1. Development of Public Solar Power
Plants in Germany and
Project for Implementation of Public
Solar Power Plants in Ukraine

2. Transformation to society free of nuclear
power and carbon dioxid
Change for nuclear phaseout by 2022 and renewable energy supply by 2050 is
one of the biggest infrastructur projects for the next decades.
•Development of technologies and energy efficiency
•Construction of electricity grids and storage capacity for electricity
•New business models: from central supply to decentral, the utility companies
struggle against the new way
•The behaviour and attitude of electricity and heat has to be changed
•Deconstruction of the nuclear power plants and looking for sites for final storage
for nuclear waste
•Energy import and export has to be planned with European neighbours
Not only a technologial thing with new legislative initiatives
Social acceptance of a broad citizenship
Implementation needs citizenship, politics, economy and
municipality
Is a highlytechnologies like coal and nuclear power to a
industrialized country like Germany able to
exit from risk

3. Check Energy Turnaround
There is still a lot to do!
• Legal framework
– RE for thermal heat, energetic restoration for buildings
– Supporting mobility sector
– No subsidy for new fossil power plants
– Intelligent review of German Renewable Energy law
– No more unfair cost allocation: Stop relief of added costs for industry
– Very low prices at stock market because of low prices of certificates
• Construction and upgrade of electricity grid
– Measures to reduce requirement of grid construction, i.e. decentral projects
– Enabling the grid for 100% RE
– Energy efficiency, technology for energy storage, more efficient power supply
line and intelligent grids (Smart Grids)
– Citizens wants to understand, why power lines are needed
• Dialogue with citizens
– Reduction of electrictiy consumption
– Compatibility of energy turnaround and nature conservation
– Early participation and communication with citizen

4. Electricity Tariffs for Private Households
Prognosis for Private Households for 2013
Grid,
Measure VAT
6,5ct 4,6ct (16%)
(22,7%) License fee
1,7ct (5,9%)
Grid, Energy tax
Measure 2,1ct (7,2%)
6,5ct Offshore fee
(22,7%) 0,4ct (1,3%)
Production and EEG cost
sales 5,3ct (18,4%)
8,2ct (28,6%)

5. Current Discussions about Energy turnaround
• Unclear policy about future of German renewable
energy law causes unsecurity for investors and stops
investments in RE projects
• Broad misleading discussion about unsocial effects of
energy turnaround, which are initiated by lobby
campaigns
• Energy turnaround as instrument for election campaign
is not helpful
• Nevertheless:
Awareness of majority that there is no alternative
for energy turnaround

6. Energy turnaround – what goes well?
• Increase share of renewable energy for electricity
• Germany remains an exporteur for electricity
• Economic value: Added value and new jobs (400.000
jobs)
• Very high acceptance for energy turn around
– Acceptance for energy turnaround and nuclear phaseout is very
high (75%)
– Approx. 64% of interviewed persons accepts RE projects in their
neighbourhood
– Approx. 40% are willing to pay higher prices for energy
• Citizen as important promotor for energy turnaround
– More then 50% of RE power is supported and in the hand of
private persons and farmers
– The number of public power plants and cooperativas has been
doubled the last year

7. Fuel mix in Germany 2012
Renewable Energy (RE) supplied 22% of electricity production
Photovoltaik
Other 4,5%
Gas
Hydro En.
Stone coal 3,4%
Biomass
6,6%
Nuclear En.
Windenergy
7,4%
Brown coal Renewab.
Energy

8. Ownership of RE projects
RE-Projects in ownership of citizenship
Distribution of RE-Production 2010 (53.000MW)
Privates Developer
Public plants 14%
40% Big 4 Utility
Comp. 6,5%
Other Utility
Comp. 7%
Funds/Banks
11%
Companies
Farmers 9%
11% Other
1,5%

9. Reasons for High Public Participation
• German Renewable Energy law provides security for planning and
investments
• Starting from home owners and farmers, participation was possible
for people without propery
• Technology of photovoltaik is feasible and affordable for public
households
• Even investments in wind projects are affordable because
investments are possible with small investment volumes
• Most investments are in solar, wind and biofuelprojects
• Investments are possible up to 50€

10. Public Participation
• Public participation combines responsibility of the citizens and
entrepreneurship
• Build acceptance of citizen through participation and responsibility
• Changes the proportion of power: From central energy supply to
decentralisation => “Energy in citizen’s hands”
• Local engagement as opposite pole to globalisation
• Allows a broad citizenship a financial participation
• Generates local added value
 Citizens will play a very important role for energy
turnaround. They have the possibility to organize their
energy supply in a renewable way and to participate
financially in this development. This improves the
acceptance of the citizenship

