SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 36
Descargar para leer sin conexión
16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is
happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern
S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now
S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
Communicative English Course

1
16 Tenses In English
6. They are playing football in the field now.
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
1.3.b The Negative Pattern
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now
S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang
Example :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now
3. My father is not watching television now.
4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow.
1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now?
Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ?
Examples :
1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t
1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now?
QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang?
Examples :
1. what are you doing now ? studying
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang
5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
Communicative English Course

2
16 Tenses In English

EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

They are speaking English now.
We are not reading now.
Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t.
What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now.
The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the
underlined words in the following sentences.
1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Are you studying English now ?
Is your father reading a newspaper now?
Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
Are They singing a song at home now?
Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
What is your mother doing now?
What is your brother doing now?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating,
drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining,
talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training,
working

Communicative English Course

3
16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense
We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense

2.3.1. The Positive Pattern
S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday
S + 2…………………………………………………..
Examples :
1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday
S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin
Examples :
1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didn’t study here last week.
3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday?
Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t

Communicative English Course

4
16 Tenses In English
3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didn’t
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?

Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….?
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did

QW + 2……………………………..?
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1.

Communicative English Course

5
16 Tenses In English

3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
We often use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.
Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!
The pattern :
S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow
S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow?
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow?
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1……………………………………
S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… …………
Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .?
QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..?

Communicative English Course

6
16 Tenses In English

4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
e.g. + The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesn’t go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?

+ I get up at 8 o’clock every morning
- I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning?
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today
S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesn’t often drink tea.

Communicative English Course

7
16 Tenses In English

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….……
S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2…………
Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….?
QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………?

e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
-

She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?

Communicative English Course

8
16 Tenses In English

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We often use ever and never with the present perfect:
e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).
The pattern:
S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc
S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc
Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc?
QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc?

Communicative English Course

9
16 Tenses In English

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
Example :
-

When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
stolen my fur coat.
George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the film twice.
It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t
flown before.

The pattern:
S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2
S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2
Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1.
2.
3.
4.

Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.

Communicative English Course

10
16 Tenses In English

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc
S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc
Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ?
QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ?
Example :

- Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini
+ The students have been singing since this morning
- The students haven’t been singing since this morning
? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam

Communicative English Course

11
16 Tenses In English

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2
S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2
Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ?
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
+ They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4.

Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam

5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi

Communicative English Course

12
16 Tenses In English

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock
S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock
Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ?
QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ?
Example :

- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi
+ You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
- You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam

Communicative English Course

13
16 Tenses In English

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end……
S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end….
Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ?
QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ?
Example :

- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
- We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini

Communicative English Course

14
16 Tenses In English

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will have been + verb 4………since……….
S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since……….
Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….?
QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..?
Example :

- Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok
+ They will have been studying since this morning
- They won’t have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa

Communicative English Course

15
16 Tenses In English

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc
S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc
Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ?
Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel if he had more money

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus

Communicative English Course

16
16 Tenses In English

14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc
S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc
Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ?
Example :

- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang
+ They would be going home when we came
- They wouldn’t be going home when we came
? Would they be going home when we came ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.

Communicative English Course

17
16 Tenses In English

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….
S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc
Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ?
Example :

- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam
pemilihan umum.
-

He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya

Communicative English Course

18
16 Tenses In English

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….
S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc
Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ?
Example :

- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
-

The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu

Communicative English Course

19
16 Tenses In English

17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am

= I’m

2. You are

= You’re

3. We are

= We’re

4. They are

= They’re

5. He is

= He’s

6. She is

= She’s

7. It is

= It’s

8. Will not

= won’t

9. Would not

= Wouldn’t

10. Do not

= Don’t

11. Does not

= Doesn’t

12. Did not

= Didn’t

13. Is not

= Isn’t

14. Are not

= Aren’t

15. Was not

= Wasn’t

16. Were not

= Weren’t

17. Have not

= Haven’t

18. Has not

= Hasn’t

19. Had not

= Hadn’t

20. Can not

= Can’t

21. Could not

= Couldn’t

22. Must not

= Mustn’t

23. Should not

= Shouldn’t

24. Might not

= Mightn’t

25. May not

= Mayn’t

Communicative English Course

20
16 Tenses In English

18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter…
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3…………………………………by…
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk
membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter…
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus
kalimat aktif)

Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by…
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by…
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3….
5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3…
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3…
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3…
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3…
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3…
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3…
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3…
Communicative English Course

21
16 Tenses In English
13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3…
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3…
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3…
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3…
Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.

Communicative English Course

22
16 Tenses In English

19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM
1. Present Future Tense
S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)………

= S tak akan di…………………

Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)….
….

= S tidak sedang akan di……

Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her)

= S belum akan di…………

Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)………
Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense
S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge)
Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense
S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……)
Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense
S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..)
Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawankawan saya.
Communicative English Course

23
16 Tenses In English

8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by…..
Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense
S + hadn’t been + V3…by…..
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung
terbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….)
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi
dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense
S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense
S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.

• No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.

Communicative English Course

24
16 Tenses In English
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.

20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE
1. Present Future Tense
Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ?

= Yes/No,………

Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
Will + S + have been + V3…………… ?

= Yes/No,………………...

Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
Will + S + have been + V3……………?

= Yes/No,………………...

Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
What + …………………….. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ?

= Yes/No,……………….

Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara
bangkrut ?
Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in
government.

5. Simple Present Tense
(Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ?

Communicative English Course

= Yes/No,………………
25
16 Tenses In English
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director.

6. Present Continuous Tense
(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ?

= Yes/No,………………...

Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?
Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport.
7. Present Perfect Tense
(Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ?

= Yes/No,………………...

Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ?

= Yes/No,………………

Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?
How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days.
9. Past Perfect Tense
Had + S + been + V3………. ?

= Yes/No,………………

Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum
mereka menyerahkan diri ?
Who + ………………… ? = The robbers.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ?

= Yes/No,………………

Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen
Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?

Communicative English Course

26
16 Tenses In English
How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year.
11. Simple Past Tense
(Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ?

= Yes/No,………………

Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?
What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense
(Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ?

= Yes/No,………………

Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor.
13. Past Future Tense
waktu

: Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

: sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

: sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)

Communicative English Course

27
16 Tenses In English

21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET
Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.
4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.

Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A.

S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc
Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now

B.

S + to have + something +
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday

Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.
(have (has) – had – had – having)

C.

S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc

Communicative English Course

28
16 Tenses In English
Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today
3. He has get me to bring a dictionary
D.

S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc

Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)
2. I won’t get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, …
One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their…
Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)

Communicative English Course

29
16 Tenses In English

THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU:
S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

S + will + have + S.O + V1 + …
S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + …
S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + …
S + had + S.O + V1 + …
S + have + had + S.O + V1 + …
has
6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + …
7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + …
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + …
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + …
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + …
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + …
14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + …
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + …
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + …
RENUNGKAN:

1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
Communicative English Course

30
16 Tenses In English
Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1
have

V2
had

V3
had

V4
having

PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:

A. 1.

S + didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc

Eg : …………………………………………
2.

Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….?
Does

Eg : …………………………………………
3.

QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ?

Eg : When …………………………………………..
4.

Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ?

Eg : Who has ………………………………
5.

Have + someone + V1 + …… !

= suruhlah ……!

Eg : ……………………………………
B. 1.

S + won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc

Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
= …………………………………………
2.

Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ?
Does

Communicative English Course

31
16 Tenses In English

Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
= ………………………………………………... ?
3.

QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday

Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin
= …………………………………………….
4.

Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ?

Siapa yang akan berpoto ?
= Who will have one’s picture taken ?
One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.

Communicative English Course

32
16 Tenses In English

LIST OF TRANSITIVE – VERB
Infinitive
No

(Kata Dasar)

Past Tense

Past
Participle

Present
Participle

V2

V3

V4

V1

The Meaning in Indonesian:

1

to do

did

done

~ing

mengerjkan, melakukan.

2

to have

had

had

having

mempunyai

3

to tell

told

told

~ing

mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.

