12

bus for external program memory or external data
9

11A
26 17 1 40 10A
R EF +
OE
VC C

IN0 D0 P1.0 VCC
memory that uses 16-bit addresses. When accessing 4007 27
IN1 D1
14 2
P1.1
9A

2
1 5 28 15 3 39 8A LCD
103 1 IN2 D2 8 4 P1.2 P0.1/AD1 38 7A
IN3 D3 P1.3 P0.0/AD0
external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses, the 6 + 2 18 5 37 6A

X
10/60 3 IN4 D4 19 6 P1.4 P0.2/AD2 36 5A
4 8 4 IN5 D5 20 7 P1.5 P0.3/AD3 35 4A
port emits the contents of the P2 register. Some port 2 5 IN6 D6 21 8 P1.6 P0.4/AD4 34 3A

16
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER IN7 D7 P1.7 P0.5/AD5 33 2A
7 9 P0.6/AD6 32 1A
pins receive the high-order address bits during EOC 10
11
RST
P3.0/RXD 31
P0.7/AD7

10 22 12 P3.1/TXD EA/VPP 30
EPROM programming. CLK ALE
START
6
25
13
14
P3.2/INT0 ALE/PROG 29
P3.3/INT1 PSEN
A0 P3.4/T0
Port 3: This is a dual-purpose port VCC
A1
A2
24
23
15
16 P3.5/T1
28
P2.7/A15 27
P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26
17
occupying pins 10 to 17 of the device. The 16
13 REF-
GND
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25
P2.4/A12 24
P2.3/A11 23
R?
specification is similar to that of port 1. These pins, in
XT AL1

XT AL2

10K P2.2/A10 22
U? 20 P2.1/A9 21
ADC0809 GND P2.0/A8
addition to the I/O role, serve the special features of VCC
8

4

R? 7
18

19

AT89C52/FP
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

the 80C51 family B. 4.7K
6
LM555 3 C? +
1RN?
103 SIP
10/16
2 C? C?
C? 33pf Y? 33pf
104p 5 11.0592
III SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 1 R?
8.2K

C?
104p 433MHz Txd ANTENNA
VCC 4
D at a
Gnd

Ant
Vc c

1
1
2
3

Fig 5 Receiver Schematic diagram

The above figure shows the circuit diagram for the
consumer side. A relay operated switch is connected
in series with the load. The switch is used to switch
on and off the power. By the relay is initially in on
state and whenever the voltage across its terminals
changes the relay senses the voltage and trips which
in turns closes the switch. The relay is connected to
the port of the microcontroller through a transistor

967 | P a g e

and zener diode to drive the relay. The current IV KIT DIAGRAM
transformer primary is connected to the load in series
to the mains and the secondary is connected across
the variable resistance to change the measured value
to the close actual value. The potential transformer
primary is connected in parallel to the load to
measure the applied voltage and the secondary is
connected to the variable resistance to adjust the
measured value to the close accurate value. The
outputs of this are given to the ADC analog input
pins. A 555 timer is connected in astable
multivibrator mode and is given as clock signal to the
ADC. The digital outputs are given as inputs to the
microcontroller port.
The control pins of the ADC are given from
the microcontroller port to select the input to be
received. The voltage and current measured are
received in accordance to the inputs given to the
status pins A, B, C by the controller. The ADC starts
the conversion at the end of the pulse Start and sends
data at the end of the pulse EOC these are also
connected to the port of the microcontroller. The
microcontroller is provided with a quartz crystal to
provide the clock signal, the clock frequency is
changed by the capacitors connected to the crystal the
operating frequency in this circuit is 11.0592MHz.
A series combination of the resistor and
capacitor is taken and the capacitor voltage is given
as the reset logic to the 9th pin of the microcontroller.
The 10th pin of the microcontroller is the RXD pin is
connected to the receiver data pin of RS232. The data
from the RXD is stored internally for further V CONCLUSION
processing. The 11th pin of the microcontroller is the The ability to remotely monitor
TXD pin is connected to the RS232 which transmits and/or control power at the rack level can provide a
the data from the microcontroller. The huge return on investment by providing savings in
microcontroller baud rate is set in accordance to the both man hours and downtime. Remote monitoring
frequency of the 555 timer to ensure consistency of capabilities eliminate the need for manual power
data. Thus data is transmitted from the audits as well as provide immediate alerts to potential
microcontroller at a preset frequency and the request problems. Remote control allows for quick response
for data is received by the microcontroller connected and recovery of stalled hardware either down the hall
to the port and the further processing is done as per or across the country. This ability can save not only
the code written to calculate the power by taking the travel costs but minimize costly downtime.
correction factors in to consideration.
The computer is programmed so as to send REFERENCES
requests for data and receive data via the serial port. [1] Nordic VLSI.Data sheets for nRF905
The work at TTL voltage levels and the computer Multiband Transceiver.2005
works at RS232C voltage levels. So to bridge this [2]
voltage variation MAX 232C is used which is driver http://batescomponents.com/catalog/parts/78
cum receiver. LE54-2 4.html
The driver is connected to the IR transmitter [3] Popa, M.Popa, A.S., Cretu, V., Micea, M.,
and the receiver is connected to the IR receiver. The “Monitoring Serial Communications in
data from data pin of IR receiver is given to the Microcontroller Based Embedded Systems
computer and displayed on the screen. IR transmitter Computer Engineering and Systems”, The
is connected to the computer and the program is 2006 International Conference on，Nov.
written to send the data via the serial port to the IR 2006 Page(s):56 - 61Computational
transmitter to send data at a given baud rate. The Intelligence in Scheduling (SCIS 07), IEEE
oscillator is connected to the transmitter to match the Press, Dec. 2007, pp. 57-64,
transmission with the baud rate. The oscillator used is doi:10.1109/SCIS.2007.357670.
555 timer using astable multivibrator.

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Ff25965968

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