11. Why cooperative?
A cooperative is …
• … democratic:
Each member has one vote
• … flexible
Easy way to become a member and to exit
• … secure:
Nearly no insolvencies
• … ethical:
as ecological investment
€ • … expandable:
for more projects in the region
• … economic:
with dividends
• … sustainable:
Producer AND consumer are for a energy production free of nuclear and
identical = cooperative carbon
• … participative
people can create the energy turnaround from
bottom up with small amounts

12. Success Story – Public Power Plants in
Germany -> Model for Ukraine?
• Commitment of citizens is the most important impetus for the energy turnaround
• Many projects are realised as in the corporate form of cooperativa
• This type of corporate represents a very democratic and realistic way of funding.
People can invest even small volumes and are producer and consumer of
energy in one person.
Developement of Energy cooperativas in
Germany

13. Project Plan
• Research on „Green Dialogue and exchange • Possible roofs in Kiev
Tariff“ between Kiew and • Checking of the
• Analysis Risk factors – Munich appropriate legal form
how to manage and •Energy strategy of City of • Negotiation of
minimize them: Kiev necessary contracts
•Energy efficiency measures
• Legal situation with • Electric supply
of City of Munich, EEG, legal
all contractual basis, • Insurance
partners •Ukrainian Green tariff: legal • Lease contract for
• Type of company and technical requirements roof
• Funding •Development and success • Funding
• Prepardness and factors of public solar power
plants in Germany
• Information for citizens
interest of the •Results of feasibility study • Construction and
citizens •How to organize a dialogue connection of the plant
and exchange of citizens of
Kiev and Munich

14. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

15. Aims of Project
• Contribution to clean, secure and economic energy supply with
photovoltaik = Energy Security
• Exchange of technical know how about small-scaled photovoltaik
projects
• Showing funding possibilities of RE projects with public participation
and how the projects run economically
• Possiblity to push energy turnaround from bottom up
• Dialogue and knowledge transfer
– Short term: First project on school, project can be embedded in
curriculum
– Mid term: Development of 2 training modules for technical
implementation and public participation
– Long term: Idea of training centre for renewable energy experts
with City of Munich, e.g. like centre of solar energy in Munich

16. Is it feasible in Ukraine?
Risk Risk Management
Funding First Project (approx. 10kWp) could be feasible. If
Green Tariff could not be applied, direct marketing
Technical Already existing projects (with DENA) show
Implementation feasibility of technology, but feed-in and direct
marketing has to be checked
Estimation of citizen Interested and able to invest with smaller
amounts? Projects allows participation and energy
turnaround from bottom-up
Application Green Tariff No established process. Application has to be
or Direct marketing negociated with various authorities. Local content
has to be taking into account.

17. Policy Requirements
 Green Tariff for every project, also for small scaled
photovoltaik projects
 Clear energy strategy of policy for renewables: Solar,
Wind and Biomass
 Adjustment of Green Tariff, e.g. feed-in for photovoltaik

18. Political Instruments in Germany to
increase RE market share
Law for
Renewable thermal
Energy Market energy:
Law: „EEG“ support Legal Tax relief
(preference program: determined
In the grid and low interest quotes for Quotes for
Buyback price) loans new buildings biomass fuel

19. Main issues of German EEG:
• Guarantee for grid connection and feeding in of
the produced energy
• Guarantee for feed-in tariff
• Security of investment, because of guaranteed
tariff for 20 years
• Targeted technical promotion für the industries
• Cost-cutting by the degression of the
guaranteed prices
• A targeted promotion creates secure and good
conditions for new business branches

20. Fuel mix in Germany 2011
RE supplied 20% of electricity production
Windenergy
Gas Other 8%
Stone coal
Biomass
6%
Nuclear En.
Hydro En.
3%
Brown coal Photovoltaik
Renewable 3%
Energy 20%

21. Renewable Energy (RE) in
Germany

22. Ukrainian Green Tariff
Necessary steps to apply Green Tariff
Which type of corporate could run the project
Large project documentation
Contract with utility company
Connection with the grid (expensive for smaller projects)
Certifcate
Licence of National Committee for allowance to sell energy
Registration for Green Tariff
Registration for Wholesale Electricity Market membership
Power supply contract for direct marketing (very bureaucratic, takes
very long)

23. Renewable Energy in Germany – Why?
• Increased energy demand worldwide
• Fossil fuels: High prices, high dependency on imports,
limited resources, most important reason for a needed
switch: causing climate change
• Climate change: Renewable Energy does not produce
external costs, protects the climate and has therefore to
be promoted
• March 2011: Fukushima - There is no alternative to RE
• June 2011: German government decides the Nuclear
Phaseout
• Renewable Energy industry generates economic
growth and is in the long run cheaper