4

to own

owned

owned

~ing

memiliki

5

to read

read

read

~ing

membaca

6

to write

wrote

written

writing

menulis

7

to listen

listened

~ed

~ing

mendengarkan

8

to speak

spoke

spoken

~ing

berbicara, pandai berbahasa

9

to say

said

said

~ing

berkata, mengatakan

10

to ask

asked

~ed

~ing

bertanya, meminta, menyuruh

11

to answer

answered

~ed

~ing

menjawab

12

to borrow

borrowed

~ed

~ing

meminjam (dari)

13

to lend

lent

lent

~ing

meminjamkan (kepada)

14

to give

gave

given

giving

memberi (kan)

15

to send

sent

sent

~ing

mengirim, menyuruh

16

to repeat

repeated

~ed

~ing

mengulang

17

to buy

bought

bought

~ing

membeli

18

to sell

sold

sold

~ing

menjual

19

to present

presented

~ed

~ing

menyajikan (cerita, materi)

20

to wait (for)

waited

~ed

~ing

menunggu

Communicative English Course

33
16 Tenses In English
21

to see

saw

seen

~ing

melihat, bertemu, berkenalan

22

to visit

visited

~ed

~ing

mengunjungi

23

to invite

invited

~ed

inviting

mengundang, mengajak

24

to reject

rejected

~ed

~ing

menolak

25

to refuse

refused

~ed

refusing

menolak (tawaran, ajakan)

26

to inprove

improved

~ed

improving

memperbaiki, meningkatkan

27

to avoid

avoided

~ed

~ing

menghindari (kan)

