Growth&dev iv /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Growth & Development
Part IV
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

• Growth and development of Cranial Vault
• Growth and development of Basicranium
• Growth and Development of
nasomaxiallary complex.

Growth and development of
Cranial Vault
• The growth of the bones of the calvaria
uitlizes a suture system plus relatively small
surface deposits on both ectocranial and
endocranial sides.
• Remodelling adjustments are
minor,primarily adjacent to sutures.

• The growth of the skull is provided by
sutural responses to the expansion of the
enclosed brain,thus vault growth is paced
by brain growth.
• Since the brain growth is largely completed
in early childhood, the cranial vault is one
of the first regions to achieve full size.

• The sutural system is highly adaptive for
such pathologies like Anacphaly or in
situation of premature closure of sutures.

Growth and development of
Basicranium
• The human cranial floor and calvaria are
adapted to upright body posture and the
development of relatively large cerebral
hemispheres
• Cranial base flexure places the foramen
magnum directly over the vertical spinal
cord and achieves a forward alignment of
the face and orbits because of human
bipedal posture.www.indiandentalacademy.com

• The basicranium primarily grows by
cartilagenous growth in the
synchondrosis .There are four
synchondrosis in the base of the skull
• Spheno occipital
• Spheno ethmoidal
• Inter sphenoidal
• Intra Occipital

Spheno occipital syn
• The most important growth site at cranial
base is the spheno occipital syn. It is
situated between sphenoid and occipital
bone.
• It is active throughout the growing period
and does not close until late adolesecence or
early adult life.
• The manner in which growth takes place
here is similar to that of ephipysis of the
bones. www.indiandentalacademy.com

• The growth occurring at this syn. is directed
upwards and forwards therefore it carries
the upper part of the face and anterior half
of the base of the cranium bodily upwards
and forwards.
• This upward and forward movement is
compensated by the downward growth of
face itself.

• The growth of the spheno occipital growth
exists primarily to accommodate the
growing brain and upper resp.tract.

Spheno ethmoidal Syn.
• It is the cartilage present between the
spheniod and ethmoid bone.The growth at
this syn. is complimented by the growth of
cartilage between the mesethmoid bone and
frontal bone.
• Growth taking place at this suture is also
equally important.

• In addition to the growth of the
synchondrosis,the frontal bone itself
increases in thickness through
pneumatization and creation of the frontal
sinus.
• This sutures closes around the age of 7.

• Intra sphenoidal & Intra Occipital
synchondrosis :
• Activity at the intersphenoidal syn.
disappears at birth.These closes between 3-
5 years of age.

• The basicranium is generally considered to
be the most stable of all portions of the
craniofacial skeleton and least affected by
such external influences as altered
neuromuscular or function treatment.

Growth and Development of
nasomaxiallary complex.
• The naso maxillary complex provides a
significant portion of the airway, contain
the physiologically important nasal
mucosae with their glands and temperature
adjusting vascular components,separates
nasal from oral cavities, houses the
olfactory nerve endings, encloses the
eyes,and adds resonance to the voice
because of the sinuses contained within the
region

• The mechanism for growth in the naso
maxillary complex are the sutures,the nasal
septum,the periosteal and endosteal surfaces
and the alveolar process.
• The maxilla is increased in size by
periosteal activity during postnatal
growth,although the periosteum has
different names.

• Periosteum, Mucoperiosteum, suture,
periodontal membrane.Dispite the different
names on different body surfaces but all
carry out the same role of remodelling.

• Some times too much emphasis is till
placed on the nasal septum in midface
growth suggesting almost a dominant
role,however it must remembered that
virtually all of the inner and outer surfaces
undergo remodelling process.

• Maxillary height:
Apposition occurs on the floor of the orbits
while remodelling resorption occurs on the
lower surfaces.
Simultanously the nasal floor is lowered by
resorption while apposition of the oral side.
Growth at the median suture results in
increase width.

• Alveolar remodelling contributing to
significant early growth is also important in
the attainment of width because of the
divergence of the alveolar processes. The
maxillary alveolar height results in about
40% total height.

• There is correlation between the growth in
width at the median suture and the sutural
growth contributing to height of the
maxilla.
• Mutual transverse rotation of the two
maxilae results in separation of the halves
more posteriorly than anteriorly

• Maxillary length: length increases in the
maxilla after about the second year occur by
apposition on the maxillary tuberosity and
by sutural growth toward palatine bone.
• Surface resorption occurs anteriorly on the
maxiallry arch.

• Alveolar growth is well co ordinated with
the eruption of the teeth.Increase in over all
maxillary height coincide nicely with
vertical growth of the mandible.There is
some general pacing of overall maxillary
and mandibular growth for both are roughly
coincident with general body growth.

• All mechanism of the naso maxillary
growth is well adaptive and compensatory
esp the alv. process e.g in skeletal deep bite
cases or incase with increase vertical
dimension of face.

Thank you
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Growth&dev iv /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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Growth&dev iv /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy