Clasps

CLASPS
www.indiandentalacademy.co
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GOOD AFTERNOONGOOD AFTERNOON
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““By the accident ofBy the accident of
fortunefortune
a man may rule the worlda man may rule the world
for a time,for a time,
but by virtue of love hebut by virtue of love he
may rule the worldmay rule the world
forever.”forever.”www.indiandentalacademy.co
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CLASPSCLASPS
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• The name clasp is derived from a
French word “UYPTAN” which means
“to embrace”.
• Clasps are the retentive
components of the orthodontic
appliances.
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
This unit of removable orthodontic appliance holds the appliance
in position and is called clasp.
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There are many types of clasps.There are many types of clasps.
1.’ C ’ clasp
2.Full clasp or Jackson’s clasp
3.Triangular clasp
4.Adam’s clasp and their modifications
5.Schwarz clasp
6.South end clasp
7.Duyzing clasp
8.Ball end clasp
9.Crozat clasp
10.Delta clasp
11.Eyelet clasp
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Retention -
-”Holding of teeth in
ideal aesthetic and
functional positions”
BY RIEDEL
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IDEAL REQUIREMENTSIDEAL REQUIREMENTS
• Unobtrusive.Unobtrusive.
• Not impinge.Not impinge.
• Close contact to theClose contact to the
tooth.tooth.
• Usable in both deciduousUsable in both deciduous
and permanentand permanent
dentition.dentition.
• Adequate retention.Adequate retention.
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• No active force on the anchorNo active force on the anchor
tooth.tooth.
• RigidRigid
• Easy to fabricate and also replaceEasy to fabricate and also replace
if needed.if needed.
• Not interfere in the growth ofNot interfere in the growth of
jaws and eruption of teeth.jaws and eruption of teeth.
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USESUSES
To secure the appliance inTo secure the appliance in
positionposition
To prevent rolling of appliancesTo prevent rolling of appliances
To resist forces of displacementTo resist forces of displacement
To provide retention & anchorageTo provide retention & anchorage
For engaging elasticsFor engaging elastics
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CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
A. Hand Made
Machine Made.
B. Single tag arm
Double tag arm
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MODE OF ACTION OFMODE OF ACTION OF
CLASPSCLASPS
Clasp engage onto the undercutsClasp engage onto the undercuts
(constricted areas on the teeth.)(constricted areas on the teeth.)
Two types of undercuts.Two types of undercuts.
Buccal / Lingual Cervical undercuts.Buccal / Lingual Cervical undercuts.
Mesial / Distal Proximal undercuts.Mesial / Distal Proximal undercuts.
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Line of occlusionLine of occlusion
It is a smooth (catenary)curve passingIt is a smooth (catenary)curve passing
through the central fossa of each upperthrough the central fossa of each upper
molar and across the cingulum of the uppermolar and across the cingulum of the upper
canine and incisor teeth.canine and incisor teeth.
The same line runs along the buccal cuspsThe same line runs along the buccal cusps
and incisal edges in the mandibular arch.and incisal edges in the mandibular arch.
ANGLE’S
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L
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OF
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Nwww.indiandentalacademy.co
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CIRCUMFERENTIALCIRCUMFERENTIAL
CLASPCLASP
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• Circumferential clasp / C-Clasp /
3/4th
Clasp.
• It uses the bucco-cervical
undercut.
• 2nd
molars and canines.
• Single retention arm.
• 1mm wire used in molars.
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AdvantagesAdvantages
• Good retention.
• Easy to fabricate.
• Single occlusal crossover wire.
• Easy to replace.
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Not on semi-erupted tooth.
• Decalcification of cervical
margin.
• Gingival irritation.
• Plaque accumulation enhanced.
• Easily distort.
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JACKSONSJACKSONS
CLASPCLASP
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• V.H. Jackson 1906
• Jacksons Clasp / Full Clasp / U
Clasp.
• Both bucco-cervical and proximal
undercuts.
• 0.7mm to 1mm.
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• Simple design
• Adequate retention.
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• Not useful in partially eruptedNot useful in partially erupted
teeth.teeth.
• Difficult to adjust.Difficult to adjust.
• Not on unfavorably inclinedNot on unfavorably inclined
tooth.tooth.
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SOUTHENDSOUTHEND
CLASPCLASP
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• Most common for anterior
anchorage.
• Single arrowhead between
Central Incisors with wire
following the gingival margin.
.Stephen’s
-1979 www.indiandentalacademy.co
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TRIANGULARTRIANGULAR
CLASPCLASP
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• Also called as MODIFIED
ZIMMER CLASP.
• Excellent retention by the single
arrowhead in the interproximal
area.
• Free end towards distal to
facilitate the engagement of
elastics.