28

to deny

denied

denied

~ing

menyangkal, mambantah

29

to arrange

arranged

~ed

arranging

menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan

30

to plan

planned

~ned

~ing

merencanakan

31

to make

made

made

making

membuat, menyebabkan

32

to build

buit

built

~ing

membangun, mendirikan

33

to burry

burried

burried

~ing

menguburkan

34

to scold

scolded

~ed

~ing

memarahi

35

to rebuke

rebuked

~d

rebuking

memarahi

36

to bribe

bribed

~d

bribing

menyuap, menyogok

37

to attack

attacked

~ed

~ing

menyerang

38

to defend

defended

~ed

~ing

mempertahankan

39

to enforce

enforced

~d

enforcing

memaksa, memberlakukan

40

to learn

learnt

learnt

~ing

belajar

41

to study

studied

studied

~ing

mempelajari

42

to copy

copied

copied

~ing

menyalin

43

to compose

composed

~d

composing

menyusun, mengarang

44

to review

reviewed

~ed

~ing

mengulang kembali

45

to interview

intervived

~ed

~ing

mewawancarai

46

to repair

repaired

~ed

~ing

mereparasi

47

to know

knew

known

~ing

mengetahui, tahu, kenal

48

to understand

understood

understood

~ing

mengerti

49

to take

took

taken

taking

mengambil, mengantarkan

50

to eat

ate

eaten

~ing

makan

51

to drink

drank

drunk

~ing

minum

52

to substitute

~d

~d

subtituting

mengganti

53

to succeed

~ed

~d

~ing

berhasil, menggantikan

Communicative English Course

34
16 Tenses In English
54

to devide

~d

~d

dividing

membagi

55

to nominate

~d

~d

nominating

mencalonkan

56

to cook

~ed

~ed

~ing

memasak

57

to receive

~d

~d

receiving

menerima

58

to believe

~d

~d

believing

percaya

59

to agree

~d

~d

~ing

setuju

60

to disagree

~d

~d

~ing

tidak setuju

61

to propose

~d

~d

proposing

mengusulkan

62

to oppose

~d

~d

opposing

menentang, melawan

63

to predict

~ed

~ed

~ing

meramalkan

64

to let

~ed

~ed

~ting

membiarkan, mengijinkan

65

to put

~ed

~ed

~ting

meletakkan

66

to cut

~ed

~ed

~ting

memotong

67

to continue

~d

~d

~ing

meneruskan, melanjutkan

68

to draw

drew

drawn

~ing

menggambar, menarik

69

to think

thought

thought

~ing

berpikir, berpendapat

70

to express

~ed

~ed

~ing

menyatakan, mengutarakan

71

to prove

~d

~d

proving

membuktikan

72

to remember

~ed

~ed

~ing

ingat

73

to remind

~ed

~ed

~ing

mengingatkan

74

to warn

~ed

~ed

~ing

memperingatkan

75

to memorize

~d

~d

memorizing

mengingat-ingat, menghafal

76

to forget

forgot

forgotten

~ting

melupakan

77

to admire

~d

~d

admiring

mengagumi, memuji

78

to praise

~d

~d

praising

memuji

79

to insult

~ed

~ed

~ing

menghina

80

to submit

~ted

~ted

~ting

menyerahkan

81

to report

~ed

~ed

~ing

melaporkan

82

to open

~ed

~ed

~ing

membuka

83

to shut

~ed

~ed

~ting

menutup

84

to close

~d

~d

closing

menutup

85

to mark

~ed

~ed

~ing

manandai, memberi tanda

86

to weigh

~ed

~ed

~ing

menimbang

Communicative English Course

35
16 Tenses In English
87

to measure

~d

~d

measuring

mengukur

88

to evaluate

~d

~d

evaluating

mengevaluasi

89

to taste

~d

~d

tasting

mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)

90

to hold

held

held

~ing

memegang, mengadakan

91

to touch

~ed

~ed

~ing

menyentuh, meraba

92

to teach

taught

taught

~ing

mengajar

93

to return

~ed

~ed

~ing

mengembalikan

94

to reply

replied

replied

~ing

menjawab

95

to pay

~ed

~ed

~ing

membayar

96

to calculate

~d

~d

calculating

menghitung

97

to throw

threw

thrown

~ing

melempar

98

to hit

~ed

~ed

~ting

memukul

99

to beat

~ed

~ed

~ing

memukul

100

to bite

bit

beaten

~ing

menggigit

101

to hide

hid

hid

hiding

bersembunyi

102

to serve

~d

~d

serving

melayani, menghidangkan

103

to explain

~ed

~ed

~ing

menerangkan

104

to interpret

~ed

~ed

~ing

menafsirkan

105

to predict

~ed

~ed

~ing

meramalkan

106

to activate

~d

~d

activating

mengaktifkan, menggiatkan

107

to motivate

~d

~d

motivating

memotivasi, menggerakan

Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
“to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)

Communicative English Course

36

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
Sealtiel Santosa
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียน
Kathy Promson
 
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XI
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XIMateri bahasa inggris kelas XI
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XI
Iin Suin
 
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentationPre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
Abdul Sahibzada
 

La actualidad más candente (18)

Slideshare ;subbject verb agreemet
Slideshare ;subbject  verb agreemetSlideshare ;subbject  verb agreemet
Slideshare ;subbject verb agreemet
 
PAST TENSES
PAST TENSESPAST TENSES
PAST TENSES
 
PAST TENSES
PAST TENSESPAST TENSES
PAST TENSES
 
Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
Powerpoint english level elementary (kelas xi)
 
Gerund vs.-infinitive
Gerund vs.-infinitiveGerund vs.-infinitive
Gerund vs.-infinitive
 
Idioms Lesson 3
Idioms Lesson 3Idioms Lesson 3
Idioms Lesson 3
 
Simple Present Tense IPP-Lesson PLan
Simple Present Tense IPP-Lesson PLanSimple Present Tense IPP-Lesson PLan
Simple Present Tense IPP-Lesson PLan
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียน
 
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XI
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XIMateri bahasa inggris kelas XI
Materi bahasa inggris kelas XI
 
Essential english idoms
Essential english idomsEssential english idoms
Essential english idoms
 
Chuyên đề câu trực tiếp - gián tiếp
Chuyên đề câu trực tiếp - gián tiếpChuyên đề câu trực tiếp - gián tiếp
Chuyên đề câu trực tiếp - gián tiếp
 
Tenses (1)
Tenses (1)Tenses (1)
Tenses (1)
 
present simple tense lifeline
present simple tense lifeline present simple tense lifeline
present simple tense lifeline
 
Solutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed testsSolutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed tests
 
Simple present do does
Simple present   do doesSimple present   do does
Simple present do does
 
Unit 12 L.4
Unit 12 L.4Unit 12 L.4
Unit 12 L.4
 
Tenses for x New
Tenses for x New Tenses for x New
Tenses for x New
 
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentationPre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentation
 

Similar a tenses

15803659 16 Tenses In English
15803659 16 Tenses In English15803659 16 Tenses In English
15803659 16 Tenses In English
guest433aa1
 
Tenses in eng
Tenses in engTenses in eng
Tenses in eng
sudiat
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
Eq Van Btk
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
Matoom Marita
 
