Scaffold and Ladder Safety Training

1. Scaffold and Ladder
Safety Training
1

2. DisclaimerDisclaimer
• This material was produced under grant number
SH-17787-08-60-F-24 from the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily
reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
• This presentation is intended to discuss Federal Regulations only -
your individual State requirements may be more stringent as many
states operate their own state OSHA and they may have adopted
construction standards that are different from information presented
in this training. If you live in a state with an OSHA approved state
plan, you should contact your local administrator for further
information on the standards applicable in your state.
• These materials are meant for informational purposes only.
• No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the
presentation.
2

3. DisclaimerDisclaimer,, cont.cont.
• It is not the intent to provide compliance-based training in this
presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the
residential construction (i.e. home building) industry, and to
recognize the overlapping hazards present in many construction
workplaces.
• Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not
in compliance with applicable OSHA/safety requirements.
• No legal advice is offered or implied, and no attorney-client
relationship is intended or established. If legal advice or other
expert assistance is required the services of a competent
professional person should be sought.
• It is the responsibility of the employer and its employees to comply
with all pertinent OSHA/safety rules and regulations in the
jurisdiction in which they work.
3

4. IntroductionIntroduction
• Falls from scaffolds and ladders are a
leading cause of serious and fatal injuries
in residential construction.
• The goals of this course are to help you:
– understand how to correct or eliminate fall
hazards on your job sites related to scaffold
and ladder use
– understand the OSHA scaffold and ladder
safety requirements
4

5. IntroductionIntroduction,, cont.cont.
• The course is based on the NAHB-OSHA
Scaffold Safety Handbook, Scaffold Safety
Video, Fall Protection Handbook and Fall
Protection Video.
• Participants can use the information from
this seminar to:
– Provide training to employees
– Implement a ladder and scaffold safety
program
5

6. Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives
1. Identify the importance of preventing falls from
ladders and scaffolds.
2. Recognize fall hazards associated with ladder
and scaffold use.
3. Identify OSHA requirements for ladders,
stairways, and scaffolds.
4. Identify work practices for using ladders and
scaffolds safely.
6

7. Course AgendaCourse Agenda
• Section 1: Overview
• Section 2: Ladder Safety
• Section 3: Scaffold Safety
• Section 4: Group Workshop
• Section 5: Post Test and Review
7

8. Section 1: Overview
8

9. Why is Preventing Falls fromWhy is Preventing Falls from
Ladders and Scaffolds Important?Ladders and Scaffolds Important?
• Falls continue to be the leading cause of
fatalities in residential construction.
• Falls (602) were responsible for 45% of
residential construction fatalities from
2003 to 2006.
• 135 (22%) were falls from ladders.
• 89 (15%) were falls from scaffolding.
9 Source: NAHB Residential Construction Industry Fatalities 2003-2006
(www.nahb.org/fatalitystudy )

10. Fatalities by Event or Exposure:Fatalities by Event or Exposure:
Residential ConstructionResidential Construction
Assaults and
Violent Acts
N = 48 (3%)
Exposure to
Harmful
Substances or
Environments
N = 248 (18%)
Falls
N = 602
(45%)
Contact with
Objects and
Equipment
N = 251 (18%)
Transportation
Accidents
N = 199 (14%)
Fires and
Explosions
N = 34 (2%)
Source: NAHB Residential Construction Industry Fatalities 2003-2006
(www.nahb.org/fatalitystudy )
10

11. Fall Fatalities:Fall Fatalities:
Residential ConstructionResidential Construction
40%
22%
15%
9%
8%
1% 1%
2%
1% 1%
Fall from roof (232)
Fall from ladder (135)
Fall from scaffold, staging (89)
Fall to lower level, unspecified or
not elsewhere classified (57)
Fall from floor, dock, or ground
level (47)
Fall from nonmoving vehicle (12)
Fall from building girders or
other structural steel (9)
Fall, other or unspecified (7)
Fall on the same level (7)
Fall down stairs or steps (6)
11 Source: NAHB Residential Construction Industry Fatalities 2003-2006
(www.nahb.org/fatalitystudy )