• 0.7mm wire
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• Excellent retention.
• Pre fabricated available.
• Elastics can be engaged.
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• Not useful if adjacent tooth is
absent.
• Used as secondary / additional
retention.
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BALL ENDBALL END
CLASPCLASP
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• Action and location similar to
triangular clasp.
• Pre fabricated available. Can be
made by adding solder to end of a
wire.
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• Single occlusal interference.
• Less gingival irritation.
• Easy to replace.
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• Short arm makes adjustment
difficult.
• Cannot be used for primary
retention.
• Cannot be used in absence of
adjacent tooth.
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SCHWARZSCHWARZ
CLASPCLASP
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• Also called as ARROWHEAD
CLASP.
• A.M. Schwarz 1935.
• Mesial and distal undercuts of the
teeth.
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• Reliable retention.
• Does not interfere in posterior
occlusion.
• More length of wire hence more
flexible.
• More easy to adjust.
• Enhances eruption.
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• Difficult to fabricate.
• Needs special plier.
• Irritates soft tissue.
• Tends to separate teeth.
• Is bulky hence less patient
compliance.
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CROZATCROZAT
CLASPCLASP
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• Crozat in 1920
• Along with the u clasp another
curved wire is soldered on the base
(Crescent).
• Strong retention is possible
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DUYZING CLASP
DUYZING,S J.A.C. –1969
0.7m.m WIRE USED.
This clasp is used to engage the buccal undercuts
of molars.
This clasp is constructed in two halves .
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ADAMSADAMS
CLASPCLASP
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• Adams clasp / modified
arrowhead clasp / liverpool clasp
/ universal clasp.
• C. PHILIPS ADAMS in May 1950.
• Most widely used clasp.
• Distobuccal and mesiobuccal undercuts.
• Does not separate teeth like a arrowhead
clasp.
• 0.7mm posteriors
0.6mm anteriors.
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PartsParts
BRIDGE
2 ARROWHEADS
2 TAG ARMS
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BRIDGEBRIDGE
• Is 2/3rd
the mesio-distal width of
the tooth, or slightly less then the
distance between mesiobuccal
and distobuccal undercuts, or
length should be equal to the
intercuspal distance.
• Is 1-2mm away from the buccal
surface of the tooth.
• Is at 45o
to the buccal surface of
the tooth.
• Should be straight.
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ArrowheadsArrowheads
• They should lie in the disto and
mesio buccal undercuts.
• Shaped according to the curve of
the gum margins into the
interdental papilla.
• Long enough to keep the bridge
at a proper distance.
• Should not touch the adjacent
teeth
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Tag armsTag arms
• Closely fitted to the contact
points, down to the interdental
embrassure.
• Space between the tag arms and
palate for flow of acrylic.
• No sharp bends.
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FABRICATION
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• Small,neat and unobtrusive.
• Any tooth.
• Both deciduous and permanent dentition.
• Even on semi erupted tooth.
• No specialized pliers required.
• Can be modified as needed.
• No. of modifications are available.
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• Unwanted palatal tipping if gets activated.
• May lead to elongation of tooth if is fitting
tightly.
• Can be repaired only if fractured through
the arrowheads.
• Cannot be given on proclined anteriors.
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MODIFICATIONS
OF ADAMS CLASP
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Anterior AdamsAnterior Adams
• 0.6mm
• Also called double clasp.
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With distal extension/ tractionWith distal extension/ traction
hookhook
• To engage elastics
• Not given if sulcus is shallow.
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With eyeletWith eyelet
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With a soldered hookWith a soldered hook
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With a soldered tubeWith a soldered tube
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With a single arrowheadWith a single arrowhead
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With accessory arrowheadWith accessory arrowhead
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Smart claspSmart clasp
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• It is used in magnetic activator
devices
• Wire used 0.7mm
• Bend 2mm loop on each side along
with arrow head
• It can be modified to double clasp on
premolars and molars for extraoral
traction
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ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• Coils of the smart clasp increases
spring back property.
• Reduces frequent tightening.
• Can be used with any type of
removable appliances like bite
blocks, palatal expanders.
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Delta claspDelta clasp
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TWIN BLOCKTWIN BLOCK
• William J. Clark
• Used in twin block appliances
• Retentive loops were triangular
in shape hence the name “Delta”
• Retains the basic elements of Adams
clasp like retentive loops and a
buccal bridge
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ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• Design of the closed loop does not
open up with repeated removal.
• Less subject to breakage.
• Provides excellent retention on lower
premolars.
• Suitable for use on most posterior
teeth.
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““Don’t wait for extraordinaryDon’t wait for extraordinary
opportunities.opportunities.
Seize common occasions andSeize common occasions and
make them great.”make them great.”
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