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbiEkt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
rifaldynawawi
 
present perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tensepresent perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tense
anastanindya
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียน
Serena Sunisa
 
English grammar
English grammar English grammar
English grammar
Ali Butt
 
English grammar tenses
English grammar tensesEnglish grammar tenses
English grammar tenses
Nikhil Chavan
 

Similar a tenses (20)

15803659 16 Tenses In English
15803659 16 Tenses In English15803659 16 Tenses In English
15803659 16 Tenses In English
 
Tenses in eng
Tenses in engTenses in eng
Tenses in eng
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
 
grammar ppt
grammar pptgrammar ppt
grammar ppt
 
English verb tenses
English verb tensesEnglish verb tenses
English verb tenses
 
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbiEkt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
Ekt grammar 1 (filni saeputri) 1c pbi
 
gerund o gerundio
gerund o gerundiogerund o gerundio
gerund o gerundio
 
present perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tensepresent perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tense
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียน
 
Verb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van EijkVerb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van Eijk
 
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
 
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSEFUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
 
Simple english learning_wiz_dadi
Simple english learning_wiz_dadiSimple english learning_wiz_dadi
Simple english learning_wiz_dadi
 
English grammar
English grammar English grammar
English grammar
 
English grammar tenses
English grammar tensesEnglish grammar tenses
English grammar tenses
 
English grammar tenses
English grammar tensesEnglish grammar tenses
English grammar tenses
 
English grammar tenses
English grammar tensesEnglish grammar tenses
English grammar tenses
 
English grammar tenses
English grammar tensesEnglish grammar tenses
English grammar tenses
 
Present tense
Present tensePresent tense
Present tense
 

Último

1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 

Último (20)

1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfFood safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdfUGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 