24. Nuclear phaseout: Year 2 after Fukushima
Opinion of citizenship
• For more than 75% of Germans is nuclear phaseout the right way
• Approx. 40% are willing to pay higher prices for energy
• Approx. 28% think, Germany will phase out completely within the
next 10 years
• 50% worry about that nuclear power could be use also after 2022
• Discussion about the expensive energy turnaround and impacts
for poor people is in progress
Nuclear phase out is not an energy turnaround,
but one of the most important cornerstones for
renewable energy supply

25. New jobs with RE
Important economic effect
Renewable Energy as Job
Motor

26. Germany keeps exporter of electricity
German electricity balance sheet in TWh
Year Import Export Net
1990 31,9 31,1 - 0,8
1991 30,4 31 + 0,6
1995 39,7 34,9 - 4,8
2000 45,1 42,2 - 3,1
2001 43,5 44,8 + 1,3
2002 46,2 45,5 - 0,7
2003 45,8 53,8 + 8,1
2004 44,2 51,5 + 7,3
2005 53,4 61,9 + 8,5
2006 46,1 65,9 + 19,4
2007 44,3 63,4 + 19,1
2008 40,2 62,7 + 22,5
2009 40,6 54,9 + 14,3
2010 42,1 59,1 + 16,9
2011 49,6 49,3 + 3,7

27. Development of electricity price for
households

28. Less Nuclear Power – More renewables

29. Share of RE of Total Energy Use

30. Energy Turnaround – Contribution of
Citizenshop
Importance of public power plants
1.Reasonable expectation regarding yields of public plants
2.Public plants are able to do signifant investments
3.Public power plants as socio-political answer regarding fair distribtion of risks
and return
4.Public power plants as instruments for coordination of grids
5.Heat supply
6.Public power plants allow to contribute for all stakeholders

31. Conclusion
 Risks / Chances

32. Possible Structure for Solar Power Plant in Ukraine
Partner- e.g. supervisory Energy power
board City of Kiev
organisations plant
Current supply Lease contract
contract
Members in Kiev participation Ukrainian company
Operator & owner Company in Kiev
of the plant
Service- and Maintanence-
Members in contract
participation
Munich
Coordination / Public relation
Insurance contracts
WECF NECU / Kiew/ Installation
Insurance Manufacturer
Germany Ecoclub Munich

33. Possible partners
 Ecoclub
 City of Kiev
 City of Munich
 O.L.T. Consult
 KPI, University of Kiev
 EU
 UkraineForum Munich

34. Expectation to NECU
 Was sind Barrieren, die durch gesetzliches Framework
gefördert werden können?
 Welche Instrumente gibt es jetzt bereits, wie können sie
benutzt werden?
 Als lokaler Partner Infos recherchieren,
 Zeitplan
 Ressourcen
 Runder Tisch
 Lessons learned
 xxx

35. Nuclear Phase out and Energy turnaround
Cornerstones for Re-orientation of energy policy:
•Nuclear phase out at latest by end 2022
•Rebuilding from fossil fuel to renewable
•Construction and upgrading of the electricity grid
•Increase of energy efficiency and a national and european energy
efficiency directive
•Low-risk, economic and free of carbon dioxid
Is highly industrialized country able to exit from risk
technologies like coal and nuclear power

36. Backup

37. Export of German EEG RE Law:
• 19 EU countries use feed-in tariffs
aiming to promote RE
• The German EEG is a model for
various other countries
• Worldwide: 44 countries apply feed-
in tariffs in increase the RE-share
• Great Britain promotes small RE
plants with feed-in prices

39. Conclusion: RE is crucial for our future
energy supply
• Climate protection
• Reliable energy supply
• Moderate energy prices
• Decentralized system: Very high civil
participation
• Economic growth:
• Investments
• Jobs
• Successful export quotes

40. Investments in RE Projects in Germany

41. RE in Germany - Development

42. „EEG“ promotes RE-develoment

43. RE in Germany – Energy Mix

44. End-Energiebedarf kWh/(m²a)
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45. Energy turnaround today
Has to be
• Ecological, i.e. aiming the climate protection
• Socially acceptable, i.e. affordable for everybody
• Economically reasonable and feasible
• Participative, i.e. influence and participation is
possible in decisions and financing of RE projects
 The business model of energy turnaround is
decentral and renewable and sustainable

46. Energy turnaround today
• 20% of energy production is renewable
• 8 of 17 nuclear power plants are switched off
• EEG is an important success factor for increase of
RE, because small scaled RE-projects have been
economic from the beginning
• Network/grid expansion and energy storage are
important topics
 Public participation is a very important
element of the turnaround
 Interaction of participation and legal frame is
THE success factor