2. •The paragraph is the basic unit that writers
use to organize and develop their thought.
• A paragraph is a group of sentences that
develops one main point or idea.
•One important feature of an effective
paragraph is unity: all sentences within the
paragraph are related to the main point.

3. We had a terrible storm last night. The
winds blew up to fifty miles an hour, and it
rained very hard. Acacia trees by the river
blew over, and one tree hit a tree line and
blacked out the area for five hours.
Downtown, the main street was flooded, and
cars were left stranded in bumper-deep
water. Before morning, the river flooded its
banks, and people living nearby were forced
to flee their homes with whatever belongings
they could gather. It was the worst storm in
the country since 1965.

5. Topic Sentence
*What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is, more often than not, the
first sentence in a paragraph. It should say
something about the topic that can be supported,
developed, or demonstrated in the supporting
sentences.
*What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
*How do I write one?
Summarize the main idea of your paragraph.
Indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be
about.

6. Use each word below to write a topic sentence
with a controlling idea. Write your answer on a 1/2
sheet of yellow pad.
1. Pets
2. A first date
3. A terrible teacher
4. Tennis

7. Supporting Details
*What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, making
up the body of a paragraph.
*What do they do?
They give details to develop and support the
main idea of the paragraph. They are categorize
into 3 types: supporting definition, supporting
explanation and supporting example.
*How do I write them?
You should give supporting facts, details, and
examples.

8. Write TS for topic sentence and SS for supporting
sentences.
1. ___ a. Mosquitoes are attracted to heat.
___ b. mosquitoes will fly several miles to find food.
___ c. Only the female mosquito bites.
___ d. Mosquitoes are interesting insects.

9. Closing Sentence
*What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a
paragraph.
*What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph or
reminds the reader of the topic and controlling
idea of the paragraph. It may also warn the
reader, make a prediction, give an inion about a
topic.
*How do I write one?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using
different words.

10. Barefoot Boy
I had a scary experience when I was a
young boy. One evening while my parents were
eating dinner, I was playing barefoot in the yard
with my toys. Even now I still remember the
perfume of the flowers and the moisture of the
grass. While I was sitting on the grass and
playing with a truck, I looked up the sky, and my
attention was distracted by the beauty of the
stars. Then I felt something cold and smooth
slide over my feet. Then I saw a snake slowly
slithering over my toes. I felt terrible and afraid,
so my heart beat very fast. After the snake
moved away, I screamed to my parents for help,
and they captured the snake and took it away.
The experience frightened me, and I never went

11. Examine the organization of the paragraph by
answering the questions. Write your answers in a
1/4 sheet of yellow pad.
• What is the topic sentence?
• How many supporting sentences are there?
• In your opinion, do the supporting sentences
explain the topic sentence?
• Write the concluding sentence.
• Does the concluding sentence repeat the
information in the topic sentence in a new way?

13. Development – second important feature of an
effective paragraph
Main qualities of a well-developed paragraph:
1. It provides enough supporting points for the
main ideas expressed in the topic sentence to be
clearly understood.
2. It provides enough specific details and
examples to be interesting and informative.

14. 3. It does not leave the
reader with unanswered
questions that could be
cleared up with a little
more detail or an additional
example or two.
4. It concludes with a
sentence that clearly
“wraps up” the paragraph
and relates
to the topic sentence in
some manner.

16. A bud is an undeveloped shoot, or in other
words, a bud is a group of undeveloped parts
which, under favorable circumstances, will
grow into some kind of stem and leaves. It is a
leaf bud, like the majority of the buds on most
forest tress familiar to us, it will grow into that
kind of specialized branch which we call a
flower. If it is a mixed bud, it will grow into one
or more flowers and will also develop some
ordinary leaves.

18. Floods are a menace to life and property in Manila.
They generally occur in the months of June, July, and
August, and are caused by overflowing waters of Laguna
Bay and the Pasig River. The rains during these three
months are so heavy that the Pasig River which flows
upstream during the dry season, reverses its course and
carries downstream the overflow from Laguna Bay.
Manila has such an antiquated sewage system that the
water accumulates rapidly in all the low parts of the city.
Floods ordinarily last three or four days. All vehicular
traffic is stopped. Business is paralyzed. Profiteers
quickly take advantage of the situation and sell foodstuffs
and other necessities at tremendously high prices. As the
water ebbs, the streets become impassable that all
vehicles are forces to go at very slow pace.

20. Philippine and American good manners show various
similarities as well as differences. Both types of behavior aim
to put the other person at ease. Both are a sign of innate
sincerity and goodwill. But whereas in speech the American is
frank, open, and straightforward to the point of crudeness, the
Filipino on the other hand is timid, verbose, and over polite.
The American sits at the dinner table with guests. While the
Filipino, generally, serves his visitors first and eats with h is
family later. The average American does not, in any way,
consider it improper to laugh boisterously, shake hands
vigorously, or slap a guest’s back with a staggering blow,
whereas the Filipino, regards these actions as breach of
etiquette. The Filipino offers his guest the best seat, the most
delicious food, and the most comfortable bed in the house, all
the while showing in word and action his humility, kindness
and sincerity.

21. Doors are of many kinds. The revolving
doors in hotels, shops and public buildings are
typical of the brisk, rustling ways of modern
life. Then there are the curious slatted doors
that still swing outside denatured bar-rooms
and extend only from shoulder to knee. There
are trapdoors, sliding doors, double doors, and
stage doors, prison doors, glass doors. But the
symbol and mystery of a door resides in sit
ability of concealment.
Doors are of many kinds. The revolving
doors in hotels, shops and public buildings are
typical of the brisk, rustling ways of modern
life. Then there are the curious slatted doors
that still swing outside denatured bar-rooms
and extend only from shoulder to knee. There
are trapdoors, sliding doors, double doors, and
stage doors, prison doors, glass doors. But the
symbol and mystery of a door resides in sit
ability of concealment.

23. It is high noon. There is stillness in the air that
impresses you, broken only by the low murmur of the
brook behind the ceaseless song of the grasshopper
among the weeds in front. A tired bumblebee hums past,
rolls lazily over a clover blossom at your feet, and has his
midday luncheon. Under the maples near the river’s bend
stands a group of horses, their heads touching. In the
brook below are the patient cattle, with patches of
sunlight gliding and bronzing their backs and side. Every
now and then a breath of cool air starts out of some
shaded retreat, plays around your forehead, and passes
on. All nature rests. It is her noontime.

25. Every nation has been the slave of some
besetting idea. The Egyptians were slaves to the
idea of life and death, the Greeks to the idea of
beauty. The Romans to that of conquest, the
Medievals to that of the Church, the Germans to
that of autocracy, our fathers to that of money.

27. Words represent what we see, hear feel,
smell, taste, and do, and the attitudes and
thoughts that we derive from our experiences.
The word is not the experience itself. We cannot
drink the word “water”, ride in the word “car”, or
refresh our bodies with the word “sleep”. But we
can use the words to “stand for” these
experiences. Therefore, we say that the word is
a symbol for the experience

28. 1.Write paragraphs on a topic of your
choice using any three (3) of the
paragraph development techniques
discussed to you.
2.Underline the topic and the closing
sentences.
3.Use a short sized bond paper for
each paragraph