12. Most Frequently Cited SeriousMost Frequently Cited Serious
Violations In Construction - 2007Violations In Construction - 2007
2043
1889
1612
1480
1463
1247
1219
1206
1155
889
501(b)(13) - M
501(b)(1) - M
100(a) - E
451(g)(1) - L
453(b)(2)(v) - L
503(a)(1) - M
1053(b)(1) - X
451(e)(1) - L
451(b)(1) - L
454(a) - L
Standard&Subpart-1926.
Top 10 Citations
Fall protection – Residential construction 6’ or more
Aerial Lifts - Body belt and lanyard
Head protection
Portable ladders 3 feet above landing surface
Training foremployees using scaffolds
Fall hazards training program
Scaffolds - Fall protection
Fall protection - Unprotected sides & edges
Scaffolds - Platformconstruction
Scaffolds - Access
12

13. OSHA: Scaffold and LadderOSHA: Scaffold and Ladder
CitationsCitations
• Plastering Contractor fined $106,200 for exposing
employees to fall hazards while working on a
scaffold without using fall protection equipment.
• Roofing Contractor fined $61,800 following an
OSHA inspection for exposing employees to fall
hazards including the use of a ladder that did not
extend 3 ft. beyond the landing surface.
13

14. OSHA Fall Protection RequirementsOSHA Fall Protection Requirements
• Subpart L - 1926.451(g)
Each employee on a scaffold more than 10’ (3.1M)
above a lower level shall be protected from falling to a
lower level.
• Subpart X – Ladders
Fall protection is not required for workers climbing or
working on portable ladders.
• Subpart X – Stairways
Stairways having four (4) or more risers or rising more
than 30 inches must be equipped with at least on
handrail; and one stairrail system along each
unprotected side or edge.
14

15. OSHA Fall Protection RequirementsOSHA Fall Protection Requirements
cont.cont.
• Subpart M - 1926.501(b)(13)
Residential construction. Each employee
engaged in residential construction activities 6’
or more above lower levels must be protected by
conventional or alternative fall protection:
Exemption: When the employer can
demonstrate the protection is infeasible or
creates a greater hazard the employer must
develop an alternative fall protection plan.
15

16. In the HeadlinesIn the Headlines
16

17. In the Headlines, cont.In the Headlines, cont.
17

18. How do you prevent falls fromHow do you prevent falls from
ladders and scaffolds?ladders and scaffolds?
• Implement a comprehensive safety
program.
• Understand OSHA ladder and scaffold
regulations.
• Train workers to identify hazards
associated with ladder and scaffold use.
• Use safe work practices.
18

19. Section 2:
Ladder and Stairway Safety
19

20. Learning Objectives: Section 2Learning Objectives: Section 2
• Determine the proper ladder to use based on
weight capacity and height.
• Calculate the proper pitch of extension ladders
for proper set-up, and identify how to secure and
stabilize ladders.
• Identify how to maintain a safe position when
using a ladder.
• Identify safety requirements for protecting
stairways.
20

21. Common Ladder HazardsCommon Ladder Hazards
• Improper set-up
• Portable ladders not 3 feet above landing
surface
• Not securing ladder correctly
• Standing on the top two steps of a
stepladder
• Overreaching when working from a ladder
21

22. Choosing the Right LadderChoosing the Right Ladder
Before stepping onto a ladder, think about
these things:
• Duty rating of the ladder—what capacity
can it hold?
• Height of the ladder—too short or too tall?
• Condition of the ladder and instructions
unique to the ladder selected.
22

23. Proper Duty Rating/CapacityProper Duty Rating/Capacity
OSHA Requirement
Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the
maximum intended load for which they
were built nor beyond their manufacturer's
rated capacity.
23

24. Proper Duty Rating/Capacity,Proper Duty Rating/Capacity,
cont.cont.
TYPE DUTY RATING USE LOAD
1AA Special Heavy Duty Rugged 375 Lbs.
1A Extra Heavy Duty Industrial 300 Lbs.
1 Heavy Duty Industrial 250 Lbs.
II Medium Duty Commercial 225 Lbs.
III Light Duty Household 200 Lbs.
Select a ladder with the proper duty rating for
your weight and the materials you are handling.
24

25. Extension LaddersExtension Ladders
25

26. Proper Ladder Set-upProper Ladder Set-up
• Consider placement and pitch of the
ladder.
• Secure and stabilize the ladder.
26

27. Pitch Extension LaddersPitch Extension Ladders
• Extension ladders
should be used at a 4
to 1 pitch (1.2 to .3
m).
• For every 4 ft. (1.2 m)
in height, the bottom
of the ladder should
be 1 ft. (.3 m) away
from the structure.
• Extension ladders
should be used at a 4
to 1 pitch (1.2 to .3
m).
• For every 4 ft. (1.2 m)
in height, the bottom
of the ladder should
be 1 ft. (.3 m) away
from the structure.
•Example:
•20 ft. (height) ÷ 4 ft. = 5 ft. pitch
27

28. Pitch Extension Ladders, cont.Pitch Extension Ladders, cont.
28

29. Proper Height Extension LaddersProper Height Extension Ladders
When accessing
another level, the
ladder must extend at
least 3ft. (0.9m)
above the landing to
provide a hand hold
for getting on and off
the ladder.
3 ft.
29

30. ProperProper Height for ExtensionHeight for Extension
Ladders, cont.Ladders, cont.
Choose the right ladder for the height you need to reach.
Ladder
Height (ft.)
Maximum
Reach (ft.)*
Height to Gutter or
Top Support Point+
16 15 9 ft. max.
20 19 9-13 ft.
24 23 13-17 ft.
28 27 17-21 ft.
32 31 21-25 ft.
36 34 25-28 ft.
40 37 28-31 ft.
*Assume a 5 ft.-6 in. person with a vertical reach of 12 in.
+Support points for extension ladders reflect section overlap, ladder angle, or 3-
ft. extension above roof line
30

31. Secure and Stabilize LaddersSecure and Stabilize Ladders
• Extension ladders should be secured
at the top or bottom to prevent
movement.
• The base of an extension ladder must
be secured in place by using the
safety feet on the ladder or other
effective means.
31

32. Secure and Stabilize LaddersSecure and Stabilize Ladders,,
cont.cont.
32

33. SecureSecure and Stabilize Laddersand Stabilize Ladders,,
cont.cont.
33

34. SecureSecure and Stabilize Laddersand Stabilize Ladders,,
cont.cont.
34

35. Loose SoilLoose Soil
35

36. Step LaddersStep Ladders
36

37. Step LaddersStep Ladders
• Only use in the fully open position on firm
level ground.
• Do not use a stepladder that is folded or in
a leaning position.
• Never sit/stand on the top two rungs.
• Consider work height when selecting a
stepladder.
37

38. Step Ladders, cont.Step Ladders, cont.
• Stepladders are
designed for use in
an opened-and-
locked position.
38

39. Step Ladders, cont.Step Ladders, cont.
• Do NOT use a
stepladder that is
folded or in a
leaning position.
39

40. Proper Height StepladdersProper Height Stepladders
Choose a
stepladder
that is no
more than
4ft. shorter
than the
height you
want to
Reach.
Maximum Height
You Need to Reach
Stepladder Height
7 3
8 4
9 5
10 6
12 8
14 10
15 11
16 12
18 14
20 16
40

41. Maintain a Safe Position onMaintain a Safe Position on
LaddersLadders
• Face the ladder when ascending or
descending.
• Maintain three points of contact at all
times.
• Keep your body centered on the ladder.
• Never let your belt buckle pass either
siderail.
41

42. Maintaining a Safe Position on aMaintaining a Safe Position on a
Ladder, cont.Ladder, cont.
42

43. Ladder InspectionsLadder Inspections
• Ladders must be
inspected before each
use.
• Broken or weak ladders
or ladders that are not
stable must be marked or
tagged as defective and
taken out of service.
• Look for cracks and weak
points.
• Competent person must
periodically inspect
ladders.
43

44. Ladder Inspection, cont.Ladder Inspection, cont.
44

45. ReviewReview the Safety Labels on thethe Safety Labels on the
LadderLadder
45

46. Additional Safe Work Practices:
Ladders
• Extension ladders should not be separated
to create two ladders.
• Keep the areas around the tops and bottoms
of all ladders clear to prevent trip-and-fall
hazards.
• Avoid setting ladders up in high traffic areas
or barricade the area around ladder.
46

47. Additional Safe Work Practices:
Ladders, cont.
• Ladders must be kept free of oil, grease,
and other slipping hazards.
• Consider using a rope to raise/lower
materials instead of carrying items while
climbing a ladder.
• Do NOT use metal or aluminum ladders
near exposed energized electrical
equipment.
47

48. Section 3:
Scaffold Safety
48

49. Learning Objectives: Section 3Learning Objectives: Section 3
• Identify general requirements for safely
building and using scaffolds.
• Identify competent person responsibilities.
• How to access scaffolds safely.
• Determine proper fall protection including
guardrails and personal fall arrest systems.
• Identify safety requirements applicable to
specific types of scaffolds.
49

50. Common Scaffold HazardsCommon Scaffold Hazards
• No guardrails on scaffolds.
• Defective wood planks and inadequate
planking overhang.
• Unsafe access to scaffold.
• Cross bracing not adequate.
• Inadequate footings.
• Bridging of scaffolds.
50

51. General RequirementsGeneral Requirements
• Erect/dismantle all Scaffolds According to
the Manufacturer's Instructions and
Competent Persons (CP) Direction
• Capacity
– Must support 4x Intended Load
• Stable Footings
– Base Plate, Screw Jacks & Mudsills
51

52. General Requirements, cont.
• Platforms at Least 18” Wide
– Ladder Jack, Pump Jack, Top Plate, and Roof
Brackets Can Be 12” Wide
– Front edge of all platforms within 14” of face
of work
• Exceptions:
– 3” for outrigger scaffolds
– 18” for plastering and lathing operations
52

53. Scaffold CapacityScaffold Capacity
• Scaffolds must be capable of supporting
its own weight and at least 4x the
expected load.
• Expected load includes:
• Workers
• Equipment
• Tools
• Materials
53

54. Scaffold Capacity, cont.Scaffold Capacity, cont.
Scaffold Capacity = Expected Load x 4
400 lbs of Workers
100 lbs of Tools
+ 100 lbs of Materials
600 lbs x 4 = 2,400 lbs
54

55. Base Plate & Mudsill RequiredBase Plate & Mudsill Required
55

56. Proper Scaffold BaseProper Scaffold Base
56

57. Masonry Blocks & BricksMasonry Blocks & Bricks NOTNOT
Acceptable as Scaffold BaseAcceptable as Scaffold Base
57

58. Scaffold PlatformScaffold Platform
• Each platform on all working levels must be
fully planked and secured to prevent
movement.
• No more than a 1” space between
decking/platform units and upright supports.
• Wood scaffold planks must be nominal 2” x
10”.
• Must be Scaffold Grade Planks or
equivalent.
58

59. Scaffold Grade Plank StampScaffold Grade Plank Stamp
59

60. PlanksPlanks with Visible Defectswith Visible Defects
MUST NOT be UsedMUST NOT be Used
60

61. ScaffoldScaffold UseUse
• Do NOT use objects (ladders, boxes, barrels, etc.)
on top of scaffold platforms to increase height
• Planks Extend 6” Past Supports or Secured
• Do NOT Paint Platforms
– Exception: Platform edges may be covered or
marked for identification
• Brace Fully
61

62. Front Edge within 14” of FaceFront Edge within 14” of Face
62

63. Scaffold Plank 6” Past SupportScaffold Plank 6” Past Support
63

64. Scaffold Plank CleatScaffold Plank Cleat
64

65. Fully Braced ScaffoldFully Braced Scaffold
65

66. CompetentCompetent Person ResponsibilitiesPerson Responsibilities
Designated competent person:
• Designated by the employer.
• Has the knowledge and experience required
to identify existing and predictable hazards.
• Has authority to eliminate unsafe working
conditions.
• Has authority to stop work if unsafe
conditions exists.
66

67. Competent Person Responsibilities,Competent Person Responsibilities,
cont.cont.
• Train employees who erect, dismantle,
move, or alter scaffolds.
• Determine if it is safe for employees to work
on or from a scaffold during storms or high
winds.
• Inspect scaffolds and scaffold components
for visible defects before each work shift.
67

68. ScaffoldScaffold AccessAccess
• Ladders Needed if Access
More Than 2’
• Don’t Climb Cross Braces
• Place Ladders Securely
– Ladders must be positioned so they
will not tip the scaffold
68

69. Scaffold Access, cont.
• Access to or from another surface (such
as a window) can only be used when the
scaffold is:
–No more than 14” horizontally, and
–No more than 24” vertically from the
other surface
69

70. Portable Access LadderPortable Access Ladder
• Must be secured to
prevent
displacement.
• Extend at least 3’
above landing to
provide a
handhold.
70

71. Attachable Access LadderAttachable Access Ladder
71

72. Scaffold StairwayScaffold Stairway
72

73. ScaffoldScaffold Fall ProtectionFall Protection
• Scaffolding 10’ or higher must have some means of fall
protection:
– guardrails or
– personal fall arrest system (PFAS)
• Toprails installed between 38” and 45” High.
• Midrails installed halfway between toprail and platform.
• Cross bracing OK as guardrails if the center point is
between 20” to 30” for Midrail and 38” to 45” for
Toprail.
• Toprails to 200 lbs. of force/Midrails to 150 lbs. of force in
any direction.
73

74. Scaffold Fall Protection, cont.Scaffold Fall Protection, cont.
• Erecting and Dismantling:
– Fall protection should be used when feasible and
when it does not create a greater hazard
– Competent person determines the feasibility and
safety of providing fall protection
74

75. Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection
• Anyone working on or around a scaffold
must wear a hard hat.
• Workers on or below scaffolds must be
protected from falling objects by:
• Toeboards
• Mesh
• Screens; or
• Equivalent measures
75

76. Falling Object Protection, cont.Falling Object Protection, cont.
76

77. Falling Object Protection, cont.Falling Object Protection, cont.
77

78. Scaffold Safety TrainingScaffold Safety Training
• All employees must be trained prior to
working on scaffolds.
• Qualified person must conduct the training
and include the following:
– Electrical Hazards
– Fall Protection
– Falling Object Protection
– Proper Use
– Material Handling
– Load-carrying Capacities
78

79. What type of scaffold do you use?What type of scaffold do you use?
79

80. Types of Scaffolds CoveredTypes of Scaffolds Covered
• Fabricated Frame
Scaffold
• Pump Jack Scaffold
• Ladder Jack Scaffold
• Trestle & Horse
Scaffold
• Mobile Scaffold
• Roof Bracket Scaffold
• Top Plate Scaffold
• Aerial Lifts
• Work Platforms
attached to forklifts
80

81. Fabricated FrameFabricated Frame
81

82. Fabricated FrameFabricated Frame
• Have guardrails
installed.
82

83. Fabricated Frame, cont.Fabricated Frame, cont.
• Use Cross bracing.
83

84. Fabricated Frame, cont.Fabricated Frame, cont.
• Use of uplift pins.
84

85. Fabricated Frame, cont.Fabricated Frame, cont.
• Supported scaffolds with
a height to base width
(including outrigger
supports, if used) ratio of
more than four to one
(4:1) must be restrained
from tipping by:
– Guying,
– Tying,
– Bracing, or
– Equivalent means
85

86. Pump Jack ScaffoldPump Jack Scaffold
86

87. Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Brackets, braces
must be made of
metal and installed as
per manufacturer
specifications.
87

88. Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Must have guardrails
(including end rails),
or personal fall arrest
system (PFAS), when
working at heights
above 10‘.
88

89. Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.Pump Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Keep working surface
free from debris.
89

90. PumpPump Jack Scaffold, cont.Jack Scaffold, cont.
• When using wood poles the
lumber must be:
– Straight-grained
– Free of shakes
– Free of large loose or dead knots,
and other defects that might impair
strength
• Wood poles built of two
continuous lengths must have
seams parallel.
• Mending plates must be used
when 2x4’s are splice together.
90

91. Ladder Jack ScaffoldLadder Jack Scaffold
91

92. LadderLadder Jack Scaffold, cont.Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Platform cannot
exceed a height of 20’
or be bridged
together.
92

93. Ladder Jack Scaffold, cont.Ladder Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Personal Fall Arrest
System (PFAS) must
be used for work at
heights greater than
10’.
93

94. LadderLadder Jack Scaffold, cont.Jack Scaffold, cont.
• Ladders must be
placed, fastened or
equipped with devices
to prevent slipping.
94

95. Trestle & Horse ScaffoldsTrestle & Horse Scaffolds
95

96. Trestle ScaffoldTrestle Scaffold
• Scaffold platforms
shall not be used
above the second to
top rung.
• Job built ladders
cannot be used in a
trestle scaffold
system.
• Ladders must be
secured to prevent
displacement.
96

97. Horse ScaffoldHorse Scaffold
• Not erected more than
10’ in height or
arranged more than two
tiers.
• When stacked one
horse must be directly
over the other horse
and each cross braced.
• Legs must be nailed
down or secured.
97

98. Mobile ScaffoldMobile Scaffold
• Do Not move while
occupied unless
specifically designed
for such movement.
• Before moving
inspect for pits, holes,
or obstructions on the
floor.
• Push the base On or
Near the bottom when
moving.
98

99. Mobile Scaffold, cont.Mobile Scaffold, cont.
• Caster wheels must
be locked to prevent
movement of the
scaffold when
stationary.
99
Unlocked
Locked

100. Roof Bracket ScaffoldRoof Bracket Scaffold
• Scaffold bracket must be
constructed to form to
pitch of roof and create a
level work surface.
• Brackets must be nailed
into place.
• When brackets cannot be
nailed into place, ¾”
manila rope should be
used to secure in place.
• Must use personal fall
arrest system.
100

101. Top Plate ScaffoldTop Plate Scaffold
101

102. Top Plate Scaffold, cont.Top Plate Scaffold, cont.
• Must hook over and
be supported on top
plate of wall structure.
102

103. Top Plate Scaffold, cont.Top Plate Scaffold, cont.
• Wall structure must
be braced to hold at
least 4 times the
intended load.
103

104. TopTop Plate Scaffold, cont.Plate Scaffold, cont.
• Must follow
manufactures
specification on
particulars of using
the different styles.
104

105. Aerial LiftsAerial Lifts
105

106. AerialAerial Lifts, cont.Lifts, cont.
• ONLY trained and
authorized personnel
should operate aerial
lifts.
106

107. Aerial LiftsAerial Lifts, cont., cont.
• Wear a full body harness
and attach the lanyard to
the boom or an approved
anchor point inside the
basket and NEVER tie to
the adjacent structure.
107

108. Aerial LiftsAerial Lifts, cont., cont.
• Aerial lifts CANNOT
be moved while the
bucket is occupied.
108

109. Aerial Lifts, cont.Aerial Lifts, cont.
• Stand on the floor of
the basket, NEVER
step on rails or
outside the basket.
109

110. Aerial Lifts, cont.Aerial Lifts, cont.
• Do NOT Exceed Load
Limits.
110

111. Work PlatformsWork Platforms Attached toAttached to
ForkliftsForklifts
111

112. Work PlatformsWork Platforms Attached toAttached to
ForkliftsForklifts
• Work platforms can
ONLY be used if the
machine supporting
the personnel
platform was
designed for such
use.

113. Work Platforms Attached toWork Platforms Attached to
Forklifts, cont.Forklifts, cont.
• ONLY trained and
authorized personnel
are allowed to
operate forklifts.
113

114. Work Platforms Attached toWork Platforms Attached to
Forklifts, cont.Forklifts, cont.
• Use ONLY commercially
built personnel baskets
designed for lifting
workers that meet ANSI
requirements.
• Homemade boxes lifted
by forklifts are NOT
acceptable.
114

115. WorkWork Platforms Attached toPlatforms Attached to
Forklifts, cont.Forklifts, cont.
• Entire platform must
be attached to the
lifting carriage and/or
forks.
115

116. Work Platforms Attached toWork Platforms Attached to
Forklifts, cont.Forklifts, cont.
• Forklifts CANNOT be
moved horizontally
while the platform is
occupied.
116

117. Work Platforms Attached toWork Platforms Attached to
Forklifts, cont.Forklifts, cont.
• Wear a full body harness
and attach the lanyard to
the boom or an approved
anchor point inside the
basket and NEVER tie to
the adjacent structure.
117

118. Section 4: Group
Workshop
118

119. Hazard Violation WorkshopHazard Violation Workshop
Students will review a series of
photographs of ladders and scaffolds in
use on a jobsite. The assignment is to
identify the hazards in each photo and
discuss the corrective action required to
correct the hazard. (Note: Some of the
photos are of correct safe work practices.)
You Play OSHA!
119

120. Picture #1Picture #1
120

121. Picture #2Picture #2
121

122. Picture #3Picture #3
122

123. Picture #4Picture #4
123

124. Picture #5Picture #5
124

125. Picture #6Picture #6
125

126. Picture #7Picture #7
126

127. Picture #8Picture #8
127

128. Picture #9Picture #9
128

129. Picture #10Picture #10
129

130. Picture #11Picture #11
130

131. Picture #12Picture #12
131

132. Picture #13Picture #13
132

133. Section 5:
Post Test and Review
133

134. NAHB Labor, Safety & HealthNAHB Labor, Safety & Health
Department and OSHADepartment and OSHA
If you have any further questions contact:
• Robert Matuga, Assistant Vice President
• (800) 368-5242 ext. 8507
• rmatuga@nahb.com
• Kevin Cannon, Safety Specialist
• (800) 368-5242 ext. 8507
• kcannon@nahb.com
134