tenses

  • 1. 16 Tenses In English CHAPTER I PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the present. Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation. Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast. 1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW, TOMORROW,ETC 1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE The patterns of Present continous tense consist of : 1.3.A. Positive Pattern S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang Examples : 1. I am studying English now. 2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan) 3. You are singing now. 4. He is making a cake now. 5. she is sewing a shirt now. Communicative English Course 1
  • 2. 16 Tenses In English 6. They are playing football in the field now. 7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow. 8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang Example : 1. I am not studying now 2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ? Examples : 1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not 2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t 3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now? QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang? Examples : 1. what are you doing now ? studying 2. Where is he studying English now ? at school EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English. 1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang 2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu 3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi 4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang 5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu. 6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang. 7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang 8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang 9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang. 10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang. Communicative English Course 2
  • 3. 16 Tenses In English EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. They are speaking English now. We are not reading now. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t. What is your father looking at now ? a picture. He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now? EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now. 2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now. 3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now. 4. My father is teaching Biology at school now. EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Are you studying English now ? Is your father reading a newspaper now? Is your mother sewing a shirt now? Are They singing a song at home now? Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now? What is your mother doing now? What is your brother doing now? EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working Communicative English Course 3
  • 4. 16 Tenses In English CHAPTER 2 PAST TENSE 2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. 2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. 2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense 2.3.1. The Positive Pattern S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday S + 2………………………………………………….. Examples : 1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We studied English here last week. 3. They played football in the field yesteryear 2.3.2. The Negative Pattern S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin Examples : 1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We didn’t study here last week. 3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear. 2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday? Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin? Examples: 1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t 2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t Communicative English Course 4
  • 5. 16 Tenses In English 3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didn’t 2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday? Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….? Examples: 1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile 2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did QW + 2……………………………..? Examples : 1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did 2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin 2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ? 3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ? 5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu. 6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. 7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya. 8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu 9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya. 10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya. EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present Continous Tense. 1. Communicative English Course 5
  • 6. 16 Tenses In English 3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something: e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t Promising to do something. e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something. Will you close the window,please! The pattern : S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow? QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow? We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1…………………………………… S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… ………… Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..? Communicative English Course 6
  • 7. 16 Tenses In English 4. PRESENT TENSE Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. e.g. + The earth goes round the sun - The earth doesn’t go round the sun ? Does the earth go round the sun ? + I get up at 8 o’clock every morning - I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning ? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning? The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesn’t often drink tea. Communicative English Course 7
  • 8. 16 Tenses In English 5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn’t finished: This time last year I was living in Brazil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….…… S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2………… Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….? QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………? e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday - She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Communicative English Course 8
  • 9. 16 Tenses In English 6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has happened sooner than expected : e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’. We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first time… e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’). The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc? Communicative English Course 9
  • 10. 16 Tenses In English 7. PAST PERFECT TENSE We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time : Example : - When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before. The pattern: S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2 S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. 2. 3. 4. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar. Communicative English Course 10
  • 11. 16 Tenses In English 8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ? QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ? Example : - Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini + The students have been singing since this morning - The students haven’t been singing since this morning ? Have the students been singing since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam 2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ? 3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam 4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun 5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ? 6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam Communicative English Course 11
  • 12. 16 Tenses In English 9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2 S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ? Example : - Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin + They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday - They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang menakutkan 2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti 3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki berteriak 4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam 5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi Communicative English Course 12
  • 13. 16 Tenses In English 10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ? Example : - Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi + You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning - You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi 2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti 3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam 4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam 5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam Communicative English Course 13
  • 14. 16 Tenses In English 11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end…… S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end…. Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ? QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ? Example : - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore. + We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon - We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini 2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini 3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya 4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini Communicative English Course 14
  • 15. 16 Tenses In English 12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will have been + verb 4………since………. S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since………. Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..? Example : - Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok + They will have been studying since this morning - They won’t have been studying since this morning ? Will they have been studying since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris selama tiga tahun 2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun 3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali 4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa Communicative English Course 15
  • 16. 16 Tenses In English 13. PAST FUTURE TENSE S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ? Example : 1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me 2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu 2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan 3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa 4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri 5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus Communicative English Course 16
  • 17. 16 Tenses In English 14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ? Example : - Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang + They would be going home when we came - They wouldn’t be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu 2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu 3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola waktu itu. Communicative English Course 17
  • 18. 16 Tenses In English 15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3……. S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ? Example : - Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum. - He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu 2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit. 3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu 5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya Communicative English Course 18
  • 19. 16 Tenses In English 16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3……. S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ? Example : - Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota sudah datang tepat pada waktunya - The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time. Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. 2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang 3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu Communicative English Course 19
  • 20. 16 Tenses In English 17. Abbreviation (singkatan) 1. I am = I’m 2. You are = You’re 3. We are = We’re 4. They are = They’re 5. He is = He’s 6. She is = She’s 7. It is = It’s 8. Will not = won’t 9. Would not = Wouldn’t 10. Do not = Don’t 11. Does not = Doesn’t 12. Did not = Didn’t 13. Is not = Isn’t 14. Are not = Aren’t 15. Was not = Wasn’t 16. Were not = Weren’t 17. Have not = Haven’t 18. Has not = Hasn’t 19. Had not = Hadn’t 20. Can not = Can’t 21. Could not = Couldn’t 22. Must not = Mustn’t 23. Should not = Shouldn’t 24. Might not = Mightn’t 25. May not = Mayn’t Communicative English Course 20
  • 21. 16 Tenses In English 18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM) Penjelasan: 1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter… 2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda. 3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut: S + To be + V3…………………………………by… 4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter… 5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus kalimat aktif) Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini : 1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by… 2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by… 3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3…. 5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3… 6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3… 7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3… 9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3… 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3… 11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3… 12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3… Communicative English Course 21
  • 22. 16 Tenses In English 13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3… 14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3… 15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3… 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3… Penjelasan : 1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4) 2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya 3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11. b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12. c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15. d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16. 4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous. Communicative English Course 22
  • 23. 16 Tenses In English 19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM 1. Present Future Tense S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)……… = S tak akan di………………… Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)…. …. = S tidak sedang akan di…… Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her) = S belum akan di………… Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)……… Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini. 5. Simple Present Tense S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge) Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim. 6. Present Continuous Tense S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……) Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang 7. Present Perfect Tense S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..) Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawankawan saya. Communicative English Course 23
  • 24. 16 Tenses In English 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by….. Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu. 9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadn’t been + V3…by….. Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….) Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi. 11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….) Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor. 12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin. • No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama. Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita. Communicative English Course 24
  • 25. 16 Tenses In English Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diucapkan. 20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE 1. Present Future Tense Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ? = Yes/No,……… Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + V3…………… ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense Will + S + have been + V3……………? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + …………………….. ? = Your job. 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,………………. Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in government. 5. Simple Present Tense (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ? Communicative English Course = Yes/No,……………… 25
  • 26. 16 Tenses In English Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director. 6. Present Continuous Tense (Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport. 7. Present Perfect Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ? How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ? How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days. 9. Past Perfect Tense Had + S + been + V3………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ………………… ? = The robbers. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? Communicative English Course 26
  • 27. 16 Tenses In English How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year. 11. Simple Past Tense (Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem. 12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ? By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor. 13. Past Future Tense waktu : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan 14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) 15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri) 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) Communicative English Course 27
  • 28. 16 Tenses In English 21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain. Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut: 1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini. 2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya. 3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya. 4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya. Rumus-Rumus Causative: A. S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today 2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow 3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now B. S + to have + something + Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday 2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) – had – had – having) C. S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc Communicative English Course 28
  • 29. 16 Tenses In English Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow 2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today 3. He has get me to bring a dictionary D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias) 2. I won’t get my hair cut short. 3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, … One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their… Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia) Communicative English Course 29
  • 30. 16 Tenses In English THE 16 TENSES Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + … S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + … S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + … S + had + S.O + V1 + … S + have + had + S.O + V1 + … has 6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + … 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + … 8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + … 9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + … 10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + … 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + … 12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + … 13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + … 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + … 15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + … 16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + … RENUNGKAN: 1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas). 2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek. Communicative English Course 30
  • 31. 16 Tenses In English Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them. One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya. (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind). 3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan. 4. V1 have V2 had V3 had V4 having PATTERN EXERCISE: TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below: A. 1. S + didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc Eg : ………………………………………… 2. Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….? Does Eg : ………………………………………… 3. QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ? Eg : When ………………………………………….. 4. Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ? Eg : Who has ……………………………… 5. Have + someone + V1 + …… ! = suruhlah ……! Eg : …………………………………… B. 1. S + won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku. = ………………………………………… 2. Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ? Does Communicative English Course 31
  • 32. 16 Tenses In English Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ? = ………………………………………………... ? 3. QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin = ……………………………………………. 4. Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ? Siapa yang akan berpoto ? = Who will have one’s picture taken ? One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui. Communicative English Course 32
  • 33. 16 Tenses In English LIST OF TRANSITIVE – VERB Infinitive No (Kata Dasar) Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle V2 V3 V4 V1 The Meaning in Indonesian: 1 to do did done ~ing mengerjkan, melakukan. 2 to have had had having mempunyai 3 to tell told told ~ing mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh. 4 to own owned owned ~ing memiliki 5 to read read read ~ing membaca 6 to write wrote written writing menulis 7 to listen listened ~ed ~ing mendengarkan 8 to speak spoke spoken ~ing berbicara, pandai berbahasa 9 to say said said ~ing berkata, mengatakan 10 to ask asked ~ed ~ing bertanya, meminta, menyuruh 11 to answer answered ~ed ~ing menjawab 12 to borrow borrowed ~ed ~ing meminjam (dari) 13 to lend lent lent ~ing meminjamkan (kepada) 14 to give gave given giving memberi (kan) 15 to send sent sent ~ing mengirim, menyuruh 16 to repeat repeated ~ed ~ing mengulang 17 to buy bought bought ~ing membeli 18 to sell sold sold ~ing menjual 19 to present presented ~ed ~ing menyajikan (cerita, materi) 20 to wait (for) waited ~ed ~ing menunggu Communicative English Course 33
  • 34. 16 Tenses In English 21 to see saw seen ~ing melihat, bertemu, berkenalan 22 to visit visited ~ed ~ing mengunjungi 23 to invite invited ~ed inviting mengundang, mengajak 24 to reject rejected ~ed ~ing menolak 25 to refuse refused ~ed refusing menolak (tawaran, ajakan) 26 to inprove improved ~ed improving memperbaiki, meningkatkan 27 to avoid avoided ~ed ~ing menghindari (kan) 28 to deny denied denied ~ing menyangkal, mambantah 29 to arrange arranged ~ed arranging menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan 30 to plan planned ~ned ~ing merencanakan 31 to make made made making membuat, menyebabkan 32 to build buit built ~ing membangun, mendirikan 33 to burry burried burried ~ing menguburkan 34 to scold scolded ~ed ~ing memarahi 35 to rebuke rebuked ~d rebuking memarahi 36 to bribe bribed ~d bribing menyuap, menyogok 37 to attack attacked ~ed ~ing menyerang 38 to defend defended ~ed ~ing mempertahankan 39 to enforce enforced ~d enforcing memaksa, memberlakukan 40 to learn learnt learnt ~ing belajar 41 to study studied studied ~ing mempelajari 42 to copy copied copied ~ing menyalin 43 to compose composed ~d composing menyusun, mengarang 44 to review reviewed ~ed ~ing mengulang kembali 45 to interview intervived ~ed ~ing mewawancarai 46 to repair repaired ~ed ~ing mereparasi 47 to know knew known ~ing mengetahui, tahu, kenal 48 to understand understood understood ~ing mengerti 49 to take took taken taking mengambil, mengantarkan 50 to eat ate eaten ~ing makan 51 to drink drank drunk ~ing minum 52 to substitute ~d ~d subtituting mengganti 53 to succeed ~ed ~d ~ing berhasil, menggantikan Communicative English Course 34
  • 35. 16 Tenses In English 54 to devide ~d ~d dividing membagi 55 to nominate ~d ~d nominating mencalonkan 56 to cook ~ed ~ed ~ing memasak 57 to receive ~d ~d receiving menerima 58 to believe ~d ~d believing percaya 59 to agree ~d ~d ~ing setuju 60 to disagree ~d ~d ~ing tidak setuju 61 to propose ~d ~d proposing mengusulkan 62 to oppose ~d ~d opposing menentang, melawan 63 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan 64 to let ~ed ~ed ~ting membiarkan, mengijinkan 65 to put ~ed ~ed ~ting meletakkan 66 to cut ~ed ~ed ~ting memotong 67 to continue ~d ~d ~ing meneruskan, melanjutkan 68 to draw drew drawn ~ing menggambar, menarik 69 to think thought thought ~ing berpikir, berpendapat 70 to express ~ed ~ed ~ing menyatakan, mengutarakan 71 to prove ~d ~d proving membuktikan 72 to remember ~ed ~ed ~ing ingat 73 to remind ~ed ~ed ~ing mengingatkan 74 to warn ~ed ~ed ~ing memperingatkan 75 to memorize ~d ~d memorizing mengingat-ingat, menghafal 76 to forget forgot forgotten ~ting melupakan 77 to admire ~d ~d admiring mengagumi, memuji 78 to praise ~d ~d praising memuji 79 to insult ~ed ~ed ~ing menghina 80 to submit ~ted ~ted ~ting menyerahkan 81 to report ~ed ~ed ~ing melaporkan 82 to open ~ed ~ed ~ing membuka 83 to shut ~ed ~ed ~ting menutup 84 to close ~d ~d closing menutup 85 to mark ~ed ~ed ~ing manandai, memberi tanda 86 to weigh ~ed ~ed ~ing menimbang Communicative English Course 35
  • 36. 16 Tenses In English 87 to measure ~d ~d measuring mengukur 88 to evaluate ~d ~d evaluating mengevaluasi 89 to taste ~d ~d tasting mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah) 90 to hold held held ~ing memegang, mengadakan 91 to touch ~ed ~ed ~ing menyentuh, meraba 92 to teach taught taught ~ing mengajar 93 to return ~ed ~ed ~ing mengembalikan 94 to reply replied replied ~ing menjawab 95 to pay ~ed ~ed ~ing membayar 96 to calculate ~d ~d calculating menghitung 97 to throw threw thrown ~ing melempar 98 to hit ~ed ~ed ~ting memukul 99 to beat ~ed ~ed ~ing memukul 100 to bite bit beaten ~ing menggigit 101 to hide hid hid hiding bersembunyi 102 to serve ~d ~d serving melayani, menghidangkan 103 to explain ~ed ~ed ~ing menerangkan 104 to interpret ~ed ~ed ~ing menafsirkan 105 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan 106 to activate ~d ~d activating mengaktifkan, menggiatkan 107 to motivate ~d ~d motivating memotivasi, menggerakan Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive) Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst. “to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus) Communicative English Course 36