The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

The Cranial Vault
Pre-natal and Post-natal
Development
www.indiandentalacademy.com
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education

Introduction
Four regions of the Craniofacial complex:-
o The Cranial Vault
o The Cranial Base
o The Naso-maxillary complex
o The Mandible

Introduction
Further –
Pre - natal and Post - natal growth
Attention to:-
i. Site and location of growth
ii. Type of growth occurring.
iii. Determinant or controlling factors.

Anatomy – in Brief
Synonyms:-
Calvaria not calvarium
Cranial vault
Desmocranium
Calva

Norma Verticalis – Above
Norma Basalis – Below
Norma Lateralis – Side
Norma Occipitalis – Back
Norma Frontalis - Front

Span –
Superciliary ridges & glabella or frontal
bone
Squamous occipital bone
Part of Squamous temporal bone.

When viewed from above:-
a. Ellipsoidal (roughly)
b. Bones –
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Greater wing of sphenoid

Anatomy – in Briefc. Sutures
Frontal (metopic)
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Parietal with Sphenoid
Parietal with Temporal
Bregma
Lambda

SCALP

Pre-Natal Growth
Derivative of Mesenchyme and Mesoderm
Capsular membrane-
Endomeninx – Neural crest origin
Ectomeninx – Neural crest and
paraxial mesoderm.

Pre-Natal Growth
Ectomeninx
Duramater Superficial membrane
Vault Base

Pre-Natal Growth
Endomeninx
Piamater Arachanoid

Pre-Natal Growth
Close relation between ectomeninx and
endomeninx except in areas of venous
sinuses.
Fibres of Falx cerebri, Falx cerebelli and
Tentorium cerebelli.
Shape of brain

Pre-Natal Growth
Site site of future bones
Ossification Intra membranous
Controlling factor Brain growth

Ectomeninx:
Mesoderm –
Frontal, Parietal, sphenoid, petrous
temporal & occipital.
Neural crest –
Lacrimal, nasal, squamous
temporal, zygomatic, maxilla &
mandible
Pre-Natal Growth

Pre-Natal Growth
Frontal Bone
Primary centre Super ciliary arch
Secondary centers zygomatic process,
nasal spine,
trochlear fossa

Pre-Natal Growth
Parietal bone
Region of Parietal eminence
Occipital bone (Squamous part)
Just above superior nuchal line
Temporal bone (Squamous part)
Root of zygoma

Pre-Natal Growth
Tympanic ring of temporal bone
4 centers in lateral wall of tympanum
Formation of Sutural/Incal bones
Unusual centers of ossification

Pre-Natal Growth
Ossification centers appear around 8th
week IU.
Fontanelles
Close at various times- 2 months to 2 years

Pre-Natal Growth
-Control
3 questions posed by Van Limborgh:-
Relationship between skull and
primordia of other organs?
Co-ordination of endochondral and
intramembranous ossification?
Co-ordination of growth of skull and
other organs?

Pre-Natal Growth
-Control
Intrinsic genetic factors
Epigenetic factors
Environmental factors

Cranial
differentiation
Intrinsic Genetic control
Local epigenetic factors
General epigenetic factors
Local Environmental factors
General Environmental factors

Pre-Natal Growth
-Control
Shift of belief:-
Genetic influence Epigenetics
Examples- Primordia of eye.
- Brain.

Post-Natal Growth
Related to Growth of the Brain
Maximum growth upto the 5th year of
life – (91% as shown by Davenport)

Post-Natal Growth
Various Theories of Growth, and how
they relate to the cranial vault.
Sicher’s Sutural dominance theory
Scott’s Cartilaginous theory
Moss’ FMH

Post-Natal Growth
Desmocranial
Growth
Sicher’s Theory

Post-Natal Growth
Scott’s theory-
Inherent growth potential of Cartilages
Sutures respond secondarily

Post-Natal Growth
Chondrocranial
Growth
Desmo-
cranial
Growth
Sutures
Periosteal
growth

Post-Natal Growth
Desmocranial
Growth
Moss’ FMH

Post-Natal Growth
Ultimate Result

Post-Natal Growth
Sicher – Intrinsic control
Hydrocephalus, anencephaly,
microcephaly
Scott – Cartilage not responsive to
pressure or tension, but intra
membranous bone is.

Post-Natal Growth
Sarnat, Burdi, Baume, Petrovic etc.
Also explains why growth of cranial base
is less influenced by brain growth than
growth of Cranial vault - Van Limborgh
Synchondrosis Sutures

Post-Natal Growth
Moss’ explanation for brain growth
controlling growth of the cranium…
Hydrocephalus, synostosis

Post-Natal Growth
Brain
V A U L T
B A S E

Post-Natal Growth
Cranial base Normal

Post-Natal Growth
Van Limborgh's Summarization:-
1. Intrinsic control of growth at
synchondroses
2. Intrinsic control of sutural growth is
less
3. Synchondroses Growth centre

Post-Natal Growth
4. Sutural growth controlled in part by
growth of cranial base
5. Periosteal bone growth (vault)
controlled epigenetically by adjacent
structures
6. Growth of cranial vault also controlled
by local environmental factors (muscle
forces inclusive)

Desmocranial
Growth
Chondrocranial
Growth

Post-Natal Growth
Growth of the cranial vault – direct
influence of Neurocranial capsule

Post-Natal Growth
Also – Periosteal growth – increase in
thickness - Growth of Diploë

Post-Natal Growth
Thickening not uniform:-
Inner table Brain
Outer table mechanical influences
and functional stresses
(Benninghoff)
Growth of the frontal sinus

Post-Natal Growth

Post-Natal Growth
Periosteal bone formation
Change of shape of the bones

Clinical Implications
Distortion of head during birth –
Fontanelles

Development of the outer
superstructure of the skull – especially
at mastoid, temporal and nuchal lines.

Synostosis syndromes
Courzon’s syndrome
Apert’s syndrome

Other conditions –
Hydrocephalus, Anencephaly, Microceph
aly

Various conditions –
cretinism, progeria, trisomy
21, cleidocranial dysostosis, -
Anterior fontanelles remain open
Bossing of forehead
Brachycephalic skull

Herniation of dura mater into the nose
Dura remains in contact with the
ectoderm in the region of the anterior
neuropore.
Ventral bending of the fronto-nasal
process brings this junction close to the
future nose.
Nasal capsule forms around this, and the
junction sinks forming the foramen
caecum

The dura then separates from the
ectoderm, and foramen caecum closes.
If this foramen fails to close, dura can
herniate in to the nose.
Also formation of dermoid cysts, sinus or
encephalocele.

Abnormal external forces applied to the
cranial vault, as by headboards, by
primitive tribes.

References
Orthodontics – Principles and practice
T.M. Graber
Contemporary Orthodontics
W.Proffit
Craniofacial embryology
G.Sperber
Essentials of Facial growth
D. Enlow
Gray’s Anatomy

Thank you
For more details please visit

The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (13)

Similar a The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Similar a The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)

Más de Indian dental academy

Más de Indian dental academy (20)

Último

Último (20)

The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy